EK DUM BASIC
5_6118156822680438166.pdf
💢💢The Hindu Editorial with Vocab - 6th JUNE
Boost for boosters: On Corbevax as booster dose
With the Indian drug regulator greenlighting Corbevax as a booster dose for all adults above 18 years who have received two doses of either Covishield or Covaxin as part of primary vaccination, a heterologous booster shot has come a step closer to being administered to people. Though booster shots have been administered since January 10 beginning with health-care and frontline workers, and people over 60 with comorbidities, India has been using the same vaccine for both primary vaccination and booster (homologous boosting). In clinical trials, a booster dose using a vaccine that is different from the one used for primary vaccination — technically called heterologous boosting — produced higher immune responses when compared with a same vaccine for primary and booster vaccination. A trial by the Christian Medical College, Vellore, too found the same result. As expected, Bio E’s phase-3 heterologous booster vaccine trial using Corbevax in people who have received two doses of either Covaxin or Covishield did produce significantly higher immune responses. But with the control group not receiving a homologous booster shot but only a placebo, the trial failed to bring out the enhanced immune responses by using Corbevax as a heterologous booster. Any vaccine administered as a booster — immaterial of being homologous or heterologous — months after primary vaccination will, by default, increase the immune responses. The trial has thus only shown that Corbevax as a heterologous booster increases the immune responses but failed to show that heterologous boosting with this vaccine produces superior immune responses than homologous boosting with Covishield or Covaxin. It is all the more surprising that the booster trial used a placebo for the control arm as even the phase-3 clinical trial to study the immunogenicity of Corbevax for primary vaccination used the comparator vaccine Covishield for the control group.
With Corbevax being approved as a heterologous booster based on a poorly designed heterologous booster trial, the drug regulator can be expected to soon greenlight Covishield and Covaxin as heterologous boosters based on the results of the CMC Vellore trial. Especially as the trial clearly demonstrated the advantages of heterologous boosting compared with using the same vaccine for primary vaccination and boosting. While the National Technical Advisory Group on Immunisation (NTAGI) is quite likely to approve Corbevax as a heterologous booster shot without much delay, it remains to be seen whether it greenlights it for all adults above 18 years. Given the greater likelihood of NTAGI approving Corbevax as a heterologous booster, the Government is not likely to side step the expert group, as in mid-March. As booster shots have been rolled out for all adults above 18 years, the Government should not hurry to approve Corbevax without NTAGI’s nod.
CREDIT SOURCE - THE HINDU
-------------------------------------------
1. Heterologous (Adj)- having a different relation, relative position, or structure; not homologous.
2. Comorbidity (N)- the simultaneous presence of two or more diseases or medical conditions in a patient. सहरुग्णताएं
3. Placebo (N)- a substance that has no therapeutic effect, used as a control in testing new drugs. प्रयोगिक औषध
4. Immunogenicity (N)- the property of eliciting an immune response. प्रतिरक्षाजनत्व
5. Comparator (N)- something used as a standard for comparison. तुलनाकारी
6. Roll Out (Phrasal Verb)- to introduce a new product or service.
Boost for boosters: On Corbevax as booster dose
With the Indian drug regulator greenlighting Corbevax as a booster dose for all adults above 18 years who have received two doses of either Covishield or Covaxin as part of primary vaccination, a heterologous booster shot has come a step closer to being administered to people. Though booster shots have been administered since January 10 beginning with health-care and frontline workers, and people over 60 with comorbidities, India has been using the same vaccine for both primary vaccination and booster (homologous boosting). In clinical trials, a booster dose using a vaccine that is different from the one used for primary vaccination — technically called heterologous boosting — produced higher immune responses when compared with a same vaccine for primary and booster vaccination. A trial by the Christian Medical College, Vellore, too found the same result. As expected, Bio E’s phase-3 heterologous booster vaccine trial using Corbevax in people who have received two doses of either Covaxin or Covishield did produce significantly higher immune responses. But with the control group not receiving a homologous booster shot but only a placebo, the trial failed to bring out the enhanced immune responses by using Corbevax as a heterologous booster. Any vaccine administered as a booster — immaterial of being homologous or heterologous — months after primary vaccination will, by default, increase the immune responses. The trial has thus only shown that Corbevax as a heterologous booster increases the immune responses but failed to show that heterologous boosting with this vaccine produces superior immune responses than homologous boosting with Covishield or Covaxin. It is all the more surprising that the booster trial used a placebo for the control arm as even the phase-3 clinical trial to study the immunogenicity of Corbevax for primary vaccination used the comparator vaccine Covishield for the control group.
