Para|ملاحظات المحاضرة التالثة
🔴Entamoeba histolytica
-Enta means intestine.
-Amoeba refers to the portion used for movement (pseudopodia).
The word amoeba also means “changing”, because its shape is constantly changing.
🔴Entamoeba histolytica
The nucleus may be single or may contain two micronuclei.
Inside the nucleus there is a central karyosome, which contains DNA.
The chromatin is arranged peripherally along the nuclear envelope.
🔴Karyosome is the DNA-containing structure inside the nucleus.
It is a non-nuclear membrane–bound structure located within the nucleus.
🔴Entamoeba histolytica is considered the second leading cause of death among parasitic infections after Malaria.
About one-third of the world’s population is exposed to this parasite.
🔴Trophozoite of Entamoeba histolytica:
"We find RBCs in it only in the stage of invasion; white blood cells and food vacuoles containing RBCs are found. Because it is the pathogenic stage, the acute stage, and the growing stage, as differentiation for the reproductive stage occurs in it, and it is called the pathogenic stage.
🔴Entamoeba histolytica Both the trophozoite and the cyst stages are considered diagnostic stages.
🔴Entamoeba histolytica has a direct life cycle and does not require an intermediate host. Therefore, it is called a monoxenous parasite.
🔴One cyst gives 8 trophozoites.
🔴Diagnosis of Entamoeba histolytica
Direct Diagnosis: We aim to see the parasite itself (Trophozoite or Cyst).
Indirect Diagnosis: We aim to detect the antigen or the antibody.
Stool Examination: If nothing is found in the stool, it must be re-examined multiple times.
🔴In the large intestine, irritation of the cecal mucosa is called dysentery.
It is characterized by small amounts of stool accompanied by blood and mucus.
In contrast, irritation of the small intestine leads to faster intestinal movements and large-volume diarrhea.
🔴The Trophozoite is the pathogenic stage. In an amoebic abscess, we find the trophozoites in the peripheral area (the wall of the abscess), not in the central pus. This is because the trophozoites need living cells and tissue to feed on and survive, whereas the center contains only dead (necrotic) material.
🔴Amoebic Colitis
The patient may initially experience abdominal discomfort and constipation, followed by diarrhea.
Some symptoms may respond to treatment, while others do not respond, leading to alternating patterns.
The most common misdiagnosis for amoebic colitis is Irritable Bowel Syndrome .
🔴Extraintestinal amoebiasis the Right side of the liver most common site.
🔴Entamoeba coli is non-pathogenic.
🔴Tetracycline treatment of Balantidium coli .(MCQ)
🔴Entamoeba histolytica
-Enta means intestine.
-Amoeba refers to the portion used for movement (pseudopodia).
The word amoeba also means “changing”, because its shape is constantly changing.
🔴Entamoeba histolytica
The nucleus may be single or may contain two micronuclei.
Inside the nucleus there is a central karyosome, which contains DNA.
The chromatin is arranged peripherally along the nuclear envelope.
🔴Karyosome is the DNA-containing structure inside the nucleus.
It is a non-nuclear membrane–bound structure located within the nucleus.
🔴Entamoeba histolytica is considered the second leading cause of death among parasitic infections after Malaria.
About one-third of the world’s population is exposed to this parasite.
🔴Trophozoite of Entamoeba histolytica:
"We find RBCs in it only in the stage of invasion; white blood cells and food vacuoles containing RBCs are found. Because it is the pathogenic stage, the acute stage, and the growing stage, as differentiation for the reproductive stage occurs in it, and it is called the pathogenic stage.
🔴Entamoeba histolytica Both the trophozoite and the cyst stages are considered diagnostic stages.
🔴Entamoeba histolytica has a direct life cycle and does not require an intermediate host. Therefore, it is called a monoxenous parasite.
🔴One cyst gives 8 trophozoites.
🔴Diagnosis of Entamoeba histolytica
Direct Diagnosis: We aim to see the parasite itself (Trophozoite or Cyst).
Indirect Diagnosis: We aim to detect the antigen or the antibody.
Stool Examination: If nothing is found in the stool, it must be re-examined multiple times.
🔴In the large intestine, irritation of the cecal mucosa is called dysentery.
It is characterized by small amounts of stool accompanied by blood and mucus.
In contrast, irritation of the small intestine leads to faster intestinal movements and large-volume diarrhea.
🔴The Trophozoite is the pathogenic stage. In an amoebic abscess, we find the trophozoites in the peripheral area (the wall of the abscess), not in the central pus. This is because the trophozoites need living cells and tissue to feed on and survive, whereas the center contains only dead (necrotic) material.
🔴Amoebic Colitis
The patient may initially experience abdominal discomfort and constipation, followed by diarrhea.
Some symptoms may respond to treatment, while others do not respond, leading to alternating patterns.
The most common misdiagnosis for amoebic colitis is Irritable Bowel Syndrome .
🔴Extraintestinal amoebiasis the Right side of the liver most common site.
🔴Entamoeba coli is non-pathogenic.
🔴Tetracycline treatment of Balantidium coli .(MCQ)
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Para|ملاحظات المحاضرة الرابعة
🔴Naegleria fowleri trophozoites feed on CNS tissue.
🔴Naegleria fowleri does not have an intermediate host.
🔴The infective stage of Naegleria fowleri is the trophozoite.
🔴infection occurs and the amoeba reaches the brain without being detected in the CSF, it causes inflammation.
The complications and clinical presentation include:
Headache
Vomiting
Seizures
Later, it may progress to , coma, and sometimes paralysis.
🔴Examination of Naegleria fowleri infection:
Lumbar puncture: In the CSF, we may find high protein, low sugar, and high neutrophils, as well as the amoeboid form of trophozoites.
X-ray may also be performed as part of the evaluation.
🔴Naegleria fowleri enters the body through inhalation.
🔴Naegleria fowleri trophozoites feed on CNS tissue.
🔴Naegleria fowleri does not have an intermediate host.
🔴The infective stage of Naegleria fowleri is the trophozoite.
🔴infection occurs and the amoeba reaches the brain without being detected in the CSF, it causes inflammation.
The complications and clinical presentation include:
Headache
Vomiting
Seizures
Later, it may progress to , coma, and sometimes paralysis.
🔴Examination of Naegleria fowleri infection:
Lumbar puncture: In the CSF, we may find high protein, low sugar, and high neutrophils, as well as the amoeboid form of trophozoites.
X-ray may also be performed as part of the evaluation.
🔴Naegleria fowleri enters the body through inhalation.
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Forwarded from Microbiology & parasitology Simplified 🦠
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Microbiology & parasitology Simplified 🦠
Trichomonas vaginalis A-F.pdf
شيتات للpara من إعداد زميلتنا عدن،الشيتات نفس شيتات الكلية بالضبط غير بطريقة منظمة أكثر ،تقدروا تعتمدوا عليهم،وكُل ما تكملوا شيت تلقوها حاطة ف نهايته أسئلة من أسئلة الدفعات يلي فاتت يلي جاية عليه،والمحاضرات يلي فيهم كوز حاطة أسئلة الكوز نهاية الشيت⤴️.
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