BATTLES

Dashrajya war

• Ten kings was between Sudas
Won- Raja sudas

• Parushni (Ravi) river
• seventh mandala of the Rigveda

Battle of the Hydaspes

• Alexander the Great and Porus
• Won- Alexander
• Jhelum river
• 326 (BC)

Kalinga war

• Chedi dynasty vs Ashoka
• won - Ashoka
• 261 BC
• 13th(inscription)

Battle of NARMADA RIVER

• Pulakeshin II (609 - 642 AD) Chalukya Dynasty

Pulakeshin II vs Harshvardhan
• Won - Pulakeshin II
• title Daskshinapatheshwara
• Narmada river
• Aihole Records
• 618AD
•

Battle with

Pullalur
• Pulakeshin II vs Mahendravarman I
• Won- Pulakeshin II

•Battle of Vatapi (642)
• Pulakesin II Vs Narasimhavarman I.
• Won -Narasimhavarman I
• title of Vatapikonda.

Battle of Peshawar(1001)

• Mahmud of Ghazni vs Jayapala
• Won - Mahmud Ghazni
• Somnath temple in Gujarat in 1025 AD, which was the sixteenth attack on India

First Battle of Tarain(1191)

• Prithviraj Chauhan and Mohammad Ghori
• won - Prithviraj Chauhan

Second Battle of Tarain(1192)

• Prithviraj Chauhan and Mohammed Ghori
• Won - Mohammed Ghori

First Battle of Panipat(21 April 1526 CE)

• Babur and Ibrahim Lodi

• Panipat, Haryana

• WON - Babur

Battle of Khanwa(16 March 1527)

• Babur and Rana Sanga

• Khanwa, Rajasthan

• Won - Babur

Battle of Chanderi(20 January 1528)

• Rajputs and Mughals
• WON- Mughals

Battle of Ghaghra (6 May. 1529)

• Mughal forces under Babur against the Sultanate of Bengal under Sultan Nusrat Shah.
• Ghaghara River, Bihar
• Won - Babur

Battle of Chausa( 1539)

• Sher Shah and Humayun

• Chausa, Buxar, Bihar

• Won - Shershah

Battle of Kannauj(1540)

• Sher Shah Suri and Humayun

• Kannauj, Uttar Pradesh

• WOn - Shershah

The Battle of Bilgram (1540)

• Humayun and Sher Shah Suri.
•Won - Sher Shah Suri

Second Battle of Panipat(1556)

• Akbar and Hemu
• won- Akbar

Battle of Talikota(1565)

• Vijaynagar Empire and Deccan Sultanates
• won - Deccan Sultanates

Battle of Haldighati(1576)

• Maharana Pratap of Mewar and Akbar's forces led by Man Singh I

• Won - Akbar

Battle of Pratapgad (1659)

• Shivaji vs Afzal Khan.
• Won - shivaji

The Battle of Karnal (1739)

• Nadir Shah and Muhammad Shah.
• Nader Shah

The Battle of Colachel (Kulachal) (1741)

• Travancore and the Dutch
• Won - Travancore

Battle of Swally(1612)

• Portuguese vs Britishers
• Won - Britishers

First Carnatic war(1746-1748)

• French and Britishers
• Austrian War of Succession.
• Treaty of Aix-La-Chapelle.

The Second Carnatic War (1749 -1754)

Third Carnatic War (1757-1763)

Battle of Wandiwash:

The decisive battle of the Third Carnatic War was won by the English 1760 at Wandiwash .

Battle of Plassey (1757)

• Britishers vs Siraj-ud-Daulah, the last Nawab of Bengal

•won - Britishers (Lead by Clive)

Third Battle of Panipat (1761)

• Maratha Empire and Ahmad Shah Durrani
• Won - Ahmad Shah Durrani

Battle of Buxar (1764)

• Britishers vs Mir Qasim Shuja-ud- Daulah and Shah Alam II.
• Won - Britishers

Treaty of Allahabad, 1765

• In 1765, two Treaties were concluded by Robert Clive at Allahabad with Nawab Shuja-ud-Daulah and Emperor Shah Alam II.
• 1765, Robert Clive formed a dual government in Bengal until 1772. Diwani and Nizamat. Diwani means the corporation was granted the right to raise revenue, and Nizamat means that nawab was given administrative powers.

First Anglo- Mysore War(1767-69)

• Hyder Ali defeated the British.
• end with the Treaty of Madras.

Second Anglo-Mysore War (1780-1784)

• Treaty of Mangalore
• Warren Hastings

Third Anglo-Mysore War (1790 – 1792),

•The third Anglo- Mysore War was fought between Tipu Sultan and the then Governor-General of Bengal Lord Cornwallis.

• the Treaty of Seringapatam

Fourth Anglo-Mysore War 1798-99

• British and Tipu Sultan to recoup their losses.

•Lord Wellesley (established the Subsidiary Alliance system 1798)

Battle of Kharda also called the Battle of Khurla 1795

• Nizam vs Maratha
• Maratha Won

First Anglo-Maratha War (1775 - 1782)

• Maratha vs Britishers
• Maratha victory Treaty of Salbai

✨Today's Word✨

cajole
कˈजोल्‌

Meaning :-

to persuade a person to do something or give something by being very nice to him/her
ख़ुशामद से या उपहार देकर किसी से अपनी बात मनवाना

Synonyms:-

blandish, coax, soft-soap, wheedle

Example :-

He cajoled me into agreeing to do the work.

