Audio
المختصر المفيد في محاضرة البارا السابعه ❤️
بحب انبهكم اني شرحت الجزء الي الدكتورة قالت عليه اقرؤوه وكده كده هيتشرح تاني في المحاضرة القادمه ان شاء الله
بحب انبهكم اني شرحت الجزء الي الدكتورة قالت عليه اقرؤوه وكده كده هيتشرح تاني في المحاضرة القادمه ان شاء الله
🥀¦ الحمد لله
🥰6
📌 Important Notes – Diphtheria
🔹 Causative agent
Corynebacterium diphtheriae (Gram +ve, club-shaped bacillus).
Pathogenicity depends on diphtheria exotoxin (inhibits protein synthesis ).
---
🔹 Clinical types
1. Tonsillar/Pharyngeal diphtheria (commonest)
Grayish-white pseudomembrane (firmly adherent, bleeds on removal).
Sore throat, dysphagia, fever.
Severe toxemia → myocarditis, neuritis.
2.“Bull neck” due to cervical lymphadenitis + edema.
May cause airway obstruction.
3. Extra-tonsillar diphtheria
Skin ulcers with gray membrane.
Rare sites: conjunctiva, cornea, ear, vagina.
Usually associated with severe toxemia.
---
🔹 Diagnosis
Direct smear: Gram +ve bacilli with metachromatic granules .
Culture: on Löffler’s medium or tellurite agar.
Elek’s test → detects toxin production.
---
🔹 Treatment
Diphtheria antitoxin (don’t wait for culture).
Antibiotics: Erythromycin or Penicillin.
---
🔹 Prevention
DPT vaccine (Diphtheria toxoid) as part of childhood immunization.
Booster doses :year later, school age:
......
📌 Important Notes – Anthrax .
🔹 Causative agent
Bacillus anthracis
Gram +ve, large rod, spore-forming, non-motile.
Capsule = poly-D-glutamate (unique, protein not polysaccharide).
---
🔹 Virulence factors
Exotoxin = 3 components:
Protective antigen (PA) → entry of toxins.
Lethal factor (LF) → zinc metalloprotease → cell death, shock.
Edema factor (EF) → adenylate cyclase → ↑cAMP → edema.
Capsule → inhibits phagocytosis.
---
🔹 Clinical forms
1. Cutaneous anthrax (95%)
Painless ulcer with black eschar.
.
2. Pulmonary anthrax (Woolsorter’s disease)
Severe hemorrhagic mediastinitis.
Dyspnea, widened mediastinum on X-ray.
High fatality.
3. Gastrointestinal anthrax
From contaminated meat.
Severe toxemia, bloody diarrhea.
---
🔹 Diagnosis
Microscopy: Gram +ve bacilli in chains (, bamboo stick appearance).
Culture blood agar : non-hemolytic colonies with Medusa head appearance.
PCR / ELISA for toxin genes.
---
🔹 Treatment
First line = Ciprofloxacin or Doxycycline , penicillin, levofloxacin
Antitoxin> monoclonal antibody that bind protective antigen, prevent toxin formation and enter.
---
📌 Bacillus cereus – Imp Notes
G+ve, spore-forming, aerobic rod.
Food poisoning (toxins):
Emetic type: heat-stable toxin, 4h , vomiting (fried rice 🍚).
Similar to staphylococcus food poisoning
Diarrheal type: heat-labile toxin, 18 h, watery diarrhea , similar to clostridium gastroenteritis
Treatment: supportive
🔹 Causative agent
Corynebacterium diphtheriae (Gram +ve, club-shaped bacillus).
Pathogenicity depends on diphtheria exotoxin (inhibits protein synthesis ).
---
🔹 Clinical types
1. Tonsillar/Pharyngeal diphtheria (commonest)
Grayish-white pseudomembrane (firmly adherent, bleeds on removal).
Sore throat, dysphagia, fever.
Severe toxemia → myocarditis, neuritis.
2.“Bull neck” due to cervical lymphadenitis + edema.
May cause airway obstruction.
3. Extra-tonsillar diphtheria
Skin ulcers with gray membrane.
Rare sites: conjunctiva, cornea, ear, vagina.
Usually associated with severe toxemia.
---
🔹 Diagnosis
Direct smear: Gram +ve bacilli with metachromatic granules .
Culture: on Löffler’s medium or tellurite agar.
Elek’s test → detects toxin production.
---
🔹 Treatment
Diphtheria antitoxin (don’t wait for culture).