With Corbevax being approved as a heterologous booster based on a poorly designed heterologous booster trial, the drug regulator can be expected to soon greenlight Covishield and Covaxin as heterologous boosters based on the results of the CMC Vellore trial. Especially as the trial clearly demonstrated the advantages of heterologous boosting compared with using the same vaccine for primary vaccination and boosting. While the National Technical Advisory Group on Immunisation (NTAGI) is quite likely to approve Corbevax as a heterologous booster shot without much delay, it remains to be seen whether it greenlights it for all adults above 18 years. Given the greater likelihood of NTAGI approving Corbevax as a heterologous booster, the Government is not likely to side step the expert group, as in mid-March. As booster shots have been rolled out for all adults above 18 years, the Government should not hurry to approve Corbevax without NTAGI’s nod.
CREDIT SOURCE - THE HINDU
-------------------------------------------
1. Heterologous (Adj)- having a different relation, relative position, or structure; not homologous.
2. Comorbidity (N)- the simultaneous presence of two or more diseases or medical conditions in a patient. सहरुग्णताएं
3. Placebo (N)- a substance that has no therapeutic effect, used as a control in testing new drugs. प्रयोगिक औषध
4. Immunogenicity (N)- the property of eliciting an immune response. प्रतिरक्षाजनत्व
5. Comparator (N)- something used as a standard for comparison. तुलनाकारी
6. Roll Out (Phrasal Verb)- to introduce a new product or service.
💢💢The Hindu Editorial with Vocab - 7th JUNE
Joy after pain: On Nadal and Swiatek win at French Open
Rafael Nadal’s is an immortal presence at Roland-Garros. The Spaniard, after all, has a statue of himself at the site that is more than life-size, a rare tribute for a player still active. On Sunday, the 36-year-old showed why his is such a timeless existence by winning his 14th French Open crown that also gave him his 22nd Major, pulling him two clear of Roger Federer and Novak Djokovic in the all-time men’s tally. It is unthinkable that 14 was once Pete Sampras’ record for overall Grand Slam trophies won. That Nadal has accumulated as many in Paris, in just 18 attempts and with an injury-ravaged body, is testament to his clay-court genius as well as his unparalleled ability to play through pain and extreme physical discomfort. Leading into the tournament, Nadal was pensive and pessimistic after his chronic left-foot injury forced him to limp out of the Rome Masters, a key preparatory event. Once in Paris, his mood turned increasingly valedictory, with the pain-killing injections needed to keep his leg numb perhaps telling him that the end was near. However, the fortnight ended in such euphoria, with a straight-set demolition of Norwegian Casper Ruud, that in the epitaph to Nadal’s incredible career, whenever written, his 14th triumph will be more than just a normal data point.
The year has been unlike any for Nadal, both in terms of the success he has had and the physical toll he has had to bear. Never before in his stellar career had he secured the opening two Slams of the year, and the 20 straight matches he won at the start of 2022 — three titles and a final — is a career-best. But he had to fight through a bout of COVID-19 that nearly derailed his Australian Open plans, a stress fracture in the ribs that did not allow him to touch a racquet for six weeks, forcing him to miss vital clay-court warm-up tournaments in Monte Carlo and Barcelona and undercooking him for the return in Madrid, and a relapse of the foot injury. That he could still muster the tennis to overcome four top-10 players in the French capital, including Djokovic in the quarterfinal with a rousing performance, proved yet again that he remains the sport’s ultimate competitor. Iga Swiatek was every bit as authoritative in stamping her authority on the women’s side, claiming her second French Open title in three years. It was the sixth straight tournament victory for the Pole, a run that has featured an awe-inspiring 35-match winning streak. If in Ash Barty women’s tennis had a stable World No.1 until the Aussie abdicated her throne in March, Swiatek is proving to be a worthy successor.
