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Glycogenesis
Glycogenolysis
Glycolysis
Gluconeogenesis

The names sound extremely similar because all are connected to glucose metabolism, but each pathway does a completely different job inside the body.

🟒 Glycogenesis = Storage pathway
When glucose levels are high after eating, the body converts extra glucose into glycogen and stores it mainly in liver and muscles for future energy needs.

πŸ“¦ Glucose β†’ Glycogen

πŸ”΄ Glycogenolysis = Glucose release pathway
When the body needs energy during fasting, exercise, or stress, stored glycogen is broken down back into glucose.

πŸ“€ Glycogen β†’ Glucose

⚑ Glycolysis = Energy production pathway
Here, glucose is directly broken down to produce ATP, the energy currency of the cell. This pathway occurs in almost every cell.

βš™οΈ Glucose β†’ Pyruvate + ATP

🟠 Gluconeogenesis = New glucose formation pathway
During prolonged fasting or low carbohydrate intake, the body starts making new glucose from non-carbohydrate sources like amino acids, lactate, and glycerol.

πŸ› οΈ Non-carbohydrates β†’ Glucose

So even though the names look nearly identical, the functions are completely different:

πŸ“¦ Store glucose
πŸ“€ Release stored glucose
⚑ Break glucose for energy
πŸ› οΈ Create new glucose

That’s why biochemistry feels confusing at first…
half the battle is just decoding the pathway names 🧬

Credit, :@biotech.symposium
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Electrochemistry was born by accident.

On this day in 1800, William Nicholson and Anthony Carlisle stacked 17 silver half-crowns and zinc discs separated by salt-soaked cardboard. They were trying to measure its voltage.

To improve electrical contact with the connecting wire, they placed a drop of water on the top disc. It started bubbling.

They had just split water into hydrogen and oxygen and discovered that electricity could drive chemical reactions.

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