VI🚩🚩

✅️Preclinical Testing
🎈​Subjects: Experimental animals.

🎈​Aims:
​Test for toxicities (poisonous, cardiovascular, GI, cancer, birth defects).
​Estimate initial drug doses for humans.
​Obtain scientific committee permission to start clinical trials.


​🟢 Phase I Trial
🎈​Core Question: Is it safe?

🎈​Subjects: Rarely > 100 participants, mostly healthy people (to escape permanent harm).
🎈​Aims:
​Find out if the drug is safe rather than effective.
​Determine drug doses for later trials.
​Study metabolism, excretion, and short-term side effects.


​🔵 Phase II Trial
🎈​Core Question: Does it work?

🎈​Subjects: Larger than phase I, up to 200 participants (patients).
🎈​Aims:
​Evaluate efficacy (if it works well enough for phase III).
​Learn more about side effects and how to manage them.
​Determine the best dose to give.


​🟣 Phase III Trials
🎈​Core Question: Is it better?

🎈​Subjects: Thousands of people (patients).
🎈​Aims:
​Compare new treatments with the best currently available treatment (Standard treatment) or a placebo.
​Confirm which treatment works better.


​🟡 Phase IV Trials
🎈​Synonym: Post-marketing studies.
🎈​Timing: Conducted after the drug is approved for market in a country.
🎈​Aims:
​Evaluate long-term safety and safety in hundreds or thousands of people.
​Study how the treatment affects people's quality of life.
​Delineate additional information including drug risks, benefits, and optimal use.

VI🚩🚩

🎈Question: Enumerate the 5 steps of Evidence-Based Practice (EBP).

​Answer:
​Ask: Formulate a clinical question.
​Acquire: Find the best evidence.
​Appraise: Critically appraise the evidence for validity.
​Apply: Integrate evidence with expertise and patient values.
​Evaluate: Evaluate the outcomes.

لي في اول سؤال مقولتش cluster مع انه geographical unit ?


عندي شرطين علشان اقول cluster
اول حاجه انه يكون geographical unit
وتاني حاجه اني اقدر اقيس كل اللي في ال unit دول


اما في حالة ال multi stage sample
عندي geographical unit بس مقدرش اقيس فيها كل ال population فمحتاجه اني اعمل sampling inside sampling

​1. "Homogeneous within, heterogeneous between" is the core feature of:
​A) Cluster
​B) Stratified
​الإجابة: B) Stratified (لأن جوة الطبقة متجانسين).
​2. "Heterogeneous within, homogeneous between" is the core feature of:
​A) Cluster
​B) Stratified
​الإجابة: A) Cluster (لأن جوة الكتل كوكتيل منوع).

مساء الخير عليكم ❤️

دي اهم اسئلة رتن عشان المقالي و الدكتورة بتجيب اسئلة شبها جدا.َ و ركزوا علي جزء
- Study designs
- المسائل
دول اهم حاجة في الرتن

⚡️ ده كان كتاب العملي في دفعتي

🚫 التعديلات
One
Two
Three
Four

🚫 أفكار زيادة عشان الرتن من مراجعة قديمة للدكتورة

امتحان السنة اللي فاتت يادكاترة

امتحان اللائحة القديمة
الإجابات في آخر صفحة

Center tendency =measure of location

Dispersion =spread

بيقيسوا ال numerical وبالذات ال continue وبعبر بال histogram

🚩🚩🚩دكتورة ايمان بتقول
Birth order = ordinal
Birth number = Numerical

A medical student needed 100 patients to complete her research project by tomorrow. Due to a lack of time, she invented the clinical data, symptoms, and outcomes for the remaining 30 patients without actually seeing or enrolling them in the study. This is an example of:
​A) Plagiarism
B) Conflict of interest
C) Fabrication
D) Falsification

A researcher is conducting a study on a new drug. Because the actual lab results did not show a statistically significant p-value, the researcher intentionally changed some of the data points from "15" to "25" to make the drug look effective. This scientific misconduct is known as:
​A) Fabrication
B) Falsification
C) Plagiarism
D) Duplicate submission



