Doctor s’ Notes

Forwarded from Doctor s’ Notes (Dania Fathi)

Patho|circulatory disturbances المحاضرة التالثة

🔴Line of demarcation present in Dry gangrene but not present in Wet gangrene.➡️MCQ

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377 viewsDania Fathi, 09:18

Doctor s’ Notes

Forwarded from Doctor s’ Notes (Dania Fathi)

Patho|circulatory disturbances المحاضرة الرابعة

🔴Septic endocarditis is an infective infection of the heart valves and endocardium. It is commonly caused by bacterial infection, especially Staphylococcus species. The bacteria form vegetations on the valves, which can lead to septic thrombi formation.

🔴Gross features of thrombi:
Thrombi are typically dry, firm, and granular in appearance. They are firmly attached to the vessel wall, which is a key feature that helps distinguish them from emboli.
In contrast, emboli are detached intravascular masses that are not attached to the vessel wall. They travel through the bloodstream and can lodge in distant sites, which is why they are described as mobile or free-floating compared to thrombi.

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515 viewsDania Fathi, 09:18

Doctor s’ Notes

ملاحظات الcirculatory disturbances✅.

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670 viewsDania Fathi, 09:19

Doctor s’ Notes

#CS211

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342 viewsDania Fathi, 13:35

Doctor s’ Notes

ملاحظات لجزئية النظري من اسئلة دفعات سابقة 👩🏻‍⚕️⚡⬇️:

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773 viewsDania Fathi, 13:36

Doctor s’ Notes

🔴 the sequence of physical examination➡️Inspection, palpation percussion, auscultation, and assessment of the function👩🏻‍⚕️.

🔴considering a person's past medical/surgical history, important consideration⬇️:

⚡The accuracy of the diagnosis already provided

⚡If the individual has any ongoing problems that are yet to be diagnosed.

⚡ How the individual has been treated for the condition.

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793 viewsDania Fathi, 13:36

Doctor s’ Notes

🔴dry cracked lips and angular stomatitis indicate➡️Vitamin B deficiency.

🔴Donated blood undergoes screening for blood-borne diseases🩸⬇️:
✨HIV and syphilis.
✨ Hepatitis B and C.

🔴primary use of normal saline solution➡️Normal saline is the ideal type of fluid to be used in the resuscitation of dehydrated, hypovoleimic, and shocked patients.

🔴You want to check the blood clotting factors level in a patient... What is the additive used in the test tube➡️Na citrate.

🔴While giving blood to a patient, you observe signs and symptoms of a transfusion reaction. What is the first immediate action you will perform➡️Stop transfusion and call for help.

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766 viewsDania Fathi, 13:36

Doctor s’ Notes

🔴the complication of repeated intramuscular injections in the same site➡️Fibrosis and reduced drug absorption.

🔴Which intramuscular injection site is considered safest in infants under 12 months of age➡️Vastus-lateralis region.

🔴What characteristic makes a medication suitable for subcutaneous administration➡️Is administered in small volumes with minimal irritation.

🔴complication of blood extraction➡️Hematoma formation.

🔴 a contraindication for artery puncture➡️ allen test

🔴important to expel the air bubble immediately from an arterial blood sample after collecting blood➡️Prevent over-estimation of PaO2.

🔴Why is it important to give time for full chest recoil in high-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation➡️Help the heart to refill with blood.

🔴Where is the site of correct hand placement in chest compression for adult CPR➡️Lower half of the sternum.

🔴After delivering a shock with an automated external defibrillator, what is the next step to be done➡️Resume chest compression immediately.

🔴When measuring a patient's respiratory rate, what should you do➡️Distract the patient's attention by observing the chest rise while pretending to take the patient's pulse.

🔴the following can lead to falsely elevated blood pressure readings➡️Talking during the measurement.

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782 viewsDania Fathi, 13:36

Doctor s’ Notes

🔴When measuring the axillary temperature, what is the common mistake that may cause an inaccurate reading➡️The axillary area is wet with sweat.

🔴For a complete history of the present illness, which of the following statements is included➡️Detailed symptom analysis.

🔴A 65-year-old man presented with acute stabbing chest pain. What is the appropriate next question➡️Does the pain radiate anywhere

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809 viewsDania Fathi, 13:36

Doctor s’ Notes

🔴the best way to begin a clinical interview👩🏻‍⚕️➡️What brought you to the hospital today.

🔴Which of the following is not part of the general inspection during a physical examination➡️Pulse rate .

