Doctor s’ Notes
Pharma|hypertenstion💊: 🔴Beta-2 blockers may cause bronchoconstriction due to blockage of β2 receptors in the bronchi, but they are associated with vasoconstriction. 🔴If beta-blockers are used for a long time and then suddenly replaced with another antihypertensive…
ملاحظات شيت الhyper tenstion✅.
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Para|Molecular Techniques🧬🐛:
🔴In malaria research, the mosquito is sometimes lysed to extract its DNA.
In some studies, researchers focus specifically on the sporozoites inside the mosquito. In this case, they isolate the salivary glands because the sporozoites are located there. The mosquito is cut into two parts, and the head with the mouthparts is separated from the body. Depending on the aim of the study, researchers may keep one part and discard the other.
For example:
If the study targets the salivary glands or sporozoites, the head and thoracic region are used.
If the study focuses on the mosquito gut, the mouthparts are discarded and the body part is kept to obtain the required DNA sample.
🔴For example, a trematode may have a specific gene that is expressed only at a certain time, and researchers may want to study this gene. In this case, DNA analysis alone may not be useful. Instead, RNA analysis is more important because gene expression is not constant.
Some genes may be upregulated, while others may be downregulated. In some cases, a particular gene is expressed only during infection. Therefore, studying RNA helps researchers understand when and how the gene is actively expressed.
🔴The polymerase enzyme is the only enzyme that can work at high temperatures.
🔴Whole genome means the complete set of genes or the entire genetic material of an organism.
🔴In malaria research, the mosquito is sometimes lysed to extract its DNA.
In some studies, researchers focus specifically on the sporozoites inside the mosquito. In this case, they isolate the salivary glands because the sporozoites are located there. The mosquito is cut into two parts, and the head with the mouthparts is separated from the body. Depending on the aim of the study, researchers may keep one part and discard the other.
For example:
If the study targets the salivary glands or sporozoites, the head and thoracic region are used.
If the study focuses on the mosquito gut, the mouthparts are discarded and the body part is kept to obtain the required DNA sample.
🔴For example, a trematode may have a specific gene that is expressed only at a certain time, and researchers may want to study this gene. In this case, DNA analysis alone may not be useful. Instead, RNA analysis is more important because gene expression is not constant.
Some genes may be upregulated, while others may be downregulated. In some cases, a particular gene is expressed only during infection. Therefore, studying RNA helps researchers understand when and how the gene is actively expressed.
🔴The polymerase enzyme is the only enzyme that can work at high temperatures.
🔴Whole genome means the complete set of genes or the entire genetic material of an organism.
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Doctor s’ Notes
Para|Molecular Techniques🧬🐛: 🔴In malaria research, the mosquito is sometimes lysed to extract its DNA. In some studies, researchers focus specifically on the sporozoites inside the mosquito. In this case, they isolate the salivary glands because the sporozoites…
ملاحظات شيت ال Molcular Techniques🧬🐛✅.
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Para|Immune response to parasites🐛:
🔴There is diversity in the immune response because each parasite has a complicated life cycle.
قال الدكتور جايبها ف ال❗mcq قبل ❗✨.
🔴Host resistance to parasites can be genetic.
For example, in malaria, the parasite is adapted to enter normal biconcave red blood cells. In sickle cell disease, the shape of the red blood cells changes, so the parasite cannot easily enter or survive inside them.
The same idea applies to glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, which can also provide some protection against malaria.❗mcq❗.
🔴Malaria vaccine: Most famous success story. (Mosquirix).❗MCQ❗.
🔴There is diversity in the immune response because each parasite has a complicated life cycle.
قال الدكتور جايبها ف ال❗mcq قبل ❗✨.
🔴Host resistance to parasites can be genetic.
For example, in malaria, the parasite is adapted to enter normal biconcave red blood cells. In sickle cell disease, the shape of the red blood cells changes, so the parasite cannot easily enter or survive inside them.
The same idea applies to glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, which can also provide some protection against malaria.❗mcq❗.
🔴Malaria vaccine: Most famous success story. (Mosquirix).❗MCQ❗.
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Doctor s’ Notes
Para|Immune response to parasites🐛: 🔴There is diversity in the immune response because each parasite has a complicated life cycle. قال الدكتور جايبها ف ال❗mcq قبل ❗✨. 🔴Host resistance to parasites can be genetic. For example, in malaria, the parasite is…
ملاحظات شيت ال immune response to parasites🐛✅.
الجداول الدكتور قال يلي ف الشيت ويلي مأشر ب Highlighted يعتبر mcq❗.
الجداول الدكتور قال يلي ف الشيت ويلي مأشر ب Highlighted يعتبر mcq❗.
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هكي ملاحظات المواد لعند وين واصلة الكلية كاملات✅ ،ما عدا الarthropod مزال فيه تسجيل بعون الله ح ينزل أول ما الدكتور ينزل الشيت إن شاء الله وموفقين ✨.
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نبه عليهم الدكتور ف المحاضرة عدلوهم Trophozoite وليس cyst❗.
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Doctor s’ Notes
السلايدات يلي قال الدكتور "متجيش"ف عملي الملاريا ❌.
ملاحظات عملي الprotozoa✅.
ملاحظة :الملاحظات تحتوي ع ملاحظات محاضرات العملي +محاضرة المراجعة🌟 .
ملاحظة :الملاحظات تحتوي ع ملاحظات محاضرات العملي +محاضرة المراجعة🌟 .
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