🔴dry cracked lips and angular stomatitis indicate➡️Vitamin B deficiency.



🔴Donated blood undergoes screening for blood-borne diseases🩸⬇️:
✨HIV and syphilis.
✨ Hepatitis B and C.




🔴primary use of normal saline solution➡️Normal saline is the ideal type of fluid to be used in the resuscitation of dehydrated, hypovoleimic, and shocked patients.


🔴You want to check the blood clotting factors level in a patient... What is the additive used in the test tube➡️Na citrate.


🔴While giving blood to a patient, you observe signs and symptoms of a transfusion reaction. What is the first immediate action you will perform➡️Stop transfusion and call for help.

🔴the complication of repeated intramuscular injections in the same site➡️Fibrosis and reduced drug absorption.




🔴Which intramuscular injection site is considered safest in infants under 12 months of age➡️Vastus-lateralis region.

🔴What characteristic makes a medication suitable for subcutaneous administration➡️Is administered in small volumes with minimal irritation.

🔴complication of blood extraction➡️Hematoma formation.

🔴 a contraindication for artery puncture➡️ allen test

🔴important to expel the air bubble immediately from an arterial blood sample after collecting blood➡️Prevent over-estimation of PaO2.

🔴Why is it important to give time for full chest recoil in high-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation➡️Help the heart to refill with blood.


🔴Where is the site of correct hand placement in chest compression for adult CPR➡️Lower half of the sternum.

🔴After delivering a shock with an automated external defibrillator, what is the next step to be done➡️Resume chest compression immediately.

🔴When measuring a patient's respiratory rate, what should you do➡️Distract the patient's attention by observing the chest rise while pretending to take the patient's pulse.

🔴the following can lead to falsely elevated blood pressure readings➡️Talking during the measurement.

🔴When measuring the axillary temperature, what is the common mistake that may cause an inaccurate reading➡️The axillary area is wet with sweat.


🔴For a complete history of the present illness, which of the following statements is included➡️Detailed symptom analysis.


🔴A 65-year-old man presented with acute stabbing chest pain. What is the appropriate next question➡️Does the pain radiate anywhere

🔴the best way to begin a clinical interview👩🏻‍⚕️➡️What brought you to the hospital today.


🔴Which of the following is not part of the general inspection during a physical examination➡️Pulse rate .


🔴the following is part of the general inspection during a physical examination⬇️:
⚡Body posture.
⚡Skin color.
⚡Level of consciousness.

🔴If a patient's arm is positioned below the level of the heart during blood pressure measurement, the reading will be➡️Falsely high⚡.


🔴A 58-year-old man complains of calf pain that starts during walking and disappears shortly after resting.
What is the most appropriate description of this pain pattern➡️Pain appearing after a certain distance.


🔴Cool + Pale + Swelling  and pain around site➡️Extravasation.


🔴Warm + Red streak + Cord-like vein➡️Phlebitis.

#pH241 💊:

🔴ملاحظات جزئية النصفي Pharmacokinetics $Pharmacodynimc💊⬇️:


https://t.me/doctorsnote56/42
https://t.me/doctorsnote56/43
https://t.me/doctorsnote56/44
https://t.me/doctorsnote56/71
https://t.me/doctorsnote56/74

🔴ملاحظات الcholinergic💊⬇️:


https://t.me/doctorsnote56/298
https://t.me/doctorsnote56/299
https://t.me/doctorsnote56/300


🔴ملاحظات الAdrenergic💊⬇️:

https://t.me/doctorsnote56/317
https://t.me/doctorsnote56/318
https://t.me/doctorsnote56/319

🔴ملاحظات الAutocoid💊⬇️:
https://t.me/doctorsnote56/327
https://t.me/doctorsnote56/328
https://t.me/doctorsnote56/345
https://t.me/doctorsnote56/346
https://t.me/doctorsnote56/347

🔴ملاحظات الDiuretic💊⬇️:
https://t.me/doctorsnote56/349

🔴ملاحظات الhypertenstion💊⬇️:
https://t.me/doctorsnote56/366

🔴ملاحظات الHeart Faiulre💊⬇️:

https://t.me/doctorsnote56/432
https://t.me/doctorsnote56/433
https://t.me/doctorsnote56/434

السلام عليكم دكاترة ،أن شاء تكونوا توفقتوا في امتحان الskills اليوم ,

هادم ملاحظات الدكاترة ف الفارما 💊للحاجات المهمة ويلي قالوا تجي ف الMcQ لجزئية النصفي والفاينل ،بالنسبة لشابتر الcholinergic نقلاً عن الدكتورة قالت ح يكون عليه 15 السؤال ف الفاينل هو و شابتر الAdrenergic قالت الدكتورة ح تكون الاسئلة فيه "ساهلة "ونفس مستوى النصفي ، وشابتر الDiuretic قالت الدكتورة اقروها بطريقة مقارنات ،وشابتر الAutocoid حاولوا قبل ما تقروا تشوفوا ملاحظاته لأن الدكتورة نبهت ع المهم فيه وقالت التجميعات مهمات ف الAutocoide ف حاولوا تركزوا ع التجميعات فيه، وموفقين ,Good luck 🙌🏻✨.