Antibiotics: Erythromycin or Penicillin.
---
🔹 Prevention
DPT vaccine (Diphtheria toxoid) as part of childhood immunization.
Booster doses :year later, school age:
......
📌 Important Notes – Anthrax .
🔹 Causative agent
Bacillus anthracis
Gram +ve, large rod, spore-forming, non-motile.
Capsule = poly-D-glutamate (unique, protein not polysaccharide).
---
🔹 Virulence factors
Exotoxin = 3 components:
Protective antigen (PA) → entry of toxins.
Lethal factor (LF) → zinc metalloprotease → cell death, shock.
Edema factor (EF) → adenylate cyclase → ↑cAMP → edema.
Capsule → inhibits phagocytosis.
---
🔹 Clinical forms
1. Cutaneous anthrax (95%)
Painless ulcer with black eschar.
.
2. Pulmonary anthrax (Woolsorter’s disease)
Severe hemorrhagic mediastinitis.
Dyspnea, widened mediastinum on X-ray.
High fatality.
3. Gastrointestinal anthrax
From contaminated meat.
Severe toxemia, bloody diarrhea.
---
🔹 Diagnosis
Microscopy: Gram +ve bacilli in chains (, bamboo stick appearance).
Culture blood agar : non-hemolytic colonies with Medusa head appearance.
PCR / ELISA for toxin genes.
---
🔹 Treatment
First line = Ciprofloxacin or Doxycycline , penicillin, levofloxacin
Antitoxin> monoclonal antibody that bind protective antigen, prevent toxin formation and enter.
---
📌 Bacillus cereus – Imp Notes
G+ve, spore-forming, aerobic rod.
Food poisoning (toxins):
Emetic type: heat-stable toxin, 4h , vomiting (fried rice 🍚).
Similar to staphylococcus food poisoning
Diarrheal type: heat-labile toxin, 18 h, watery diarrhea , similar to clostridium gastroenteritis
Treatment: supportive
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Audio
اهلا بحبايب المختصر المفيد 🥰❤️
دي محاضرة الميكرو ال11 بكل كلمه قالتها الدكتورة بإذن اللّٰه وبكل زياداتها فيها ، متنسوش بس تزودو الجمله دي لاني نسيت اقولها :
Alcoholic and diabetic are in risk factor of Klebsiella
دي محاضرة الميكرو ال11 بكل كلمه قالتها الدكتورة بإذن اللّٰه وبكل زياداتها فيها ، متنسوش بس تزودو الجمله دي لاني نسيت اقولها :
Alcoholic and diabetic are in risk factor of Klebsiella
🥀 ¦اللهم صل وسلم على نبينا محمد
❤4
Audio
ودي المحاضرة الي ملهاش ريكورد ، إن شاء الله يحبايب المختصر المفيد تقدرو تعتمدو عليها بشكل كامل لاني بإذن اللّٰه قلت فيها كل الزيادات وكل الأجزاء الي الدكتورة نبهت عليها ك أسئلة
بالتوفيق يارب ❤️
بالتوفيق يارب ❤️
🥀¦ لا حول ولا قوة الا بالله
❤🔥11
محاضرة_بارا_٦_والجزء_الأول_من_من_٧_Echinoccocus_.pdf
2.7 MB
مساء الخير عليكم ❤️
المحاضرة رقم ٦ و اول جزء في المحاضرة رقم ٧ في البارا من د يمني
المحاضرة رقم ٦ و اول جزء في المحاضرة رقم ٧ في البارا من د يمني
❤3
Forwarded from Easy module 3rd year
📮🤍 | قال النبي ﷺ :
"مَن غَسَّل يوم الجمعة واغْتَسَل، وبَكَّر وابْتَكَر، ومشى ولم يركب، ودَنا مِن الإمام فاسْتمع ولم يَلْغُ كان له بكل خُطوة عمل سنة أجرُ صيامِها وقيامِها".
اللَهُمَّ صل وَسلِم عَلى نبِيِّنَا مُحَمَّـد ﷺ
"مَن غَسَّل يوم الجمعة واغْتَسَل، وبَكَّر وابْتَكَر، ومشى ولم يركب، ودَنا مِن الإمام فاسْتمع ولم يَلْغُ كان له بكل خُطوة عمل سنة أجرُ صيامِها وقيامِها".
اللَهُمَّ صل وَسلِم عَلى نبِيِّنَا مُحَمَّـد ﷺ