🔴the following is part of the general inspection during a physical examination⬇️:
⚡Body posture.
⚡Skin color.
⚡Level of consciousness.

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864 viewsDania Fathi, 13:36

Doctor s’ Notes

🔴If a patient's arm is positioned below the level of the heart during blood pressure measurement, the reading will be➡️Falsely high⚡.

🔴A 58-year-old man complains of calf pain that starts during walking and disappears shortly after resting.
What is the most appropriate description of this pain pattern➡️Pain appearing after a certain distance.

🔴Cool + Pale + Swelling and pain around site➡️Extravasation.

🔴Warm + Red streak + Cord-like vein➡️Phlebitis.

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899 viewsDania Fathi, 19:57

Doctor s’ Notes

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1.51K viewsDania Fathi, edited 13:04

Doctor s’ Notes

السلام عليكم دكاترة ،أن شاء تكونوا توفقتوا في امتحان الskills اليوم ,

هادم ملاحظات الدكاترة ف الفارما 💊للحاجات المهمة ويلي قالوا تجي ف الMcQ لجزئية النصفي والفاينل ،بالنسبة لشابتر الcholinergic نقلاً عن الدكتورة قالت ح يكون عليه 15 السؤال ف الفاينل هو و شابتر الAdrenergic قالت الدكتورة ح تكون الاسئلة فيه "ساهلة "ونفس مستوى النصفي ، وشابتر الDiuretic قالت الدكتورة اقروها بطريقة مقارنات ،وشابتر الAutocoid حاولوا قبل ما تقروا تشوفوا ملاحظاته لأن الدكتورة نبهت ع المهم فيه وقالت التجميعات مهمات ف الAutocoide ف حاولوا تركزوا ع التجميعات فيه، وموفقين ,Good luck 🙌🏻✨.

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1.08K viewsDania Fathi, edited 13:05

Doctor s’ Notes

تجميعة للقوانين💊 :
🔴pH= pKa+Log (non protonated/ protnated).

🔴Bioavailability=AUC oral drug/AUC I.V drug X 100.

🔴Vd=Amount of drug in body/plasma drug concentration.

🔴CL = rate of elimination/C (concn in blood or plasma.

🔴CL = Vd x Kel = Vd x 0.693/t1/2.

🔴t1/2 = 0.693 x Vd/CL.

🔴Amount of drug eliminated = plasma concn xclearance (CL) = CL x [drug].
🔴Therapeutic index (TI) =LD50/ED50.

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679 viewsDania Fathi, 15:00

Doctor s’ Notes

المسائل يلي جاية قبل كُلها تعويض مباشر ف القانون(وركزوا ف التحويل من ml لL), ما عدا السؤال هذا ،نفس فكرة سؤال النصفي يلي جانا جاي قبل لدفعة مفاضلة 8⤴️✨:

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442 viewsDania Fathi, edited 15:01

Doctor s’ Notes

الأدوية يلي جاية في التجميعات للدفعات السابقة ف جزئية النصفي💊:

🔴Phenoxybenzamine is irreversible alpha antagonist.

🔴Nalorphine is Partial agonist.

🔴Metabolism is faster in those who are treated with phenobarbitone.

🔴Na thiopental has a rapid onset and short duration of action due to Redistribution.

🔴B_carbolines are example of inverse agonist .

🔴Adrinaline and histamine are physiological antagonists.

🔴Chloramphenicol decreases the metabolism of Warfarin, leading to bleeding.

🔴Phenobarbitone induces hepatic enzymes, accelerating the clearance of bilirubin in congenital non-hemolytic jaundice.

🔴Omeprazole decreases the metabolism of Tolbutamide, leading to hypoglycemia.

🔴Erythromycin decreases the metabolism of Theophylline, leading to toxicity (tremors).

🔴Clavulanic acid is combined with amoxicillin becauseInactivation of bacterial \beta-lactamases.

🔴Administration of Ascorbic acid can enhance excretion of amphetamine drug.

🔴Lidocaine blocks Na channels.

🔴Probenecid reduces renal tubular secretion of penicillin.

🔴Inhibition of PDE5A by sildenafil increases cGMP.

🔴inverse agonist,-carbolines are inverse agonists at benzodiazepine receptors.

🔴Probenecid decreases excretion of penicillin.

🔴Zileuton is a lipoxygenase inhibitor.

🔴Acetazolamide is Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor.

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763 viewsDania Fathi, 15:03

Doctor s’ Notes