override func viewDidLoad() {
    super.viewDidLoad()

    NotificationCenter.default.addObserver(
        self, 
        selector: #selector(handleNotification), 
        name: .someNotification, 
        object: nil
    )
}

@objc func handleNotification(_ notification: Notification) {
    print("Получено уведомление")
}

var cancellable: AnyCancellable?

override func viewWillAppear(_ animated: Bool) {
    super.viewWillAppear(animated)

    cancellable = NotificationCenter.default.publisher(for: .someNotification)
        .sink { _ in
            print("Событие получено")
        }
}

override func viewWillDisappear(_ animated: Bool) {
    super.viewWillDisappear(animated)
    
    NotificationCenter.default.removeObserver(self, name: .someNotification, object: nil)
}

override func viewWillDisappear(_ animated: Bool) {
    super.viewWillDisappear(animated)
    
    cancellable?.cancel()
    cancellable = nil
}

deinit {
    NotificationCenter.default.removeObserver(self)
}

class Person {
    var pet: Pet? 
    deinit { print("Person удалён") }
}

class Pet {
    var owner: Person?
    deinit { print("Pet удалён") }
}

var person: Person? = Person()
var pet: Pet? = Pet()

person?.pet = pet
pet?.owner = person

person = nil
pet = nil

class Person {
    var pet: Pet?
    deinit { print("Person удалён") }
}

class Pet {
    weak var owner: Person? // Слабая ссылка
    deinit { print("Pet удалён") }
}

var person: Person? = Person()
var pet: Pet? = Pet()

person?.pet = pet
pet?.owner = person

person = nil  // "Person удалён"
pet = nil     // "Pet удалён"

class Owner {
    var car: Car?
    deinit { print("Owner удалён") }
}

class Car {
    unowned var owner: Owner // Безвладельческая ссылка
    init(owner: Owner) { self.owner = owner }
    deinit { print("Car удалён") }
}

var owner: Owner? = Owner()
owner?.car = Car(owner: owner!)

owner = nil // "Owner удалён", "Car удалён"

class ViewController {
    var closure: (() -> Void)?
    
    func setup() {
        closure = {
            print(self) // Удерживает self, создавая цикл!
        }
    }

    deinit { print("ViewController удалён") }
}

var vc: ViewController? = ViewController()
vc?.setup()
vc = nil // ❌ "ViewController" НЕ удалится

class Test {
    deinit { print("Test удалён") }
}

var obj: Test? = Test()
obj = nil // Должно напечатать "Test удалён"

func functionA() {
    functionB()
}

func functionB() {
    print("Вызов B")
}

functionA()

func infiniteRecursion() {
    infiniteRecursion() // ❌ Бесконечный вызов
}

struct Stack<T> {
    private var elements: [T] = []

    mutating func push(_ item: T) {
        elements.append(item)
    }

    mutating func pop() -> T? {
        return elements.popLast()
    }
}

var stack = Stack<Int>()
stack.push(10)
stack.push(20)
print(stack.pop()!) // 20

DispatchQueue.global().async {
    print("Фоновый поток")
}
print("Главный поток")

func createPerson() {
    let person = "Иван" // Создаётся в стеке
    print(person)
}

createPerson() // Переменная person удаляется при выходе из функции

import SwiftUI

@Observable
class ViewModel {
    @Published var message: String = "Привет, мир!"
}

struct ContentView: View {
    @StateObject private var viewModel = ViewModel()

    var body: some View {
        VStack {
            Text(viewModel.message)
            Button("Изменить сообщение") {
                viewModel.message = "Привет, SwiftUI!"
            }
        }
    }
}

import SwiftUI

@Observable
class ViewModel {
    @Published var message: String = "Привет, мир!"
}

struct ContentView: View {
    @StateObject private var viewModel = ViewModel()

    var body: some View {
        VStack {
            Text(viewModel.message)
            Button("Изменить сообщение") {
                viewModel.message = "Привет, SwiftUI!"
            }
        }
    }
}

import SwiftUI

@Observable
class ViewModel {
    @Published var message: String = "Привет, мир!"
}

struct ParentView: View {
    @StateObject private var viewModel = ViewModel()

    var body: some View {
        ChildView()
            .environmentObject(viewModel)
    }
}

struct ChildView: View {
    @EnvironmentObject var viewModel: ViewModel

    var body: some View {
        VStack {
            Text(viewModel.message)
            Button("Изменить сообщение") {
                viewModel.message = "Привет, SwiftUI!"
            }
        }
    }
}

let button = UIButton()
button.setTitle("Нажми", for: .normal)
button.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
view.addSubview(button)

NSLayoutConstraint.activate([
    button.centerXAnchor.constraint(equalTo: view.centerXAnchor),
    button.centerYAnchor.constraint(equalTo: view.centerYAnchor)
])

struct ContentView: View {
    var body: some View {
        VStack {
            Text("Привет, SwiftUI!")
                .font(.largeTitle)
            Button("Нажми меня") {
                print("Кнопка нажата")
            }
        }
    }
}

let dict1 = ["name": "Alice", "age": "25"]
let dict2 = ["name": "Alice", "age": "25"]
let dict3 = ["name": "Bob", "age": "30"]

print(dict1 == dict2) // ✅ true (значения одинаковые)
print(dict1 == dict3) // ❌ false (разные значения)

struct User {
    let name: String
}

let dict1 = ["user": User(name: "Alice")]
let dict2 = ["user": User(name: "Alice")]

// Ошибка: Type 'User' does not conform to protocol 'Equatable'
// print(dict1 == dict2)

struct User: Equatable {
    let name: String
}

print(dict1 == dict2) // Теперь работает!

let dict = ["name": "Alice", "age": "25"]

if dict["name"] == "Alice" {
    print("Имя совпадает") // ✅
}

let dict1 = ["name": "Alice", "age": "25"]
let dict2 = ["age": "30", "name": "Alice"]

print(dict1.keys == dict2.keys) // ✅ true (ключи одинаковые)

print(Set(dict1.values) == Set(dict2.values)) // ✅ true (если порядок неважен)

let dict1: [String: Any] = ["name": "Alice", "age": 25]
let dict2: [String: Any] = ["name": "Alice", "age": 25]

// Функция сравнения словарей с `Any`
func areDictionariesEqual(_ dict1: [String: Any], _ dict2: [String: Any]) -> Bool {
    return NSDictionary(dictionary: dict1).isEqual(to: dict2)
}

print(areDictionariesEqual(dict1, dict2)) // ✅ true