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5_6217451385617647178.pdf
💢💢The Hindu Editorial with Vocab - 9th JULY
Beating the heat: On hot summers and hotter monsoons
The steady rise in the planet’s temperature as a consequence of humanity’s unfettered use of fossil fuel forms the backdrop to altered weather patterns everywhere. India too has been registering instances of anomalous weather with alarming frequency with an erratic monsoon and coastal erosion. However, some recent changes are seemingly paradoxical. An analysis of public weather data over the last half a century by the Centre for Science and Environment (CSE), suggests that the all-India average temperature during the monsoon months (June-September) is higher than the summer months (March-May). Monsoon temperatures are 0.3°C higher than average summer temperatures when compared from 1951-80. In 2012-2021, this anomaly rose to 0.4°C. The India Meteorological Department has said that India’s average temperature has risen 0.62°C from 1901-2020 but the CSE analysis says — supporting similar studies on these lines — that this has not meant a uniform rise in temperatures across seasons. It is the winter (January and February) and post-monsoon (October-December) average all-India temperatures that have risen faster than even the monsoon and summer temperatures. Average daily maximum temperature for north-western States in March was 30.7°C, whereas the all-India average was 33.1°C or 2.4°C hotter. The average daily minimum temperature showed an even larger (4.9°C) difference. Central India’s normal maximum was 2°-7°C higher, while south peninsular India’s normal minimum was 4°-10°C higher than temperatures in northwest India.
The shattering of temperature records is only one part of the changes; there is also evidence of the toll on lives. From 2015-2020, 2,137 people had reportedly died due to heat stroke in northwest India but southern India had reported 2,444 deaths due to excess environmental heat, with Andhra Pradesh accounting for over half the reported casualties. The urban heat island effect — whereby cities because of concrete surfaces and dense populations tend to on average be hotter than rural habitations — also contributed to heat stress. Indian authorities are cognisant of these trends with some States, led by Gujarat, having Heat Action Plans (HAP). The National Disaster Management Authority is working with 23 out of 28 heat-prone States to develop HAPs that stress changes in the built environment: using material that keeps the indoors cooler, having an early warning system about heatwaves and improving health infrastructure to treat heat stroke patients. However, much remains in terms of reaching out to rural India as well as governments taking steps to plan infrastructure and housing in ways that recognise the dangers from a warming environment. It is time that India includes financial incentives, preferably via Budget outlays, for effective cooling plans. Adapting to and mitigating this most visceral challenge is the need of the hour.
CREDIT SOURCE - THE HINDU
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1. Unfettered (Adj)- without limits or controls. निरंकुश
2. Anomalous (Adj)- unusual or unexpected. अनियमित
3. erratic (adj)- not even or regular in pattern or movement; unpredictable.
4. shattering (n)- very shocking or upsetting.
5. Cognisant (Adj)- having knowledge or awareness.
6. Visceral (Adj)- based on emotional reactions rather than on reason or thought.
Beating the heat: On hot summers and hotter monsoons
The steady rise in the planet’s temperature as a consequence of humanity’s unfettered use of fossil fuel forms the backdrop to altered weather patterns everywhere. India too has been registering instances of anomalous weather with alarming frequency with an erratic monsoon and coastal erosion. However, some recent changes are seemingly paradoxical. An analysis of public weather data over the last half a century by the Centre for Science and Environment (CSE), suggests that the all-India average temperature during the monsoon months (June-September) is higher than the summer months (March-May). Monsoon temperatures are 0.3°C higher than average summer temperatures when compared from 1951-80. In 2012-2021, this anomaly rose to 0.4°C. The India Meteorological Department has said that India’s average temperature has risen 0.62°C from 1901-2020 but the CSE analysis says — supporting similar studies on these lines — that this has not meant a uniform rise in temperatures across seasons. It is the winter (January and February) and post-monsoon (October-December) average all-India temperatures that have risen faster than even the monsoon and summer temperatures. Average daily maximum temperature for north-western States in March was 30.7°C, whereas the all-India average was 33.1°C or 2.4°C hotter. The average daily minimum temperature showed an even larger (4.9°C) difference. Central India’s normal maximum was 2°-7°C higher, while south peninsular India’s normal minimum was 4°-10°C higher than temperatures in northwest India.
