سورة الكهف 💛

- القارئ: عبدالله الموسى.

متنسوش تبصوا على التعديلات

مساء الخير عليكم ❤️

بالسنة لي research
ملوش مذكرة نوتس هنزلكم بكره اسئلة رتن من كتاب القسم قي دفعتي الدكتورة بتجيب منهم او شبهم

و فيه مذكرة اسئلة و موجود هنا

VI🚩🚩

Research misconduct :
✅️fabrication =making up data or results
✅️falsification = manipulation or changing data
✅️plagiarism=Using other's idea or words without giving proper credit
✅️Deliberate interference= intentionally harming other's work or data

Validity → Accuracy 🎯
Reliability → Consistency 🔄

VI🚩🚩

A researcher proposed a study
question, but the department council rejected it because it was boring, repeated, and offered no practical interest to society or field experts. Which of the following FINER criteria did this research idea fail to meet?
A) Feasible
B) Interesting
C) Ethical
D) Relevant

B✅️

When a research question is able to "lead to real and visible changes in the clinical practice" and relates to current medical field needs, it satisfies which FINER criterion?
A) Interesting
B) Novel
C) Feasible
D) Relevant

​Answer: D) Relevant✅️


The FINER framework represents the criteria of a good research idea. It includes all of the following EXCEPT:
A) Feasible
B) Novel
C) Economical
D) Relevant
​Answer: C) Economical✅️

According to the FINER criteria, a research question is considered "Ethical" if it does not cause harm or violate the principles set by the:
A) Nuremberg Code only
B) Belmont Report only
C) Declaration of Helsinki
D) Expert opinions
​Answer: C) Declaration of Helsinki✅️

medical student wants to conduct a clinical trial on a new drug, but realizes they do not have enough money, equipment, or the required expertise to finish the study. Which criterion of the FINER framework is lacking here?
A) Interesting
B) Feasible
C) Ethical
D) Relevant
​Answer: B) Feasible✅️


​لو لقيت في السؤال (Money/Time/Resources/Expertise) -> اختار Feasible.
​لو لقيت (Gap of knowledge/New idea) -> اختار Novel.
​لو لقيت (Clinical practice/Clinical needs) -> اختار Relevant.
​لو لقيت (Declaration of Helsinki/Not harmful) -> اختار Ethical

اقراها سريعا 🚩🚩

​🟢 1. دراسة الـ Cohort Study

​الكلمات المفتاحية في السؤال: Incidence / Occurrence rate / Follow-up / Prospective / Forward in time.

​المؤشر الحسابي الخاص بها: Relative Risk (RR).

​الفكرة الأساسية: بتبدأ بناس أصحاء تماماً وتتابعهم في المستقبل (Follow-up) لتشوف مين هيظهر عليه المرض (حالات جديدة).


​🔵 2. دراسة الـ Case-Control Study
​الكلمات المفتاحية في السؤال: Rare disease (الخيار الأفضل للأمراض النادرة) / Backward in time / Retrospective.

​المؤشر الحسابي الخاص بها: Odds Ratio (OR).

​الفكرة الأساسية: بتبدأ بالمرضى (Cases) وتجيب قصادهم ناس سلام (Controls)، وترجع بالزمن لورا لتشوف تاريخهم مع الـ Exposure.


​🟡 3. دراسة الـ Cross-sectional Study
​الكلمات المفتاحية في السؤال: Prevalence / "Snapshot" / Point in time / Survey أو Questionnaire.

​المؤشر الحسابي الخاص بها: Prevalence Ratio.

​الفكرة الأساسية: لقطة كاميرا في لحظة واحدة؛ بتنزل تقيس الـ Exposure والـ Disease مع بعض في نفس الوقت بدون أي متابعة أو رجوع للماضي.

VI🚩🚩

✅️Preclinical Testing
🎈​Subjects: Experimental animals.

🎈​Aims:
​Test for toxicities (poisonous, cardiovascular, GI, cancer, birth defects).
​Estimate initial drug doses for humans.
​Obtain scientific committee permission to start clinical trials.


​🟢 Phase I Trial
🎈​Core Question: Is it safe?

🎈​Subjects: Rarely > 100 participants, mostly healthy people (to escape permanent harm).
🎈​Aims:
​Find out if the drug is safe rather than effective.
​Determine drug doses for later trials.
​Study metabolism, excretion, and short-term side effects.


​🔵 Phase II Trial
🎈​Core Question: Does it work?

🎈​Subjects: Larger than phase I, up to 200 participants (patients).
🎈​Aims:
​Evaluate efficacy (if it works well enough for phase III).
​Learn more about side effects and how to manage them.
​Determine the best dose to give.


​🟣 Phase III Trials
🎈​Core Question: Is it better?

🎈​Subjects: Thousands of people (patients).
🎈​Aims:
​Compare new treatments with the best currently available treatment (Standard treatment) or a placebo.
​Confirm which treatment works better.


