Heart attack
A heart attack, also called a myocardial infarction; occurs when an artery that sends blood and oxygen to the heart is blocked. Fatty, cholesterol-containing deposits build up over time, forming plaques in the heart's arteries. If a plaque ruptures, a blood clot can form. The clot can block arteries, causing a heart attack.
During a heart attack, a lack of blood flow causes the tissue in the heart muscle to die. Prompt treatment is needed for a heart attack to prevent death.
Common heart attack symptoms include:
โข Chest pain that may feel like pressure, tightness, squeezing or aching.
โข Pain or discomfort that spreads to the shoulder, arm, neck, jaw, teeth or sometimes the upper belly.
โข Cold sweat
โข Heartburn
โข Lightheadedness or sudden dizziness
โข Nausea or Shortness of breath
Some heart attacks strike suddenly. But many people have warning signs and symptoms hours, days or weeks in advance.
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A heart attack, also called a myocardial infarction; occurs when an artery that sends blood and oxygen to the heart is blocked. Fatty, cholesterol-containing deposits build up over time, forming plaques in the heart's arteries. If a plaque ruptures, a blood clot can form. The clot can block arteries, causing a heart attack.
During a heart attack, a lack of blood flow causes the tissue in the heart muscle to die. Prompt treatment is needed for a heart attack to prevent death.
Common heart attack symptoms include:
โข Chest pain that may feel like pressure, tightness, squeezing or aching.
โข Pain or discomfort that spreads to the shoulder, arm, neck, jaw, teeth or sometimes the upper belly.
โข Cold sweat
โข Heartburn
โข Lightheadedness or sudden dizziness
โข Nausea or Shortness of breath
Some heart attacks strike suddenly. But many people have warning signs and symptoms hours, days or weeks in advance.
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โค3
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The stomach contents are more acidic than those of the oesophagus. When the stomach contents pass upward into the oesophagus (acid reflux), the acidity begins to erode the lining of the oesophagus, producing the burning sensation associated with heartburn. Some people experience heartburn after eating a large meal that overfills their stomach. Women sometimes get heartburn during pregnancy when the developing foetus pushes the internal organs upward. Pressure applied to the abdominal wall because of obesity also causes heartburn
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The stomach contents are more acidic than those of the oesophagus. When the stomach contents pass upward into the oesophagus (acid reflux), the acidity begins to erode the lining of the oesophagus, producing the burning sensation associated with heartburn.โฆ
GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE (GERD)
๐ฉ๐ฝโ๐ซ Teacher: Drixel Dee
---
Definition ๐ฉบ
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) is a chronic digestive condition where stomach acid repeatedly flows back (refluxes) into the esophagus, causing irritation and inflammation of the esophageal lining.
This happens when the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) becomes weak or relaxes inappropriately ๐ชโฌ๏ธ.
---
Pathophysiology (How it happens) ๐
The LES normally acts like a valve between the stomach and esophagus
When it becomes weak or relaxed, stomach acid moves upward
Acid irritates the esophagus โ causes pain, burning, and damage
Repeated exposure can lead to inflammation, ulcers, or strictures
---
Causes / Risk Factors โ ๏ธ
Weak lower esophageal sphincter
Obesity ๐ง๐ฝโโ๏ธ
Pregnancy ๐คฐ
Smoking ๐ฌ
Alcohol ๐ท
Eating large or late meals ๐๐
Fatty, spicy, or acidic foods ๐ถ๏ธ๐
Hiatal hernia
---
Signs and Symptoms ๐ฅ
Common symptoms include:
Heartburn (burning chest pain) โค๏ธโ๐ฅ
Acid regurgitation (sour/bitter taste in mouth) ๐
Chest pain (non-cardiac)
Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia)
Chronic cough or sore throat ๐ท
Hoarseness of voice
Nausea ๐คข
---
Complications ๐จ
If untreated, GERD may lead to:
Esophagitis (inflammation of the esophagus)
Esophageal ulcers
Esophageal stricture (narrowing)
Barrettโs esophagus (precancerous condition) โ ๏ธ
---
Diagnosis ๐งช
GERD may be diagnosed using:
Patient history and symptoms
Upper GI endoscopy ๐ท
Esophageal pH monitoring
Barium swallow X-ray
---
Management / Treatment ๐
Lifestyle Modifications ๐ฅ
Eat small, frequent meals
Avoid spicy, fatty, and acidic foods
Do not lie down immediately after eating ๐โ
Elevate head of bed โฌ๏ธ
Lose weight if overweight
Stop smoking and alcohol
---
Medications ๐
Antacids (e.g., magnesium hydroxide)
Hโ receptor blockers (e.g., ranitidine)
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) like omeprazole ๐
---
Surgical Management (Severe cases) ๐ฅ
Fundoplication surgery to strengthen the LES
---
Nursing Role ๐ง๐ฝโโ๏ธ
Assess pain and symptoms regularly
Educate patient on diet and lifestyle changes ๐
Administer medications as prescribed
Encourage adherence to treatment
Monitor for complications
---
Conclusion โจ
GERD is a common but manageable condition. With proper lifestyle changes, medications, and patient education, symptoms can be controlled and complications prevented ๐.