The shattering of temperature records is only one part of the changes; there is also evidence of the toll on lives. From 2015-2020, 2,137 people had reportedly died due to heat stroke in northwest India but southern India had reported 2,444 deaths due to excess environmental heat, with Andhra Pradesh accounting for over half the reported casualties. The urban heat island effect — whereby cities because of concrete surfaces and dense populations tend to on average be hotter than rural habitations — also contributed to heat stress. Indian authorities are cognisant of these trends with some States, led by Gujarat, having Heat Action Plans (HAP). The National Disaster Management Authority is working with 23 out of 28 heat-prone States to develop HAPs that stress changes in the built environment: using material that keeps the indoors cooler, having an early warning system about heatwaves and improving health infrastructure to treat heat stroke patients. However, much remains in terms of reaching out to rural India as well as governments taking steps to plan infrastructure and housing in ways that recognise the dangers from a warming environment. It is time that India includes financial incentives, preferably via Budget outlays, for effective cooling plans. Adapting to and mitigating this most visceral challenge is the need of the hour.
CREDIT SOURCE - THE HINDU
------------------------------------------
1. Unfettered (Adj)- without limits or controls. निरंकुश
2. Anomalous (Adj)- unusual or unexpected. अनियमित
3. erratic (adj)- not even or regular in pattern or movement; unpredictable.
4. shattering (n)- very shocking or upsetting.
5. Cognisant (Adj)- having knowledge or awareness.
6. Visceral (Adj)- based on emotional reactions rather than on reason or thought.
EK DUM BASIC
5_6224210964061881407.pdf
#Daily_The_HINDU_VOCABULARY
1.Gear Up (Phrasal Verb)-to prepare for an activity or event.
2.Pave The Way (Phrase)-to create a situation that makes it possible or easier for something to happen. मार्ग प्रशस्त करना
3.Angst (N)-a feeling of extreme anxiety and unhappiness.
4.Bio-Bubble (N)-an environment sealed off from the outside world and accessed by a limited number of people only.
5.At Stake (Phrase)-At risk to be won or lost. खतरे में
6.Pitch-Forked (V)-to put someone suddenly into a situation for which they are not properly prepared.
7.Unflappable (Adj)-not likely to get worried, nervous, or angry even in difficult situations. आसानी से विचलित न होने वाला
8.Rankles (V)-to make someone annoyed or angry for a long time.
9.Gleaned (V)-obtain (information) from various sources, often with difficulty.
10.Caravan (N)-Any large group of people, typically with vehicles or animals, travelling together in single file. क़ाफ़िला
11.Harmonise (V)-to combine things. एक समान करना
12.Legacy (N)-an amount of money or property left to someone in a will. बपौती, वसीयत संपदा
13.In The Throes Of (Idiom)-struggling to cope with (something difficult or disruptive).
14.Fallout (N)-the unpleasant effects of something that has happened. नतीजा
15.Intriguing (Adj)-interesting, fascinating, compelling, enticing. दिलचस्प
16.Unequivocal (Adj)-clear, definite, and without doubt. स्पष्ट
17.Rationale (N)-a set of reasons or a logical basis for a course of action or belief. औचित्य
18.Caveats (N)-a warning or proviso of specific stipulations, conditions, or limitations. चेतावनियां
19.Bailouts (N)-an act of giving financial assistance to a failing business or economy to save it from collapse. राहत पैकेज
20.Outright (Adv)-wholly and completely.
1.Gear Up (Phrasal Verb)-to prepare for an activity or event.
2.Pave The Way (Phrase)-to create a situation that makes it possible or easier for something to happen. मार्ग प्रशस्त करना
3.Angst (N)-a feeling of extreme anxiety and unhappiness.
4.Bio-Bubble (N)-an environment sealed off from the outside world and accessed by a limited number of people only.
5.At Stake (Phrase)-At risk to be won or lost. खतरे में
6.Pitch-Forked (V)-to put someone suddenly into a situation for which they are not properly prepared.
7.Unflappable (Adj)-not likely to get worried, nervous, or angry even in difficult situations. आसानी से विचलित न होने वाला
8.Rankles (V)-to make someone annoyed or angry for a long time.
9.Gleaned (V)-obtain (information) from various sources, often with difficulty.
10.Caravan (N)-Any large group of people, typically with vehicles or animals, travelling together in single file. क़ाफ़िला
11.Harmonise (V)-to combine things. एक समान करना
12.Legacy (N)-an amount of money or property left to someone in a will. बपौती, वसीयत संपदा
13.In The Throes Of (Idiom)-struggling to cope with (something difficult or disruptive).