CREDIT SOURCE - THE HINDU
-------------------------------------------
1. Immortal (Adj)- living or lasting forever, or so famous as to be remembered for a very long time.
2. Testament (N)- proof of something or a will.
3. Pensive (Adj)- engaged in, involving, or reflecting deep or serious thought. चिंताग्रस्त
4. Pessimistic (Adj)- tending to see the worst aspect of things or believe that the worst will happen. निराशावादी
5. Valedictory (N)- an address or statement of farewell or leave-taking.
6. Euphoria (N)- a feeling or state of intense excitement and happiness. उत्साह
7. Epitaph (N)- something by which a person, time, or event will be remembered.
8. Stellar (Adj)- featuring or having the quality of a star performer or performers.
9. Rousing (Adj)- exciting; stirring. गर्मजोशी
10. Abdicate (V)- fail to fulfil or undertake (a responsibility or duty).
Joy after pain: On Nadal and Swiatek win at French Open
Rafael Nadal’s is an immortal presence at Roland-Garros. The Spaniard, after all, has a statue of himself at the site that is more than life-size, a rare tribute for a player still active. On Sunday, the 36-year-old showed why his is such a timeless existence by winning his 14th French Open crown that also gave him his 22nd Major, pulling him two clear of Roger Federer and Novak Djokovic in the all-time men’s tally. It is unthinkable that 14 was once Pete Sampras’ record for overall Grand Slam trophies won. That Nadal has accumulated as many in Paris, in just 18 attempts and with an injury-ravaged body, is testament to his clay-court genius as well as his unparalleled ability to play through pain and extreme physical discomfort. Leading into the tournament, Nadal was pensive and pessimistic after his chronic left-foot injury forced him to limp out of the Rome Masters, a key preparatory event. Once in Paris, his mood turned increasingly valedictory, with the pain-killing injections needed to keep his leg numb perhaps telling him that the end was near. However, the fortnight ended in such euphoria, with a straight-set demolition of Norwegian Casper Ruud, that in the epitaph to Nadal’s incredible career, whenever written, his 14th triumph will be more than just a normal data point.
The year has been unlike any for Nadal, both in terms of the success he has had and the physical toll he has had to bear. Never before in his stellar career had he secured the opening two Slams of the year, and the 20 straight matches he won at the start of 2022 — three titles and a final — is a career-best. But he had to fight through a bout of COVID-19 that nearly derailed his Australian Open plans, a stress fracture in the ribs that did not allow him to touch a racquet for six weeks, forcing him to miss vital clay-court warm-up tournaments in Monte Carlo and Barcelona and undercooking him for the return in Madrid, and a relapse of the foot injury. That he could still muster the tennis to overcome four top-10 players in the French capital, including Djokovic in the quarterfinal with a rousing performance, proved yet again that he remains the sport’s ultimate competitor. Iga Swiatek was every bit as authoritative in stamping her authority on the women’s side, claiming her second French Open title in three years. It was the sixth straight tournament victory for the Pole, a run that has featured an awe-inspiring 35-match winning streak. If in Ash Barty women’s tennis had a stable World No.1 until the Aussie abdicated her throne in March, Swiatek is proving to be a worthy successor.
CREDIT SOURCE - THE HINDU
-------------------------------------------
1. Immortal (Adj)- living or lasting forever, or so famous as to be remembered for a very long time.
2. Testament (N)- proof of something or a will.
3. Pensive (Adj)- engaged in, involving, or reflecting deep or serious thought. चिंताग्रस्त
4. Pessimistic (Adj)- tending to see the worst aspect of things or believe that the worst will happen. निराशावादी
5. Valedictory (N)- an address or statement of farewell or leave-taking.
6. Euphoria (N)- a feeling or state of intense excitement and happiness. उत्साह
7. Epitaph (N)- something by which a person, time, or event will be remembered.
8. Stellar (Adj)- featuring or having the quality of a star performer or performers.
9. Rousing (Adj)- exciting; stirring. गर्मजोशी
10. Abdicate (V)- fail to fulfil or undertake (a responsibility or duty).
👍2
EK DUM BASIC
5_6125062137954960691.pdf
💢💢The Hindu Editorial with Vocab - 8th JUNE
The Chancellor conundrum: On West Bengal decision to make CM as Chancellor
The West Bengal government’s decision to make the Chief Minister the Chancellor of State-run universities, instead of the Governor, appears to be an outcome of the severely strained relations between Governor Jagdeep Dhankhar and Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee. They have often differed on issues concerning the appointment of Vice-Chancellors and the functioning of universities. Mr. Dhankhar had alleged that VCs were appointed without the approval of the Chancellor, the appointing authority; on some occasions, VCs had not turned up for a meeting with the Governor-Chancellor. Friction has arisen elsewhere too. Tamil Nadu recently passed Bills to empower the State government, instead of the Chancellor, to appoint VCs. It also passed a separate Bill to establish a new university for alternative systems of medicine with the Chief Minister as its Chancellor. The Bills are yet to receive the Governor’s assent. In Kerala, there is a different kind of controversy, with Governor Arif Mohammed Khan asking the Chief Minister to take over the Chancellor’s role in the light of alleged political interference in the functioning of universities. These developments underscore that the conferment of statutory roles to Governors may be a source of friction between elected regimes and Governors who are seen as agents of the Centre.
