This Thursday: ( vocabulary)
https://t.me/echfle/408
Material: Essential words for the TOEFL.
https://t.me/echfle/428
The second half of Lesson number 8.

Some people will never support you because they are afraid of what you might become in the future.
💯💯💯

"It's good to choose the people in our lives in a way that doesn't change our opinion about all people later on."
💯✅🖤🤍

Saturday: Grammar
https://t.me/echfle/408
Lesson: 18th
Past perfect tense.

The past perfect tense is a verb tense used to indicate that an action was completed before another action took place in the past. It helps to establish a clear sequence of events and is often used in storytelling or when providing background information.

▎Formation

The past perfect tense is formed using the auxiliary verb "had" followed by the past participle of the main verb.

Structure:
• Affirmative: Subject + had + past participle
  – Example: She had finished her homework before dinner.

• Negative: Subject + had not (hadn't) + past participle
  – Example: They had not seen that movie before last night.

• Interrogative: Had + subject + past participle?
  – Example: Had you visited Paris before your trip to Europe?

▎Uses

1. To show an action completed before another action in the past:
   – Example: By the time we arrived, the concert had already started.

2. To express a condition in the past that did not happen:
   – Example: If I had known about the meeting, I would have attended.

3. To provide background information or context:
   – Example: She was tired because she had worked all day.

4. In reported speech when referring to something that happened before the reporting:
   – Example: He said he had finished the project.

▎Time Expressions

Common time expressions used with the past perfect tense include:
• Before
• After
• By the time
• When
• Until
• Already
• Just

▎Examples

1. Affirmative:
   – They had traveled to several countries before they moved to Canada.

2. Negative:
   – He hadn’t eaten breakfast before leaving for work.

3. Interrogative:
   – Had she ever been to a concert before last summer?

▎Summary

The past perfect tense is a crucial aspect of English grammar that allows speakers to clarify the timing of actions and events in relation to each other. It provides a way to express completed actions in the past and is particularly useful for creating a coherent narrative. Understanding its structure and usage can greatly enhance both written and spoken communication.

1. What is the past perfect tense?
2. How do you form the past perfect tense?
3. When should I use the past perfect tense?
4. Can you give an example of the past perfect tense in a sentence?
5. What are some common time expressions used with the past perfect tense?
6. Is the past perfect tense used in spoken English?
7. How does the past perfect tense differ from the simple past tense?
8. Can I use the past perfect tense without a second action in the past?
9. What is the difference between "had eaten" and "had been eating"?
10. Can you use the past perfect tense with modal verbs?

Sunday: Reading
https://t.me/echfle/408
Material: Rich Dad Poor Dad
https://t.me/echfle/449

📺  این اصطلاحات رو امکان نداره توی فیلم‌ها نبینی😎👇

✅ Get off my back.
دست از سرم بردار
✅ Don’t flatter yourself.
خودتو لوس نکن
✅ Dream on.
به همین خیال باش
✅ It is what it is.
همینه که هست
✅ Count me out.
رو من حساب نکن

https://t.me/echfle

https://t.me/+3C09FVeZtlFiZjVl

لینک گروپ محاوره

Monday: Writing
https://t.me/echfle/408
Lesson:  13th ( Narrative paragraphs)

Lesson: 13th
Narrative paragraphs.

Narrative paragraphs are a fundamental component of writing that focuses on telling a story or recounting events. They can be found in various forms of literature, essays, and personal reflections. Here’s a comprehensive overview of narrative paragraphs:

▎Definition

A narrative paragraph is a group of sentences that tells a story or describes an event. It includes elements such as characters, a setting, a plot, and a point of view.

▎Key Elements of Narrative Paragraphs

1. Characters: The individuals involved in the story. They can be people, animals, or even inanimate objects that take on human traits.

2. Setting: The time and place where the story occurs. This can include physical locations, time periods, and social contexts.

3. Plot: The sequence of events that make up the story. This typically includes:
   – Exposition: Introduction of characters and setting.
   – Rising Action: Development of conflict or tension.
   – Climax: The turning point or most intense moment.
   – Falling Action: Events that follow the climax leading towards resolution.
   – Resolution: Conclusion where conflicts are resolved.

4. Point of View: The perspective from which the story is told (e.g., first-person, third-person).

5. Conflict: The central struggle between opposing forces, which drives the narrative forward.

6. Theme: The underlying message or main idea of the narrative.

▎Structure

While narrative paragraphs can vary in length and complexity, they generally follow a structured approach:

• Topic Sentence: Introduces the main idea or event of the paragraph.
• Supporting Sentences: Elaborate on the topic, providing details about characters, setting, and plot development.
• Concluding Sentence: Wraps up the narrative and may provide a reflection or insight related to the events described.

