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1. ZEALOUS (ADJECTIVE): (उत्साही): fervent
Synonyms: ardent, fervid
Antonyms: apathetic
Example Sentence:
The council was extremely zealous in the application of the regulations.

2. EMBELLISH (VERB): (अधिक रोचक बनाना): elaborate
Synonyms: embroider, exaggerate
Antonyms: simplify
Example Sentence:
Followers often embellish stories about their heroes.

3. JUDICIAL (ADJECTIVE): (न्यायिक): legal
Synonyms: judiciary, juridical
Antonyms: illegal
Example Sentence:
There would be a judicial inquiry into the allegations.

4. FACTION (NOUN): (अंदरूनी कलह): infighting
Synonyms: dissension, dissent
Antonyms: harmony
Example Sentence:
The army faction strengthened day by day.

5. DESPERATE (ADJECTIVE): (निराशाजनक): despairing
Synonyms: hopeless, anguished
Antonyms: cheerful
Example Sentence:
As the supply of food ran out, people became desperate.

6. DEFIANCE (NOUN): (अवज्ञा): resistance
Synonyms: opposition, confrontation
Antonyms: submission
Example Sentence:
Despite her defiance, her voice shook.

7. GLORIFY (VERB): (महिमामंडन करना): ennoble
Synonyms: exalt, elevate
Antonyms: dishonor
Example Sentence:
A football video went viral glorifying violence.

8. ABATE (VERB): (घटना): subside
Synonyms: lessen, let up
Antonyms: intensify
Example Sentence:
In an hour or so the storm would abate and they could leave.

9. FLEETING (ADJECTIVE): (क्षणभंगुर): brief
Synonyms: transient, short-lived
Antonyms: lasting
Example Sentence:
For a very fleeting moment I saw his face.

10. GLOSSY (ADJECTIVE): (सतही आकर्षक): expensive
Synonyms: high-quality, stylish
Antonyms: cheap
Example Sentence:
That is just another glossy TV miniseries.

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1.MORATORIUM (NOUN): (प्रतिबंध): embargo
Synonyms: ban, prohibition
Antonyms: renewal
Example Sentence:
There was a moratorium on the use of drift nets.

2.APPEALING (ADJECTIVE): (आकर्षक): attractive
Synonyms: engaging, alluring
Antonyms: off-putting
Example Sentence:
Village life is somehow more appealing than city's.

3. HOSTILITY (NOUN): (युद्ध): fighting
Synonyms: conflict, combat
Antonyms: peace
Example Sentence:
He called for an immediate cessation of hostilities.

4. PERTINENT (ADJECTIVE): (प्रासंगिक): relevant
Synonyms: to the point apposite
Antonyms: irrelevant
Example Sentence:
She asked me a lot of very pertinent questions.

5. AGITATE (VERB): (उत्तेजित करना): upset
Synonyms: perturb, fluster
Antonyms: calm
Example Sentence:
The thought of questioning Tony agitated him extremely.

6.TIRESOME (ADJECTIVE): (थकानेवाला): boring
Synonyms: dull, tedious
Antonyms: interesting
Example Sentence:
Weeding is a tiresome but essential job.

7. ABANDONED (ADJECTIVE): (असंयत): uninhibited
Synonyms: reckless, unrestrained
Antonyms: restrained
Example Sentence:
He performed a wild, abandoned dance.

8. BUTTRESS (VERB): (समर्थन देना): strengthen
Synonyms: reinforce, fortify
Antonyms: weaken
Example Sentence:
He buttressed his idea by religious belief.

9. PROMINENT (ADJECTIVE):(अगोचर): conspicuous
Synonyms: noticeable, obvious
Antonyms: inconspicuous
Example Sentence:
The new housing estates are prominent landmarks.

10. DETENTION (NOUN): (क़ैद): custody
Synonyms: imprisonment, confinement
Antonyms: relinquishment
Example Sentence:
The fifteen people arrested were still in police detention.

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1.UNWAVERING (ADJECTIVE): (स्थिर): steady
Synonyms: fixed, resolute
Antonyms: wavering
Example Sentence:
She fixed him with an unwavering stare.

2. BYGONE (ADJECTIVE): (पुराना): ancientf
Synonyms: past, former
Antonyms: contemporary
Example Sentence:
That is contrary to the observation of philosophers of bygone days.

