This Thursday: ( vocabulary)
https://t.me/echfle/408
Material: Essential words for the TOEFL.
https://t.me/echfle/428
The second half of Lesson number 7.

Saturday: Grammar
https://t.me/echfle/408
Lesson: 16th
Simple past tense.

The simple past tense is a verb tense used to describe actions that were completed at a specific point in the past. It is commonly used in both spoken and written English. Here’s a comprehensive overview:

▎Formation

1. Regular Verbs: For most regular verbs, the simple past tense is formed by adding -ed to the base form of the verb.

   • Example:

     • Base form: walk

     • Simple past: walked

2. Irregular Verbs: Irregular verbs do not follow a set pattern, and their past forms must be memorized.

   • Examples:

     • Base form: go → Simple past: went

     • Base form: have → Simple past: had

     • Base form: see → Simple past: saw

▎Usage

The simple past tense is used in several contexts:

1. Completed Actions: To indicate that an action was completed in the past.

   • Example: "She visited her grandmother last weekend."

2. Sequential Actions: To describe a series of completed actions in the past.

   • Example: "He finished his homework, went to the park, and met his friends."

3. Duration in the Past: To express an action that lasted for a specific duration in the past.

   • Example: "They lived in Paris for five years."

4. Past Habits: To talk about habits or repeated actions that occurred in the past.

   • Example: "When I was a child, I played outside every day."

5. Past Facts or Generalizations: To state facts or generalizations that were true in the past.

   • Example: "People believed the earth was flat."

▎Structure

1. Affirmative Sentences:

   • Subject + past verb

   • Example: "She cooked dinner."

2. Negative Sentences:

   • Subject + did not + base form of the verb

   • Example: "He did not (didn't) go to the party."

3. Interrogative Sentences:

   • Did + subject + base form of the verb?

   • Example: "Did you see that movie?"

▎Time Expressions

The simple past tense is often used with specific time expressions that indicate when the action took place. Common time expressions include:

• Yesterday

• Last week/month/year

• In 2010

• An hour ago

• Two days ago

▎Examples

1. Affirmative: "I visited my friend yesterday."

2. Negative: "They did not finish their project on time."

3. Interrogative: "Did you enjoy the concert last night?"

▎Summary

The simple past tense is essential for discussing events that have already occurred. Understanding its formation, usage, and structure allows speakers and writers to convey past actions clearly and effectively.

Good morning

Sunday: Reading
https://t.me/echfle/408
Material: Rich Dad Poor Dad
https://t.me/echfle/449

I don't respect those who disrespect me.
If you call it being selfish, I call it self respect.

Monday: Writing
https://t.me/echfle/408
Lesson: 11th ( Paragraph)

Lesson 11th:

Paragraph

A paragraph is a distinct section of writing that typically focuses on a single idea or theme. Here are the key components and characteristics of a well-structured paragraph in English:

▎1. Topic Sentence

   • Definition: The topic sentence is usually the first sentence of the paragraph. It introduces the main idea or point that will be discussed.

   • Purpose: It sets the tone and direction for the rest of the paragraph.

▎2. Supporting Sentences

   • Definition: These sentences provide details, examples, evidence, or explanations that support the main idea presented in the topic sentence.

   • Purpose: They elaborate on the topic and help to clarify or reinforce the main point.

▎3. Concluding Sentence

   • Definition: The concluding sentence wraps up the paragraph by summarizing the main idea or providing a transition to the next paragraph.

   • Purpose: It reinforces the point made and can help guide the reader to the next idea.

▎4. Coherence and Unity

   • Coherence: The sentences within a paragraph should flow logically from one to another. This can be achieved through the use of transitional words and phrases (e.g., furthermore, however, in addition).

   • Unity: All sentences in the paragraph should relate to and support the main idea introduced in the topic sentence.

▎5. Length and Structure

   • Length: A paragraph can vary in length but is typically composed of 3 to 8 sentences. However, it can be longer if necessary.

   • Structure: While paragraphs can be flexible, they often follow a clear structure that includes a topic sentence, supporting sentences, and a concluding sentence.

▎6. Types of Paragraphs

   • Descriptive Paragraphs: Focus on detailing a person, place, thing, or event.

   • Narrative Paragraphs: Tell a story or recount an event.

   • Expository Paragraphs: Explain or inform about a specific topic.

   • Persuasive Paragraphs: Aim to convince the reader of a particular viewpoint.

▎7. Formatting

   • In written English, paragraphs are typically indented at the beginning or separated by a line space. This helps to visually distinguish them from one another.

▎Example of a Paragraph:

Topic Sentence: "Regular exercise is essential for maintaining good health." 
Supporting Sentences: "It helps to control weight, reduces the risk of chronic diseases, and improves mental health. For instance, studies have shown that individuals who engage in physical activity regularly have lower rates of heart disease and diabetes. Additionally, exercise releases endorphins, which can enhance mood and reduce feelings of anxiety." 
Concluding Sentence: "Therefore, incorporating regular physical activity into daily routines can significantly contribute to overall well-being."

In summary, a well-crafted paragraph is essential for effective communication in writing. It should clearly convey a single idea while being coherent and unified throughout its structure.

Tuesday:  listening
https://t.me/echfle/408
Material: English songs or videos

Today's material for listening.

Wednesday: speaking ( voice message about a specific topic)
https://t.me/echfle/408
Topic: free.

Together forever ❤
Their destiny makes them Together and their journey keeps them connected forever.
❤️

This Thursday: ( vocabulary)
https://t.me/echfle/408
Material: Essential words for the TOEFL.
https://t.me/echfle/428
The first half of Lesson number 8.

Saturday: Grammar
https://t.me/echfle/408
Lesson: 17th
Past continues tense.