14.Fallout (N)-the unpleasant effects of something that has happened. नतीजा
15.Intriguing (Adj)-interesting, fascinating, compelling, enticing. दिलचस्प
16.Unequivocal (Adj)-clear, definite, and without doubt. स्पष्ट
17.Rationale (N)-a set of reasons or a logical basis for a course of action or belief. औचित्य
18.Caveats (N)-a warning or proviso of specific stipulations, conditions, or limitations. चेतावनियां
19.Bailouts (N)-an act of giving financial assistance to a failing business or economy to save it from collapse. राहत पैकेज
20.Outright (Adv)-wholly and completely.
EK DUM BASIC
5_6224210964061881407.pdf
Daily The Hindu Vocabulary | 11.07.2022
1. VOLATILE (ADJECTIVE): (अस्थिर): tense
Synonyms: strained, fraught
Antonyms: stable
Example Sentence:The political situation was becoming more volatile.
2. DESPERATE (ADJECTIVE): (निराशाजनक): despairing
Synonyms: hopeless, anguished
Antonyms: cheerful
Example Sentence:
A desperate sadness had enveloped my mind.
3. WHITTLE (VERB): (काटना): erode
Synonyms: wear away, eat away
Antonyms: increase
Example Sentence:
The shortlist of fifteen was whittled down to five.
4. SLENDER (ADJECTIVE): (अल्प): meagre
Synonyms: limited, slight
Antonyms: considerable
Example Sentence:
He helped people of slender means.
5. WIT (NOUN): (वाक्-पटुता): intelligence
Synonyms: shrewdness, cleverness
Antonyms: stupidity
Example Sentence:
She does not lack perception or native wit.
6. DEFAMATORY (ADJECTIVE): (अपवादक): libellous
Synonyms: slanderous, defaming
Antonyms: complimentary
Example Sentence:
He used a defamatory statement to mention her.
7. RIDICULE (VERB): (उपहास करना): deride
Synonyms: mock, laugh at
Antonyms: praise
Example Sentence:
His theory was ridiculed and dismissed.
8. NOTABLE (ADJECTIVE): (उल्लेखनीय): noteworthy
Synonyms: remarkable, outstanding
Antonyms: insignificant
Example Sentence:
The gardens are notable for their collection of magnolias and camellias.
9.FLAUNT (VERB): (शान दिखाना): show off
Synonyms: parade, exhibit
Antonyms: hide
Example Sentence:
Newly rich consumers eager to flaunt their prosperity.
10. EXASPERATION (NOUN): (खीज): irritation
Synonyms: annoyance, chagrin
Antonyms: pleasure
Example Sentence:She rolled her eyes in exasperation.
1. VOLATILE (ADJECTIVE): (अस्थिर): tense
Synonyms: strained, fraught
Antonyms: stable
Example Sentence:The political situation was becoming more volatile.
2. DESPERATE (ADJECTIVE): (निराशाजनक): despairing
Synonyms: hopeless, anguished
Antonyms: cheerful
Example Sentence:
A desperate sadness had enveloped my mind.
3. WHITTLE (VERB): (काटना): erode
Synonyms: wear away, eat away
Antonyms: increase
Example Sentence:
The shortlist of fifteen was whittled down to five.
4. SLENDER (ADJECTIVE): (अल्प): meagre
Synonyms: limited, slight
Antonyms: considerable
Example Sentence:
He helped people of slender means.
5. WIT (NOUN): (वाक्-पटुता): intelligence
Synonyms: shrewdness, cleverness
Antonyms: stupidity
Example Sentence:
She does not lack perception or native wit.
6. DEFAMATORY (ADJECTIVE): (अपवादक): libellous
Synonyms: slanderous, defaming
Antonyms: complimentary
Example Sentence:
He used a defamatory statement to mention her.
7. RIDICULE (VERB): (उपहास करना): deride
Synonyms: mock, laugh at
Antonyms: praise
Example Sentence:
His theory was ridiculed and dismissed.
8. NOTABLE (ADJECTIVE): (उल्लेखनीय): noteworthy
Synonyms: remarkable, outstanding
Antonyms: insignificant
Example Sentence:
The gardens are notable for their collection of magnolias and camellias.
9.FLAUNT (VERB): (शान दिखाना): show off
Synonyms: parade, exhibit
Antonyms: hide
Example Sentence:
Newly rich consumers eager to flaunt their prosperity.
10. EXASPERATION (NOUN): (खीज): irritation
Synonyms: annoyance, chagrin
Antonyms: pleasure
Example Sentence:She rolled her eyes in exasperation.