ملاحظات جزئية الHpertenstion cases✅💊.

قال الدكتور ركزوا أكثر شي ع جزئية الclinical cases ف الإمتحان✨.

Pharma| heart failure Clinical Case 💊🫀:

🔴Common symptoms of left-sided heart failure include dyspnea and orthopnea.
🔴Generalized edema is a common sign of right-sided heart failure.

🔴Angiotensin II contributes to cardiac remodeling and the progression of heart failure. Over time, this can lead to cardiomegaly, resulting in an enlarged heart.

🔴Severe heart failure can lead to metabolic acidosis due to poor tissue perfusion and increased lactic acid production.

🔴In heart failure, congestion can occur throughout the body, and poor blood supply may result in ulcer formation.

🔴left-sided heart failure may eventually lead to right-sided heart failure.

🔴Heart failure may contribute to constipation because the gastrointestinal tract does not function as efficiently as normal due to reduced blood supply.

🔴Digoxin is not a first-line treatment for heart failure. However, it may be used as first line only when heart failure is associated with atrial fibrillation.

🔴ACE inhibitors decrease both preload and afterload, thereby improving cardiac function in patients with heart failure.
🔴The first-line treatment for heart failure includes ,diuretics ,ACE inhibitors, and beta-blockers.

🔴ACE inhibitors are among the most important drugs used in the treatment of heart failure. However, they may not be used in some patients because of contraindications.

🔴Digoxin toxicity is more likely to occur when serum potassium levels are low (hypokalemia) and calcium levels are high (hypercalcemia).
🔴Nitrates reduce preload by causing venodilation, while hydralazine reduces afterload by causing arteriolar dilation. They are used in patients who have contraindications to ACE inhibitors.

🔴In cases of digoxin toxicity caused by hypokalemia, potassium supplements should be administered. If the toxicity is associated with ventricular arrhythmias, lidocaine may be used as an antiarrhythmic treatment.❗(MCQ)❗

🔴Digoxin is used in patients with atrial fibrillation and heart failure to control ventricular rate and improve cardiac function.

🔴In digoxin toxicity

⭕gastrointestinal symptoms may occur, including nausea, anorexia, vomiting, and constipation. Visual disturbances such as color perception changes can also appear. In these cases, the drug should be discontinued.


⭕If ventricular arrhythmias develop, lidocaine may be used as an antiarrhythmic agent.

⭕For supraventricular tachycardia, propranolol (a beta-blocker) can be administered.

⭕If heart block progresses to severe bradycardia, atropine may be given.

⭕In severe or life-threatening cases of digoxin toxicity, digoxin-specific antibody fragments (digoxin immune Fab) are used as an antidote.

الcase هذه الدكتورة قالت مرات تجيبها⬇️:


🔴In cases of digoxin toxicity, If the toxicity is associated with ventricular arrhythmias➡️ lidocaine
may be used as an antiarrhythmic treatment.❗(MCQ)❗

ملاحظات جزئية clincal case of heart failure🫀💊✅.

🔴For Type II hypertension recommended to give to combination of drug like a ACEIS/ B blocker + diuretics or according to the case

🔴If the patient has diabetes with hypertension, the best drug is ACEIs with diuretics and never use B blockers

🔴When you gave ACEIs this decrease the destruction bradykinin and this lead to:
🔻Dry mouth
🔻Angioedema


🔴ACEIs and ARB NEVER use bilateral renal stenosis

🔴NEVER USE Thiazide and loop diuretics in
Gout

🔴Prazosin Avoided in a elderly patient

🔴 NEVER use ACEIs and ARB with a pregnant woman

🔴in severe edema and CHF use strong diuretics like furosemide (loop diuretics).

أهم الحاجات المتكررة ف التجميعات لhyper tension case💊:

سلايدات عملي الباثو بدون بيانات ⤴️

مفيدات للمراجعة⬇️:

السلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته
هذه قناة د.محمد التومي (معيد في قسم الاناتومي )
تلقوا فيها المجسمات بالبيانات ⬇️

https://t.me/+ug11r3B82eo1NzI0


موفقين في عملي ٱخر أناتومي ☠️⚡.