C
B

بنزل اسئله مباشره على اللي الدكتور اكدت عليه في الريك

If a dataset is found to be not normally distributed, which descriptive statistics are most appropriate to summarize the data?
​A) Mean and Standard Deviation
​B) Mode and Mid-range
​C) Mean and Interquartile Range (IQR)
​D) Median and Interquartile Range (IQR)
​


What are the globally accepted maximum standard thresholds for Type 1 error (\alpha) and Type 2 error (\beta) respectively?
​A) alpha = 20%, \beta = 5%
​B) alpha = 1%, \beta = 5%
​C) alpha = 5%, \beta = 20%
​D) alpha = 10%, \beta = 30%
​


A public health researcher is assigned to conduct a national vaccination audit across rural sectors. He randomly selects 5 distinct villages out of a governorate and includes every single household within those selected villages into his sample. What is this sampling methodology called?
​A) Cluster sampling
​B) Simple random sampling
​C) Quota sampling
​D) Systematic sampling


A research team wants to implement a specific study design to assess the health demands of a population at a single point in time. Before choosing this design, they must consider its limitations. Which of the following is a major limitation of this study design?
​A) High rate of attrition and loss to follow-up over time
​B) Inability to establish a temporal relationship between exposure and outcome
​C) Severe susceptibility to recall bias regarding past exposures
​D) Extremely high financial cost and prolonged duration



In a statistical analysis of serum cholesterol levels among a cohort of metabolic syndrome patients, the data distribution is found to be heavily skewed to the right (positively skewed). Which of the following mathematical relationships holds true for this distribution?
​A) Mean = Median
​B) Median > Mean
​C) Mean > Median
​D) Mean = Mode


While evaluating a skewed dataset, a statistics student introduces a highly extreme outlier value (extreme skewed value) into the sample. Which of the following summary metrics will experience the greatest distortion due to this outlier?
​A) Median
​B) Mode
​C) Mean
​D) Interquartile Range


If a researcher intends to improve the precision of his parameter estimation and subsequently make the width of his 95% Confidence Interval narrower, which of the following modifications should he implement?
​A) Decrease the sample size (N)
​B) Increase the sample size (N)
​C) Increase the allowable alpha level (\alpha)
​D) Use the Standard Deviation instead of the Standard Error




​

D
​C
​A
​B
​C
​C
​B

تذكرة💜
الدرجة الحلوة مش شطارة.. ده توفيق وكرم، والدرجة اللي بتروح في نظرنا المحدود هي عين الكرم في غيب الله .

مساء الخير عليكم ❤️
دي اهم اسئلة الرتن علي اغلب المنهج و ان شاء الله تسهل عليكم

🚫 فيها اللي جه قبل كده كله حتي الان

⚡️ باقي المواضيع قريب

A

توضيح لها

🚩Which of the following is characteristic of persons with paranoid personality disorder?

A. Obsession

B Psychotic behavior

C. Litigiousness

D. Anxiety


C
شخص paranoid بيؤمن بنظرية المؤامره conspiracy theory
فيلجأ انه يقدم شكاوى كتير لاسباب ومؤامرات في خياله
الدكتور قال المعلومه في ريك السنه اللي فاتت

📮🤍 | قال النبي ﷺ :

"مَن غَسَّل يوم الجمعة واغْتَسَل، وبَكَّر وابْتَكَر، ومشى ولم يركب، ودَنا مِن الإمام فاسْتمع ولم يَلْغُ كان له بكل خُطوة عمل سنة أجرُ صيامِها وقيامِها".

اللَهُمَّ صل وَسلِم عَلى نبِيِّنَا مُحَمَّـد ﷺ

مساء الخير عليكم ❤️❤️

ده باقي الرتن اللي فاضل للسيكاتري

في جزء symtomatology
هتلاقي الكلام شرح علي بعضه عشان كله مهم رتن معاكم
ممكن يقولك discuss اي نوع عادي

Note

Disorentation in dementia

Confusion in delirium

Disorentation is not Confusion

Patient may be fully conscious but Disorentated