تجميعة للقوانين💊 :
🔴pH= pKa+Log (non protonated/ protnated).

🔴Bioavailability=AUC oral drug/AUC I.V drug X 100.

🔴Vd=Amount of drug in body/plasma drug concentration.

🔴CL = rate of elimination/C (concn in blood or plasma.

🔴CL = Vd x Kel = Vd x 0.693/t1/2.

🔴t1/2 = 0.693 x Vd/CL.

🔴Amount of drug eliminated = plasma concn xclearance (CL) = CL x [drug].
🔴Therapeutic index (TI) =LD50/ED50.

المسائل يلي جاية قبل كُلها تعويض مباشر ف القانون(وركزوا ف التحويل من ml لL), ما عدا السؤال هذا ،نفس فكرة سؤال النصفي يلي جانا جاي قبل لدفعة مفاضلة 8⤴️✨:

الأدوية يلي جاية في التجميعات للدفعات السابقة ف جزئية النصفي💊:

🔴Phenoxybenzamine is irreversible alpha antagonist.

🔴Nalorphine is Partial agonist.

🔴Metabolism is faster in those who are treated with phenobarbitone.

🔴Na thiopental has a rapid onset and short duration of action due to Redistribution.

🔴B_carbolines are example of inverse agonist .

🔴Adrinaline and histamine are physiological antagonists.

🔴Chloramphenicol decreases the metabolism of Warfarin, leading to bleeding.

🔴Phenobarbitone induces hepatic enzymes, accelerating the clearance of bilirubin in congenital non-hemolytic jaundice.

🔴Omeprazole decreases the metabolism of Tolbutamide, leading to hypoglycemia.

🔴Erythromycin decreases the metabolism of Theophylline, leading to toxicity (tremors).

🔴Clavulanic acid is combined with amoxicillin becauseInactivation of bacterial \beta-lactamases.

🔴Administration of Ascorbic acid can enhance excretion of amphetamine drug.

🔴Lidocaine blocks Na channels.

🔴Probenecid reduces renal tubular secretion of penicillin.

🔴Inhibition of PDE5A by sildenafil increases cGMP.

🔴inverse agonist,-carbolines are inverse agonists at benzodiazepine receptors.

🔴Probenecid decreases excretion of penicillin.

🔴Zileuton is a lipoxygenase inhibitor.

🔴Acetazolamide is Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor.

🔴protozoa⬇️:


https://t.me/doctorsnote56/116

https://t.me/doctorsnote56/117

https://t.me/doctorsnote56/118

https://t.me/doctorsnote56/119

https://t.me/doctorsnote56/120

https://t.me/doctorsnote56/121

https://t.me/doctorsnote56/124

https://t.me/doctorsnote56/125

https://t.me/doctorsnote56/153

https://t.me/doctorsnote56/154

https://t.me/doctorsnote56/155

https://t.me/doctorsnote56/156

https://t.me/doctorsnote56/158

https://t.me/doctorsnote56/159

https://t.me/doctorsnote56/162

🔴Nematode⬇️:

https://t.me/doctorsnote56/287

https://t.me/doctorsnote56/288

https://t.me/doctorsnote56/289

https://t.me/doctorsnote56/290

https://t.me/doctorsnote56/291

https://t.me/doctorsnote56/292

الدكتور عنده حاجات يضيف فيها وينبه عليها ف الmcq وحاط ف كُل شيت ليه سلايد ينبه ع هذا الشئ ف ضروري تشوفوا ملاحظاته ف nematode❗.

🔴Trematode⬇️:

https://t.me/doctorsnote56/310

https://t.me/doctorsnote56/312

https://t.me/doctorsnote56/313

🔴 cestode ⬇️:

https://t.me/doctorsnote56/332

https://t.me/doctorsnote56/333

🔴Arthrobod⬇️:

https://t.me/doctorsnote56/353

https://t.me/doctorsnote56/354

🔴 Molcular techniques:

https://t.me/doctorsnote56/371

🔴immune response to parasite⬇️:

https://t.me/doctorsnote56/374

https://t.me/doctorsnote56/375

السلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته

ملاحظات منهج النظري للبارا بالكامل 🪰⤴️..

موفقين جميعاً يا دكاترة في امتحانكم ما قبل الأخير، وهانت إن شاء الله.. ربي يفتح عليكم وييسر لكم✨..

تجميعة لبعض الحاجات المشتركة ⬇️⚡:

Anemia🙂‍↕️🩸 ➡️ Ancylostoma duodenale, Trichuris trichiura, Diphyllobothrium latum، Fasciola hepatica،Plasmodium falciparum.