3. SCOURGE (NOUN): (अभिशाप): affliction
Synonyms: bane, curse
Antonyms: blessing
Example Sentence:
Mass unemployment is a scourge for the society.

4. COHERENCE (NOUN): (स्थिरता): consistency
Synonyms: soundness, organization
Antonyms: incoherence
Example Sentence:
Many questions weren further raised on the coherence of state policy.

5. STIMULATE (VERB): (प्रेरित करना): encourage
Synonyms: prompt, prod
Antonyms: discourage
Example Sentence:
The reader could not fail to be stimulated by the ideas presented.

6. KINDLE (VERB): (प्रज्वलित करना): light
Synonyms: ignite, set fire to
Antonyms: douse
Example Sentence:
They kindle lights, he says, assuming one is in darkness.

7. TENTATIVE (ADJECTIVE): (अनंतिम): provisional
Synonyms: unconfirmed, unsettled
Antonyms: definite
Example Sentence:
We reached to a tentative conclusion only.

8. UNDERMINE (VERB): (दुर्बल करना): erode
Synonyms: wear away, undercut
Antonyms: support
Example Sentence:
The flow of water had undermined pillars supporting the roof.

9. PROGRESSIVE (ADJECTIVE): (प्रगतिशील): modern
Synonyms: liberal, advanced
Antonyms: conservative
Example Sentence:
The censors, being elected on a general ticket, were always very progressive.

10. BONHOMIE (NOUN): (खुशमिज़ाजी): geniality
Synonyms: conviviality, affability
Antonyms: coldness
Example Sentence:
He exuded good humour and bonhomie.

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💢💢The Hindu Editorial with Vocab - 20th JUNE

Monsoon jitters: On rain deficit and droughts

The monsoon landed early in Kerala, three days ahead of the normal date of June 1. The journey upward of its western branch has since then been timely but lacking in vigour. The latest IMD figures suggest that the monsoon is running an 8% deficit. Central India, which has the largest swathe of land dependent on rainfed agriculture, has only got 52% of the rain that is due; the southern peninsula has a 22% deficit. Only India’s east and north-eastern parts are battling the diametrically opposite problem of too much rain, with floods in Assam and Meghalaya submerging entire villages. The northwest of India, where the monsoon is yet to arrive, and reeling under a series of heatwaves, is battling a rainfall deficit of 33%. The monsoon rainfall is critical to kharif sowing and so a faltering June has raised concerns in several quarters. However, there is little to be worried about at this juncture. June rainfall, particularly in the first fortnight, is historically patchy and contributes less than 18% of the monsoon rainfall. Meteorologists maintain that there is no correlation of the timing and advent of the monsoon rainfall with its eventual performance. Because of the large variance inherent in June rainfall, the IMD has historically chosen not to issue forecasts for the month, unlike for July and August. The latter two are considered the key monsoon months and responsible for supplying nearly two-thirds of the monsoon rains. Episodes of drought in India and those that are linked to agricultural failures are when the monsoon fails in these two months.

In fact, the real worry that lingers over the horizon is rainfall in July and August. On May 31, as part of its updated forecast, the IMD gave an optimistic picture. The June to September rainfall over the country was likely to be 103% of the Long Period Average, and central India was likely to get “above normal” rainfall as was the southern peninsula. The monsoon core zone, which consists of most of the rainfed agriculture regions, too is expected to receive “above normal” rain. In previous years, there has been a pattern of ‘normal’ and ‘above normal’ rains being forecast only for them to dry up for large periods in July and August, followed by a sudden surge in September. This pattern may help deliver the numbers but is not always beneficial for kharif sowing. The expectations of a good monsoon are premised on the persistence of a La Niña, the converse of the El Niño and characterised by a cooling of the Central Pacific waters. However, the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), another index of significance to the monsoon, is expected to be negative. Whether the La Niña can compensate for the dampening of the IOD remains to be seen.


CREDIT SOURCE - THE HINDU
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1. Swathe (N)- a large area of land.

2. ReeI Under (Phrasal Verb)- to struggle to deal with some oppressive or difficult burden or responsibility.

3. Juncture (N)- a particular point in events or time. अवसर

4. Fortnight (N)- a period of two weeks. दो सप्ताह का समय

5. Patchy (Adj)- only existing or happening in some parts.

6. Linger (V)- stay in a place longer than necessary because of a reluctance to leave.

7. Dry Up (Phrasal Verb)- to no longer exist or be available.

8. Premise On (Idiom)- based on (a particular idea or belief).