​🟡 Phase IV Trials
🎈​Synonym: Post-marketing studies.
🎈​Timing: Conducted after the drug is approved for market in a country.
🎈​Aims:
​Evaluate long-term safety and safety in hundreds or thousands of people.
​Study how the treatment affects people's quality of life.
​Delineate additional information including drug risks, benefits, and optimal use.

VI🚩🚩

🎈Question: Enumerate the 5 steps of Evidence-Based Practice (EBP).

​Answer:
​Ask: Formulate a clinical question.
​Acquire: Find the best evidence.
​Appraise: Critically appraise the evidence for validity.
​Apply: Integrate evidence with expertise and patient values.
​Evaluate: Evaluate the outcomes.

لي في اول سؤال مقولتش cluster مع انه geographical unit ?


عندي شرطين علشان اقول cluster
اول حاجه انه يكون geographical unit
وتاني حاجه اني اقدر اقيس كل اللي في ال unit دول


اما في حالة ال multi stage sample
عندي geographical unit بس مقدرش اقيس فيها كل ال population فمحتاجه اني اعمل sampling inside sampling

​1. "Homogeneous within, heterogeneous between" is the core feature of:
​A) Cluster
​B) Stratified
​الإجابة: B) Stratified (لأن جوة الطبقة متجانسين).
​2. "Heterogeneous within, homogeneous between" is the core feature of:
​A) Cluster
​B) Stratified
​الإجابة: A) Cluster (لأن جوة الكتل كوكتيل منوع).

مساء الخير عليكم ❤️

دي اهم اسئلة رتن عشان المقالي و الدكتورة بتجيب اسئلة شبها جدا.َ و ركزوا علي جزء
- Study designs
- المسائل
دول اهم حاجة في الرتن

⚡️ ده كان كتاب العملي في دفعتي

🚫 التعديلات
One
Two
Three
Four

🚫 أفكار زيادة عشان الرتن من مراجعة قديمة للدكتورة

امتحان السنة اللي فاتت يادكاترة

امتحان اللائحة القديمة
الإجابات في آخر صفحة

Center tendency =measure of location

Dispersion =spread

بيقيسوا ال numerical وبالذات ال continue وبعبر بال histogram

🚩🚩🚩دكتورة ايمان بتقول
Birth order = ordinal
Birth number = Numerical

A medical student needed 100 patients to complete her research project by tomorrow. Due to a lack of time, she invented the clinical data, symptoms, and outcomes for the remaining 30 patients without actually seeing or enrolling them in the study. This is an example of:
​A) Plagiarism
B) Conflict of interest
C) Fabrication
D) Falsification

A researcher is conducting a study on a new drug. Because the actual lab results did not show a statistically significant p-value, the researcher intentionally changed some of the data points from "15" to "25" to make the drug look effective. This scientific misconduct is known as:
​A) Fabrication
B) Falsification
C) Plagiarism
D) Duplicate submission



C
B

بنزل اسئله مباشره على اللي الدكتور اكدت عليه في الريك

If a dataset is found to be not normally distributed, which descriptive statistics are most appropriate to summarize the data?
​A) Mean and Standard Deviation
​B) Mode and Mid-range
​C) Mean and Interquartile Range (IQR)
​D) Median and Interquartile Range (IQR)
​


What are the globally accepted maximum standard thresholds for Type 1 error (\alpha) and Type 2 error (\beta) respectively?
​A) alpha = 20%, \beta = 5%
​B) alpha = 1%, \beta = 5%
​C) alpha = 5%, \beta = 20%
​D) alpha = 10%, \beta = 30%
​


A public health researcher is assigned to conduct a national vaccination audit across rural sectors. He randomly selects 5 distinct villages out of a governorate and includes every single household within those selected villages into his sample. What is this sampling methodology called?
​A) Cluster sampling
​B) Simple random sampling
​C) Quota sampling
​D) Systematic sampling


A research team wants to implement a specific study design to assess the health demands of a population at a single point in time. Before choosing this design, they must consider its limitations. Which of the following is a major limitation of this study design?
​A) High rate of attrition and loss to follow-up over time
​B) Inability to establish a temporal relationship between exposure and outcome
​C) Severe susceptibility to recall bias regarding past exposures
​D) Extremely high financial cost and prolonged duration



In a statistical analysis of serum cholesterol levels among a cohort of metabolic syndrome patients, the data distribution is found to be heavily skewed to the right (positively skewed). Which of the following mathematical relationships holds true for this distribution?
​A) Mean = Median
​B) Median > Mean
​C) Mean > Median
​D) Mean = Mode


While evaluating a skewed dataset, a statistics student introduces a highly extreme outlier value (extreme skewed value) into the sample. Which of the following summary metrics will experience the greatest distortion due to this outlier?
​A) Median
​B) Mode
​C) Mean
​D) Interquartile Range


If a researcher intends to improve the precision of his parameter estimation and subsequently make the width of his 95% Confidence Interval narrower, which of the following modifications should he implement?
​A) Decrease the sample size (N)
​B) Increase the sample size (N)
​C) Increase the allowable alpha level (\alpha)
​D) Use the Standard Deviation instead of the Standard Error




​

D
​C
​A
​B
​C
​C
​B