ملاحظات د. خالد ميلاد من المحاضرات، وكل ما أكد عليه في الـ MCQ، بالإضافة إلى تجميعات الدفعات السابقة التي قام بإعطائها📚⤴️.


وهكي وصلنا لملاحظات امتحان آخر مادة في السيم الخامس⚡

موفقين في آخر امتحان، وإن شاء الله يكون مسك الختام، ولا تنسونا من صالح دعواتكم،بالتوفيق والسداد ☠️🧠.

مرحباً بكم مجدداً في قناة Doctors Notes 🩺

بالتزامن مع بداية السمستر السادس، ورغم كل الظروف والتحديات، نجدد التواصل معكم لمواصلة مشاركة الملاحظات الأكاديمية، لتيسير الفهم وتسهيل متابعة المحاضرات.
أتمنى للجميع رحلة موفقة وفصلاً دراسياً حافلاً بالتوفيق والنجاح✨.

PH342💊| المحاضرة الأولى

5-9-2026🗓️..
ملاحظات المحاضرة :

🔴COX-3: Found in the CNS and inhibited selectively by paracetamol (Panadol).

🔴Aspirin (Acetyl Salicylic Acid)➡️ (ASA).MCQ❗❗.

🔴Low dose of aspirin (75-100 mg/day) irreversible inhibit of platelet COX1 and TXA2 formation by platelet.❗❗important ❗❗..,

PT342🫀|المحاضرة الأولى

5-9-2026🗓️..
ملاحظات المحاضرة:

🔴PATHOGENESIS Atherosclerosis ➡️ case قالت الدكتورة يجي ك سيناريو

🔴The following pathologic events:
1. Endothelial cell injury with increased permeability and
leukocytes adhesion.
2. Accumulation of lipoproteins in the arterial wall
(cholesterol and LDL)
3. Platelets adhesion
4. Lipid accumulation within macrophages
5. Smooth muscle cells recruitment by factors released from
platelets, macrophages and endothelium
6. Smooth muscle cells proliferation and production of
extracellular matrix.

⤴️مهم تحفظوهم بالترتيب ،مثلاً تجيب الدكتورة Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis (Chronological Order) وتطلب فقرة معينة مثلاً 4 أو 6 وهكذا..

🔴Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory response of arteries to endothelial injury or dysfunction.

🔴fibrous cap composed of SMCs and collagen bundles.❗جابتها السيم لفات❗..

🔴In descending( ❗not ascending❗) order, the most involved arteries
are:
1. Intraabdominal aorta
2. Coronary arteries
3. Popliteal arteries
4. Internal carotid arteries
5. Vessels of circle of Willis

🔴False aneurysm =psudoaneurysm

MB342🧫|المحاضرة الأولى

5-9-2026🗓️..
ملاحظات المحاضرة:

🔴microb➡️bacteria, virus,fungi
🔴Gram reaction ➡️positiver or negative.

🔴Staphylococcus species are Gram-positive cocci that typically arrange in grape-like clusters on solid agar media. However, seeing them as single cells or in pairs under the microscope , especially in clinical liquid media..

🔴 The catalase test is the primary, reliable test used to differentiate Staphylococcus (catalase-positive) from Streptococcus and Enterococcus (catalase-negative).
🔴Staphylococci ➡️Halophilic (e.g., 10% sodium chloride)➡️This high salt concentration acts as a selective agent in culture media.

🔴Coagulase is a major virulence factor in Staphylococcus aureus. It acts as an adhesin and functions by converting fibrinogen into fibrin, forming a protective clot around the bacteria that protects it from host immune defenses.

🔴Coagulase-positive bacteria (primarily Staphylococcus aureus) are considered more dangerous and severe in causing infections compared to Coagulase-negative bacteria (such as Staphylococcus epidermidis).

🔴Staphylococci➡️high infection dose.
🔴Smooth colonies typically possess a capsule, whereas rough colonies usually lack a capsule.

🔴Toxin-Mediated Diseases:
1. Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS)
2. Food poisoning
3. Toxic shock Syndrome
All of the following is Toxin-Mediated Diseases except ➡️هكي طريقة السؤال

PT342🫀|المحاضرة الثانية

7-9-2026🗓️..
ملاحظات الدكتورة:
_اي disease عنده 2 name يعتبر مهم وموضع سؤال⬇️❗❗..

🔴GIANT CELL =(TEMPORAL) ARTERITIS.

🔴Pulseless disease=TAKAYASU ARTERITIS.

🔴KAWASAKI DISEASE=Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome.

MB342🧫|المحاضرة الثانية

7-9-2026🗓️
ملاحظات المحاضرة:

🔴Classification and General Characteristics of Streptococcus
Streptococcus species are classified into Lancefield groups based on their cell wall C-carbohydrate antigens. In general, across its different species, the genus shares these defining characteristics.➡️تسأل عليه ف الاورال

🔴Meningitis➡️Mortality and severe neurologic deficits are high.


🔴Strict Human Pathogens: Key species such as Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A), and Streptococcus pneumoniae are strict human pathogens that exclusively infect human hosts,not zoonotic.


🔴catarhalis (It is not considered a pyogenic cocci).❗❗

Pharma💊||المحاضرة الثانية
7-9-2026🗓️..
ملاحظات المحاضرة:
🔴NSAIDs including aspirin with selective serotonin reuptake
inhibitor (SSRI) e.g fluoxetine, increases the risk of stomach
bleeding and brain hemorrhage.❗MCQ❗..

🔴Reye’s syndrome➡️Aspirin in some children with viral infection causes encephalopathy and hepatotoxicity..Safest drugs➡️ParacetamolـIbuprofen.

🔴Organ Systems Affected by Reye's Syndrome➡️Renal,liver،brain.

🔴Large doses >5g
- Increases uric acid excretion (Uricosuric effects) and decreases uric acid reabsorbtion ,It can be use for treatment of gout disease.❗MCQ❗..

🔴Toxic doses➡️Metaboic acidosis.

🔴At high dose (Low toxic dose)➡️respiratory alkalosis.

❗MCQ❗.. قالت الدكتورة مرات تعكسهم⬆️



🔴Paracetamol = acetaminophen.❗MCQ❗..


🔴Etoricoxib
• It is a second generation COX-2 selective
inhibitor (highly selective).❗MCQ❗..


🔴Alkalinization of the urine increases the rate of
excretion of free salicylate and its water-soluble
conjugates. ❗important❗..


🔴Small dose (75-100 mg).➡️مهمة ك رقم


🔴Indomethacin➡️Rapidly and almost completely absorbed from GIT after oral ingestion......Undergoes enterohepatic circulation❗MCQ❗..

تم إدراج كامل الملاحظات حتى ما وُصل إليه في آخر محاضرة في كل المواد✅.

المحاضرة الثالثة ||PT342
12-9-2026🗓️
ملاحظات المحاضرة:


🔴GRANULOMATOSIS WITH POLYANGIITIS =WEGNER'S.❗❗.


🔴Crescentic glomerulonephritis➡️prolferation of epithelial cell.

🔴HYPERTENSION➡️❗very important❗..


🔴جدول المقارنة بين الBening hypertension والmalignant hypertension❗❗.
McQ⤴️..


🔴Most pulmonary emboli originate from deep leg vein thrombi,They pass through the right side of the heart into the pulmonary vasculature,maybe cause sudden death.



🔴vascular neoplasm caused by bacteria➡️Bacillary angiomatosis.❗MCQ❗..

عدلوها لarteriolosclerosis❗❗..