▎Characteristics

• Descriptive Language: Narrative paragraphs often employ vivid descriptions to engage the reader’s senses and create a more immersive experience.
• Chronological Order: Events are usually presented in the order they occur, although flashbacks or non-linear storytelling can also be used.
• Emotional Engagement: Good narrative writing evokes emotions and helps readers connect with the characters and events.

▎Purpose

The primary purpose of narrative paragraphs is to tell a story that entertains, informs, or conveys a particular message. They can be used in:
• Fiction (short stories, novels)
• Non-fiction (personal essays, memoirs)
• Creative writing assignments
• Journalism (feature articles)

▎Tips for Writing Effective Narrative Paragraphs

1. Start with a Hook: Grab the reader’s attention from the beginning.
2. Show, Don’t Tell: Use descriptive language to create vivid imagery rather than simply stating facts.
3. Maintain Focus: Keep the narrative focused on a central theme or event to avoid confusion.
4. Use Dialogue: Incorporating dialogue can add depth to characters and make the narrative more engaging.
5. Edit and Revise: Review your paragraph for clarity, coherence, and grammatical accuracy.

▎Example of a Narrative Paragraph

*As the sun dipped below the horizon, casting a golden glow over the quiet village, Sarah felt a mix of excitement and trepidation. Today was the day she would finally confront her childhood fears at the old abandoned house at the end of Willow Lane. With each step, memories flooded back—laughter echoing in the hallways, whispers of ghost stories shared by friends long gone. But as she pushed open the creaky door, darkness enveloped her like a shroud. Heart racing, she stepped inside, determined to uncover the truth behind the legends that had haunted her for years.*

In this example, we see key elements of a narrative paragraph such as setting (the village at sunset), character (Sarah), plot (her confrontation with fear), and emotional engagement (excitement and trepidation).

By understanding these components and characteristics, writers can craft compelling narrative paragraphs that resonate with readers.

What you are looking at is not a disease and it is not a fungus – it is a horrifying biological display of nature. 🐛🥚

This caterpillar is called the "tomato hornworm," and those white cocoons on its back are the larvae of a parasitic wasp known as "braconid." 🪰

The wasp injects its eggs into the caterpillar's body. The larvae hatch from the eggs and eat the caterpillar alive from the inside out, but they avoid consuming its vital organs to keep their host alive…

When they are ready, they chew through its skin, crawl out, and spin silken cocoons around themselves on its back. Eventually, when the wasps mature, they emerge from the cocoons and fly away.

The hornworm remains half-alive but paralyzed in a slow, helpless death… This is the darkest contract of evolution: one life ends to ensure more beginnings.

💡 Of course, this scenario also serves as a natural pest control method. Farmers love these wasps because they eliminate caterpillars that would otherwise ruin tomato and other crops.

چیزی که شما به آن نگاه می‌کنید بیماری نیست و قارچ هم نیست - این یک نمایش ‌وحشتناک بیولوژیکی طبیعت است🐛 🥚

این کرم «کرم شاخ‌دار بادنجان رومی» نام دارد، و آن پیله‌های سفید روی پشتش لاروهای یک زنبور انگلی بنام «براکونید» هستند🪰

زنبور تخم‌های خود را درون بدن کرم تزریق می‌کند. لاروها از تخم بیرون می‌آیند و او را زنده از درون به سمت بیرون می‌خورند، اما از خوردن ارگان‌های حیاتی برای زنده نگه داشتن میزبان خود اجتناب می‌کنند…..

وقتی آماده شدند، پوست او را می‌جوند، بیرون می‌خزند و پیله‌های ابریشمی بدور خود- روی پشتش - می‌تنند و در نهایت که زنبور بالغ شدند، از پیله می‌برآیند و پرواز می‌کنند.

کرم شاخ‌دار نیمه زنده می‌ماند، اما فلج شده در مرگی بطی و درمانده…..
این تاریک‌ترین قرارداد تکامل است: یک زندگی پایان می‌یابد تا آغازهای بیشتری را تضمین کند.

💡 البته این سناریو همچنین یک نحوه کنترول آفات طبیعی است. دهقانان عاشق این زنبورها هستند زیرا آنها کرم‌هایی را که در غیر این صورت محصولات بادنجان رومی وغیره را خراب می‌کنند، از بین می‌برند.