The original intent of making Governors hold the office of Chancellor and vesting some statutory powers on them was to insulate universities from political influence. Even in the 1980s, as noted by the Justice R.S. Sarkaria Commission, the use of discretion by some Governors in some university appointments had come in for criticism. It acknowledged the distinction between the Governor’s constitutional role and the statutory role performed as a Chancellor, and also underlined that the Chancellor is not obliged to seek the government’s advice. However, it did say there was an obvious advantage in the Governor consulting the Chief Minister or the Minister concerned. The Justice M.M. Punchhi Commission, which examined Centre-State relations decades later, was quite forthcoming in its 2010 report. Noting that the Governor should not be “burdened with positions and powers... which may expose the office to controversies or public criticism”, it advised against conferring statutory powers on the Governor. It felt that the practice of making the Governor the Chancellor of universities ceased to have relevance. Quite presciently, it took note of the potential for friction: “... Ministers will naturally be interested in regulating university education, and there is no need to perpetuate a situation where there would be a clash of functions and powers.” The time may have come for all States to reconsider having the Governor as the Chancellor. However, they should also find alternative means of protecting university autonomy so that ruling parties do not exercise undue influence on the functioning of universities.
CREDIT SOURCE - THE HINDU
-------------------------------------------
1. Strained (Adj)- showing signs of nervous tension or tiredness. तनावपूर्ण
2. Underscore (V)- to emphasize the importance something.
3. Conferment (N)- the act of giving something such as authority, a legal right, or an honour to someone.
4. Discretion (N)- the freedom to decide what should be done in a particular situation. विवेकाधिकार
5. Forthcoming (Adj)- about to happen or appear. आगामी
6. Presciently (Adv)- in a way that predicts or anticipates the future.
7. Perpetuate (V)- make (something) continue indefinitely.
8. Autonomy (N)- the right or condition of self-government.
The Chancellor conundrum: On West Bengal decision to make CM as Chancellor
The West Bengal government’s decision to make the Chief Minister the Chancellor of State-run universities, instead of the Governor, appears to be an outcome of the severely strained relations between Governor Jagdeep Dhankhar and Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee. They have often differed on issues concerning the appointment of Vice-Chancellors and the functioning of universities. Mr. Dhankhar had alleged that VCs were appointed without the approval of the Chancellor, the appointing authority; on some occasions, VCs had not turned up for a meeting with the Governor-Chancellor. Friction has arisen elsewhere too. Tamil Nadu recently passed Bills to empower the State government, instead of the Chancellor, to appoint VCs. It also passed a separate Bill to establish a new university for alternative systems of medicine with the Chief Minister as its Chancellor. The Bills are yet to receive the Governor’s assent. In Kerala, there is a different kind of controversy, with Governor Arif Mohammed Khan asking the Chief Minister to take over the Chancellor’s role in the light of alleged political interference in the functioning of universities. These developments underscore that the conferment of statutory roles to Governors may be a source of friction between elected regimes and Governors who are seen as agents of the Centre.
The original intent of making Governors hold the office of Chancellor and vesting some statutory powers on them was to insulate universities from political influence. Even in the 1980s, as noted by the Justice R.S. Sarkaria Commission, the use of discretion by some Governors in some university appointments had come in for criticism. It acknowledged the distinction between the Governor’s constitutional role and the statutory role performed as a Chancellor, and also underlined that the Chancellor is not obliged to seek the government’s advice. However, it did say there was an obvious advantage in the Governor consulting the Chief Minister or the Minister concerned. The Justice M.M. Punchhi Commission, which examined Centre-State relations decades later, was quite forthcoming in its 2010 report. Noting that the Governor should not be “burdened with positions and powers... which may expose the office to controversies or public criticism”, it advised against conferring statutory powers on the Governor. It felt that the practice of making the Governor the Chancellor of universities ceased to have relevance. Quite presciently, it took note of the potential for friction: “... Ministers will naturally be interested in regulating university education, and there is no need to perpetuate a situation where there would be a clash of functions and powers.” The time may have come for all States to reconsider having the Governor as the Chancellor. However, they should also find alternative means of protecting university autonomy so that ruling parties do not exercise undue influence on the functioning of universities.
