Drishti IAS - English (Information & Motivation)
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Drishti IAS - English (Information & Motivation)
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The correct answer is option (c).
Explanation:
Exponential Growth: An exponential growth results where a population’s per capita (per individual) growth rate stays the same regardless of population size, making the population grow faster and faster as it gets larger. Exponential population growth occurs in an ideal environment where resources are unlimited. In such an environment there will be no competition to place limits on a geometric rate of growth. Initially population growth will be slow as there is a shortage of reproducing individuals that may be widely dispersed. As population numbers increase, the rate of growth similarly increases, resulting in an exponential (J-shaped) curve. This maximal growth rate for a given population is known as its biotic potential. Exponential growth can be seen in populations that are very small or in regions that are newly colonised by a species.
Chaotic Growth: A population pattern that changes radically in time due to small shifts in environmental conditions is considered chaotic. At low growth rates, the population stabilizes rapidly. As the growth rate increases, the population oscillates periodically, and at high growth rates (because they allow/cause overshoots), chaotically.
Logistic Growth: In nature, populations may grow exponentially for some period, but they will ultimately be limited by resource availability. In logistic growth, a population’s per capita growth rate gets smaller and smaller as population size approaches a maximum imposed by limited resources in the environment, known as the carrying capacity. At carrying capacity, because population size is approximately constant, birthrates must equal death rates, and population growth is zero. Logistic growth produces an S-shaped curve.
Therefore, option (c) is the correct answer.