Drishti IAS - English (Information & Motivation)

Explanation⬇️
A firewall is a network security device that monitors incoming and outgoing network traffic and permits or blocks data packets based on a set of security rules. The purpose is to establish a barrier between internal network and incoming traffic from external sources (such as the internet) in order to block malicious traffic like viruses and hackers. Hence, statements 1 and 2 are correct.
Firewalls can be either hardware or software or a combination of both. In addition to limiting access to a protected computer and network, a firewall can log all traffic coming into or leaving a network, and can manage remote access to a private network through secure authentication certificates and logins. Hence, statement 3 is correct.
Firewalls primarily help protect against malicious traffic, not against malicious programs (i.e., malware), and may not protect if a malware is accidently installed on the computer. However, using a firewall in conjunction with other protective measures (e.g., antivirus software and safe computing practices) will strengthen resistance to attacks.
Therefore, option (d) is the correct answer.

1.8K viewsDrishti IAS English, 05:38

Explanation⬇️
The correct answer is (c).
An Exchange-Traded Fund (ETF) is a basket of securities that trade on an exchange, just like a stock.
ETF reflects the composition of an Index, like BSE Sensex. Its trading value is based on the Net Asset Value (NAV) of the underlying stocks (such as shares) that it represents.
ETF share prices fluctuate all day as it is bought and sold. This is different from mutual funds that only trade once a day after the market closes.
An ETF can own hundreds or thousands of stocks across various industries, or it could be isolated to one particular industry or sector.
Bond ETFs are a type of ETFs which may include government bonds, corporate bonds, and state and local bonds (municipal bonds).
A bond is an instrument that represents a loan made by an investor to a borrower (typically corporate or government).
Besides being cost efficient, ETFs offer a diversified investment portfolio to investors.
Therefore, option (c) is the correct answer.

1.9K viewsDrishti IAS English, 05:51

Drishti IAS - English (Information & Motivation)

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Explanation⬇️
The ex-post facto research is a kind of research in which the researcher predicts the possible causes behind an effect that has already occurred. Thus, an ex-post facto research can be defined as an empirically based investigation which does not involve the researchers’ direct control over the independent variables because they have already led to effects which can no more be manipulated. Therefore, The correct answer is (c).

1.9K viewsDrishti IAS English, 06:17

Drishti IAS - English (Information & Motivation)