CREDIT SOURCE - THE HINDU
-------------------------------------------
1. Strained (Adj)- showing signs of nervous tension or tiredness. तनावपूर्ण
2. Underscore (V)- to emphasize the importance something.
3. Conferment (N)- the act of giving something such as authority, a legal right, or an honour to someone.
4. Discretion (N)- the freedom to decide what should be done in a particular situation. विवेकाधिकार
5. Forthcoming (Adj)- about to happen or appear. आगामी
6. Presciently (Adv)- in a way that predicts or anticipates the future.
7. Perpetuate (V)- make (something) continue indefinitely.
8. Autonomy (N)- the right or condition of self-government.
EK DUM BASIC
5_6125062137954960691.pdf
╭───────────────────╮
Date : 08-06-2022 | Day : Wednesday
╰───────────────────╯
1.ABOLITION (NOUN): (उन्मूलन): scrapping
Synonyms: ending, stopping
Antonyms: retention
Example Sentence:
He was responsible for the abolition of the death penalty.
2.NEFARIOUS (ADJECTIVE): (कुटिल): wicked
Synonyms: evil, sinful
Antonyms: good
Example Sentence:
The nefarious activities of the organized-crime syndicates.
3.HEGEMONY (NOUN): (नायकत्व): leadership
Synonyms: dominance, dominion
Antonyms: self-government
Example Sentence:
Germany was united under Prussian hegemony after 1871.
4.ENORMITY (NOUN): (दुष्टता): wickedness
Synonyms: baseness, blackness
Antonyms: goodness
Example Sentence:
The enormities of war are way too high as expected.
5.APEX (NOUN): (चरम सीमा): climax
Synonyms: culmination, apotheosis
Antonyms: nadir
Example Sentence:
The apex of his career was in 1966 when he hosted aloft the World Cup.
6.HOSPITALITY (NOUN): (सत्कार): friendliness
Synonyms: welcome, helpfulness
Antonyms: unfriendliness
Example Sentence:
Scotland is a country which is renowned for its hospitality.
7.CONCOMITANT (ADJECTIVE): (संगत करने वाला): attendant
Synonyms: accompanying, associated
Antonyms: unrelated
Example Sentence:
She loved travel, with all its concomitant worries.
8. INTRANSIGENT (ADJECTIVE): (सैद्धांतिक): uncompromising
Synonyms: inflexible, unbending
Antonyms: compliant
Example Sentence:
Her father had tried persuasion, but she was intransigent.
9.ORATORICAL (ADJECTIVE): (भाषण -संबंधी): rhetorical
Synonyms: grandiloquent, magniloquent
Antonyms: plain-spoken
Example Sentence:
He has plenty oratorical skills.
10.SHUN (VERB): (किनारा करना): avoid
Synonyms: evade eschew
Antonyms: accept
Example Sentence:
He shunned fashionable society.
Date : 08-06-2022 | Day : Wednesday
╰───────────────────╯
1.ABOLITION (NOUN): (उन्मूलन): scrapping
Synonyms: ending, stopping
Antonyms: retention
Example Sentence:
He was responsible for the abolition of the death penalty.
2.NEFARIOUS (ADJECTIVE): (कुटिल): wicked
Synonyms: evil, sinful
Antonyms: good
Example Sentence:
The nefarious activities of the organized-crime syndicates.
3.HEGEMONY (NOUN): (नायकत्व): leadership
Synonyms: dominance, dominion
Antonyms: self-government
Example Sentence:
Germany was united under Prussian hegemony after 1871.
4.ENORMITY (NOUN): (दुष्टता): wickedness
Synonyms: baseness, blackness
Antonyms: goodness
Example Sentence:
The enormities of war are way too high as expected.
5.APEX (NOUN): (चरम सीमा): climax
Synonyms: culmination, apotheosis
Antonyms: nadir
Example Sentence:
The apex of his career was in 1966 when he hosted aloft the World Cup.
6.HOSPITALITY (NOUN): (सत्कार): friendliness
Synonyms: welcome, helpfulness
Antonyms: unfriendliness
Example Sentence:
Scotland is a country which is renowned for its hospitality.
7.CONCOMITANT (ADJECTIVE): (संगत करने वाला): attendant
Synonyms: accompanying, associated
Antonyms: unrelated
Example Sentence:
She loved travel, with all its concomitant worries.
8. INTRANSIGENT (ADJECTIVE): (सैद्धांतिक): uncompromising
Synonyms: inflexible, unbending
Antonyms: compliant
Example Sentence:
Her father had tried persuasion, but she was intransigent.