Gwalior Gharana - The Oldest Gharana(Madya Pradesh)

Founders
Hassu Khan , Haddu Khan, & Nathoo Khan, Nathan Pir Baksh

Exponents

• Raja Bhaiya Poonchwale

• Krishnarao Shankar

• Pandit Omkarnath Thakur

• Veena Sahasrabuddhe

• Vishnu "Digambar" Paluskar

• Balakrishnabuwa Ichalkaranjikar


KIRANA GHARANA (UP)

Founders

Abdul Karim Khan

Abdul Wahid Khan

Exponents

• Pandit Bheem sen jhoshi - Bharat Ratna-2008
• Kumar Gandharv- Padma Vibhushan- 1990
• Channulal mishra- Thumri and khyal singer Padma Vhibushan- 2020
• Prabha Atre- (Khyal, Thumri, & Gajal singer)
• Amjad Ali khan - Sarod Padma vibhushan- 2001
• Gangubhai hangal - Khyal singer( from Karnataka)
• Manik verma - (kirana / Agra)
• Sawai Gandharv
• Ustad Abdul Kareem khan
• Sureshbabu Maane
• Hirabai Barodekar - (khyal, thumri Singer)
• Kesarbai kerkar- Jaipur/kirana

PATIALA GHARANA

Founders

Ustad Fateh Ali Khan

Ustad Ali Baksh Khan

Mian Kallu - Sarangi

Exponents

• Bade Ghulam Ali Khan

• Begum Akhtar - awarded Padma Shri, and later a Padma Bhushan Award posthumously

• Ajay Chakraborty

• Naina Devi

• Parveen Sultana

• Lakshmi Shankar

• Amanat Ali Khan

MEWATI GHARANA

Founder

Ghagge Nazir Khan

Exponents

Pt. Jasraj

jugalbande

• Maniram

• Sanjeev Abhyankar

Kala Ramnath → Violin

Tripti Mukherjee

Sanjeev Abhyankar

Ratan Mohan Sharma

Maihar GHARANA

Founder

Ustad Allaudin Khan

Exponents

• Pannalal ghosh-FLUTE
• Aluddin Khan -- Sarod
• Akbar Ali Khan - Sarod
• Nikhil Banerjee - Sitar
• Pandit Ravi shankar - sitar Won- Bharat Ratna in 1999
• Annapurna Devi - surbahar
• Hariprasad Chaurasia - flute
• VG Jog - Violin

INDORE GHARANA

Founder

Ustad Amir Khan

Exponents

• Sultan Khan- Sarangi

• Pandit Amarnath

• Shankar Lal Mishra

• Kalyan Banerjee

• Purvi Mukherjee



Jaipur Atrauli Gharana

Founder

Alladiya Khan

Exponents

Kesarbai Kerkar

Mallikarjun Mansur

Vidyadhar Vyas

Vidyagauri Adkar

Bande Ali Khan - Rudra Veana

Pt. Lakshman Prasad

Kishori Amonkar

Punjab Gharana

Founder
Lal Bhawani Singh

Exponents

• Alla Rakha - tabla

• Zakir Hussain - 2023 - Padma Vibhushan (Won 2 Grammy award PADMA BHUSAN IN = 2002) Padma sri-1988

• Nikhil Ghosh - Table

• Shafaat Ahmed Khan

• Ustad Altaf Hussain

• Ustad Ashfaque Hussain

• Mian Qadir Baksh

Benaras Gharana of Kathak

Founder

Janaki Prasad

Benaras Gharana of Khayal

Founder
Pt. Gopal Mishra

Benaras Gharana of Tabla

Founder
Pt. Ram Sahai

Exponents

• Ustad Bismillah Khan - Shehnai

• Pt. Anokhelal Mishra- Table

• Pt. Kishan Maharaj

• Samta Prasad

• Pt. Kanthe Maharaj
• Gopal Misra
• Hanuman Prasad Misra

Rampur sehaswan Gharana

Founders

Ustad Inayat Khan

Mehboob Khan

Mahbub Khan

Exponents

• Gulam Mustafa Khan

• Ustad Rashid Khan

• Sadik Hussain Khan

• Ustad Nisar Khan

• Zeeshan Khan Abbas Khan

Bhendi Bazar Gharana - Mumbai

founder
Chhajju Khan
Nazir Khan
Khadim Hussain Khan

Exponents

• Aman Ali Khan
• Lata Mangeshkar - Bharat Ratna (2001)
• Anjanibai Malpekar
• Sashikala Kakodkar

Agra Gharana
Also known as- Rangeela gharana

Founder
Hajisujan khan

Exponents

• Ustad vilyat Hussain khan
• Ustad Faiyaz Khan

Darbhanga Gharana - Bihar

Founder
Radhakrishna and Kartaram

Exponents

Ram Chatur Mallick
Pt. Dharmlal Mallick
Pt. Bhim Mallick (Pakhawaj),
Pt. Kchitpal Mallick

Lucknow Gharana

Tabla

Miyan Bakshu

Wajid Hussain Khan

Afaq Hussain Khan

Santosh Krishna Biswas

Swapan Chaudhuri

S. R. Chishti

Pandit Swaraj Bhattacharya

Pandit Ashok Maitra

Kathak

Durga Prasad Mishra

• Thakur Prasad Misha

Bindadin Maharaj

Kalka Prasad Mishra

• Acchan Maharaj

• Lacchu Maharaj

• Shambhu Maharaj

• Birju Maharaj - Padma Vibhushan- 1986

Senia Gharana

Hariprasad Chaurasia
Padma bhushan → 1992
Padma vibhushan→ 2000

Sufiana Gharana

Bhajan Sopari - Santoor