---
๐ฉ๐ฝโ๐ซ Teacher: Drixel Dee
---
Definition ๐ฉบ
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) is a chronic digestive condition where stomach acid repeatedly flows back (refluxes) into the esophagus, causing irritation and inflammation of the esophageal lining.
This happens when the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) becomes weak or relaxes inappropriately ๐ชโฌ๏ธ.
---
Pathophysiology (How it happens) ๐
The LES normally acts like a valve between the stomach and esophagus
When it becomes weak or relaxed, stomach acid moves upward
Acid irritates the esophagus โ causes pain, burning, and damage
Repeated exposure can lead to inflammation, ulcers, or strictures
---
Causes / Risk Factors โ ๏ธ
Weak lower esophageal sphincter
Obesity ๐ง๐ฝโโ๏ธ
Pregnancy ๐คฐ
Smoking ๐ฌ
Alcohol ๐ท
Eating large or late meals ๐๐
Fatty, spicy, or acidic foods ๐ถ๏ธ๐
Hiatal hernia
---
Signs and Symptoms ๐ฅ
Common symptoms include:
Heartburn (burning chest pain) โค๏ธโ๐ฅ
Acid regurgitation (sour/bitter taste in mouth) ๐
Chest pain (non-cardiac)
Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia)
Chronic cough or sore throat ๐ท
Hoarseness of voice
Nausea ๐คข
---
Complications ๐จ
If untreated, GERD may lead to:
Esophagitis (inflammation of the esophagus)
Esophageal ulcers
Esophageal stricture (narrowing)
Barrettโs esophagus (precancerous condition) โ ๏ธ
---
Diagnosis ๐งช
GERD may be diagnosed using:
Patient history and symptoms
Upper GI endoscopy ๐ท
Esophageal pH monitoring
Barium swallow X-ray
---
Management / Treatment ๐
Lifestyle Modifications ๐ฅ
Eat small, frequent meals
Avoid spicy, fatty, and acidic foods
Do not lie down immediately after eating ๐โ
Elevate head of bed โฌ๏ธ
Lose weight if overweight
Stop smoking and alcohol
---
Medications ๐
Antacids (e.g., magnesium hydroxide)
Hโ receptor blockers (e.g., ranitidine)
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) like omeprazole ๐
---
Surgical Management (Severe cases) ๐ฅ
Fundoplication surgery to strengthen the LES
---
Nursing Role ๐ง๐ฝโโ๏ธ
Assess pain and symptoms regularly
Educate patient on diet and lifestyle changes ๐
Administer medications as prescribed
Encourage adherence to treatment
Monitor for complications
---
Conclusion โจ
GERD is a common but manageable condition. With proper lifestyle changes, medications, and patient education, symptoms can be controlled and complications prevented ๐.
---
โค1
โค2
๐ฆ๐๐๐๐ก๐๐ ๐๐๐
Which one will fall first when both are cut at the same time? ๐ค
Can you tell why you think your answer is right ?๐โบ๏ธ
๐ฆ๐๐๐๐ก๐๐ ๐๐๐
Which one will fall first when both are cut at the same time? ๐ค
Yeahh so those who chose Ball B are right ๐โ
Ball B is attached by a string, so when the string is cut, it immediately goes to freefall with an initial downward acceleration of gravity, but
Ball A is attached by a spring, which is stretched due to the weight of the ball. When the spring is cut, the spring force immediately pulls the ball upward, that will delay its downward acceleration relative to ball B.
Ball A is attached by a spring, which is stretched due to the weight of the ball. When the spring is cut, the spring force immediately pulls the ball upward, that will delay its downward acceleration relative to ball B.
๐2
๐ฆ๐๐๐๐ก๐๐ ๐๐๐
Heart attack A heart attack, also called a myocardial infarction; occurs when an artery that sends blood and oxygen to the heart is blocked. Fatty, cholesterol-containing deposits build up over time, forming plaques in the heart's arteries. If a plaque rupturesโฆ
Here are some myths and facts regarding heart attacks.
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#GenesisScienceInitiative
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#GenesisScienceInitiative
Genesis Science Initiative | Faith Inspires Knowledge ๐ฅ๐ช
๐ฆ๐๐๐๐ก๐๐ ๐๐๐
Here are some myths and facts regarding heart attacks. @edsciencelab #GenesisScienceInitiative Genesis Science Initiative | Faith Inspires Knowledge ๐ฅ๐ช
๐ฎโ๐จ๐ฅ
Please kindly share with someone. Thank you.
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#GenesisScienceInitiative
Please kindly share with someone. Thank you.
@edsciencelab
#GenesisScienceInitiative
Genesis Science Initiative | Faith Inspires Knowledge ๐ฅ๐ช
When the Pythagorean Theorem just isn't cutting anymore, mathematicians pull out the big guns
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