9.ORATORICAL (ADJECTIVE): (भाषण -संबंधी): rhetorical
Synonyms: grandiloquent, magniloquent
Antonyms: plain-spoken
Example Sentence:
He has plenty oratorical skills.
10.SHUN (VERB): (किनारा करना): avoid
Synonyms: evade eschew
Antonyms: accept
Example Sentence:
He shunned fashionable society.
👍1
EK DUM BASIC
5_6127248624200975822.pdf
╭───────────────────╮
Date : 09-06-2022 | Day : Thursday
╰───────────────────╯
1. KINDLE (VERB): (प्रज्वलित करना): light
Synonyms: ignite, set fire to
Antonyms: douse
Example Sentence:
They kindle lights, he says, assuming one is in darkness.
2. RATIFY (VERB): (पुष्टि करना): confirm
Synonyms: approve, sanction
Antonyms: reject
Example Sentence:
Both countries were due to ratify the treaty by the end of the year.
3. PARTLY (ADVERB): (आंशिक रूप में): in part
Synonyms: partially, somewhat
Antonyms: completely
Example Sentence:
The result is partly a matter of skill and partly of chance.
4. COHERENCE (NOUN): (स्थिरता): consistency
Synonyms: soundness, organization
Antonyms: incoherence
Example Sentence:
Many questions weren further raised on the coherence of state policy.
5. TOXIC (ADJECTIVE): (अप्रिय): unpleasant
Synonyms: very bad, harmful
Antonyms: pleasant
Example Sentence:
She had been in a toxic relationship.
6. REVOKE (VERB): (रद्द करना): cancel
Synonyms: repeal, rescind
Antonyms: introduce
Example Sentence:
The men appealed and the sentence was revoked.
7. SPECIFIC (ADJECTIVE): (सटीक): exact
Synonyms: accurate, precise
Antonyms: vague
Example Sentence:
When ordering goods, be specific.
8. AGITATION (NOUN): (आवेश): anxiety
Synonyms: perturbation, disquiet
Antonyms: calmness
Example Sentence:
She was wringing her hands in agitation.
9. BYGONE (ADJECTIVE): (पुराना): ancient
Synonyms: past, former
Antonyms: contemporary
Example Sentence:
That is contrary to the observation of philosophers of bygone days.
10. STIMULATE (VERB): (प्रेरित करना): encourage
Synonyms: prompt, prod
Antonyms: discourage
Example Sentence:
The reader could not fail to be stimulated by the ideas presented.
Date : 09-06-2022 | Day : Thursday
╰───────────────────╯
1. KINDLE (VERB): (प्रज्वलित करना): light
Synonyms: ignite, set fire to
Antonyms: douse
Example Sentence:
They kindle lights, he says, assuming one is in darkness.
2. RATIFY (VERB): (पुष्टि करना): confirm
Synonyms: approve, sanction
Antonyms: reject
Example Sentence:
Both countries were due to ratify the treaty by the end of the year.
3. PARTLY (ADVERB): (आंशिक रूप में): in part
Synonyms: partially, somewhat
Antonyms: completely
Example Sentence:
The result is partly a matter of skill and partly of chance.
4. COHERENCE (NOUN): (स्थिरता): consistency
Synonyms: soundness, organization
Antonyms: incoherence
Example Sentence:
Many questions weren further raised on the coherence of state policy.
5. TOXIC (ADJECTIVE): (अप्रिय): unpleasant
Synonyms: very bad, harmful
Antonyms: pleasant
Example Sentence:
She had been in a toxic relationship.
6. REVOKE (VERB): (रद्द करना): cancel
Synonyms: repeal, rescind
Antonyms: introduce
Example Sentence:
The men appealed and the sentence was revoked.
7. SPECIFIC (ADJECTIVE): (सटीक): exact
Synonyms: accurate, precise
Antonyms: vague
Example Sentence:
When ordering goods, be specific.
8. AGITATION (NOUN): (आवेश): anxiety
Synonyms: perturbation, disquiet
Antonyms: calmness
Example Sentence:
She was wringing her hands in agitation.
9. BYGONE (ADJECTIVE): (पुराना): ancient
Synonyms: past, former
Antonyms: contemporary
Example Sentence:
That is contrary to the observation of philosophers of bygone days.
10. STIMULATE (VERB): (प्रेरित करना): encourage
Synonyms: prompt, prod
Antonyms: discourage
Example Sentence:
The reader could not fail to be stimulated by the ideas presented.