#MainsFodder #PT2021
Beresheet 2
Launched by Israel
Aims: Landing an unmanned craft on the moon in 2024, after a previous such mission had crashed into the lunar surface.
Key points:
1. This project will be made up of three adjacent spacecrafts.
2. The original Beresheet was a spacecraft built in 2019 NGO SpaceIL.
3. Israel would become the fourth nation to land on the moon, only after Russia, the US and China.
Beresheet 2
Launched by Israel
Aims: Landing an unmanned craft on the moon in 2024, after a previous such mission had crashed into the lunar surface.
Key points:
1. This project will be made up of three adjacent spacecrafts.
2. The original Beresheet was a spacecraft built in 2019 NGO SpaceIL.
3. Israel would become the fourth nation to land on the moon, only after Russia, the US and China.
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#MainsFodder #PT2021
Muraingrass
In News: a new species of Indian Muraingrasses have been spotted in the Western Ghats of Goa.
Scientific name: Ischaemum Janarthanam.
Key features:
- Adapted to survive harsh conditions, low nutrient availability, and blossoms every monsoon.
- Grows on low altitude lateritic outcrops in the outskirts of Bhagwan Mahavir National Park, Goa.
- These grasses are known for their ecological & economic importance.
Western Ghats have 40 species with the highest concentration of the genus Ischaemum.
Muraingrass
In News: a new species of Indian Muraingrasses have been spotted in the Western Ghats of Goa.
Scientific name: Ischaemum Janarthanam.
Key features:
- Adapted to survive harsh conditions, low nutrient availability, and blossoms every monsoon.
- Grows on low altitude lateritic outcrops in the outskirts of Bhagwan Mahavir National Park, Goa.
- These grasses are known for their ecological & economic importance.
Western Ghats have 40 species with the highest concentration of the genus Ischaemum.
#MainsFodder #PT2021
Death penalty for Crimes against Women & Children
Approved by Maharashtra cabinet recently
- 2 draft bills that propose death penalty for heinous cases of rape, acid attack and child abuse.
- It seeks to amend relevant sections of the IPC, Criminal Procedural Code and Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act.
Key features:
1. They have provisions to cover new categories of crimes, and propose a mechanism for speedy trials.
2. The media is not allowed to report the name of a rape victim.
3. It will provide similar protection to victims of molestation and even acid attack.
4. It would amend IPC Section 376 (rape) to increase the punishment to life term or death.
Death penalty for Crimes against Women & Children
Approved by Maharashtra cabinet recently
- 2 draft bills that propose death penalty for heinous cases of rape, acid attack and child abuse.
- It seeks to amend relevant sections of the IPC, Criminal Procedural Code and Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act.
Key features:
1. They have provisions to cover new categories of crimes, and propose a mechanism for speedy trials.
2. The media is not allowed to report the name of a rape victim.
3. It will provide similar protection to victims of molestation and even acid attack.
4. It would amend IPC Section 376 (rape) to increase the punishment to life term or death.
#MainsFodder #PT2021
Koilwar Bridge
In News: Three lanes of the newly-built Koilwar bridge on river Son was inaugurated.
- Also called as Abdul Bari Bridge
- Location: Bihar.
Key features:
1. Major road transport between Bihar and UttarPradesh
2. The bridge will be named after Vashishtha Narayan Singh, a famous mathematician from the state.
3. The 1.5 km-long bridge has been built parallel to the 138-year-old rail-cum-road bridge constructed during the British era.
Koilwar Bridge
In News: Three lanes of the newly-built Koilwar bridge on river Son was inaugurated.
- Also called as Abdul Bari Bridge
- Location: Bihar.
Key features:
1. Major road transport between Bihar and UttarPradesh
2. The bridge will be named after Vashishtha Narayan Singh, a famous mathematician from the state.
3. The 1.5 km-long bridge has been built parallel to the 138-year-old rail-cum-road bridge constructed during the British era.
#MainsFodder #PT2021
International Bharati Festival 2020
In News: Recently, the PM has addressed the International Bharati Festival 2020, virtually.
Organised by the Vanavil Cultural Centre (Tamil Nadu).
The event celebrates the 138th birth anniversary of Tamil poet and writer Mahakavi Subramanya Bharati.
Subramanya Bharati:
1. An outstanding Indian writer of the nationalist period.
2. Father of the modern Tamil style
3. Also known as ‘Mahakavi Bharathiyar’.
4. His nationalistic poems and essays were popular successes.
International Bharati Festival 2020
In News: Recently, the PM has addressed the International Bharati Festival 2020, virtually.
Organised by the Vanavil Cultural Centre (Tamil Nadu).
The event celebrates the 138th birth anniversary of Tamil poet and writer Mahakavi Subramanya Bharati.
Subramanya Bharati:
1. An outstanding Indian writer of the nationalist period.
2. Father of the modern Tamil style
3. Also known as ‘Mahakavi Bharathiyar’.
4. His nationalistic poems and essays were popular successes.
#MainsFodder #PT2021
Plasmodium Ovale in India
In News: Recently a rare type of malaria, Plasmodium ovale, has been identified in a jawan in Kerala.
Reason: The soldier is believed to have contracted it in Sudan, where Plasmodium ovale is endemic.
Key features:
1. Plasmodium ovale is one among the five kinds of malarial parasites
2. 20% of the parasitised cells are oval in shape
3. The parasite can remain in the spleen or liver of the body for a long time.
4. Symptoms: fever for 48 hours, headache and nausea, and it rarely causes severe illness.
5. ovale is very similar to P vivax
6. Endemic to tropical Western Africa.
7. According to the National Institute of Malaria Research, the Kerala case could be an isolated one.
8. According to the recent World Malaria Report 2020, cases in India dropped.
Plasmodium Ovale in India
In News: Recently a rare type of malaria, Plasmodium ovale, has been identified in a jawan in Kerala.
Reason: The soldier is believed to have contracted it in Sudan, where Plasmodium ovale is endemic.
Key features:
1. Plasmodium ovale is one among the five kinds of malarial parasites
2. 20% of the parasitised cells are oval in shape
3. The parasite can remain in the spleen or liver of the body for a long time.
4. Symptoms: fever for 48 hours, headache and nausea, and it rarely causes severe illness.
5. ovale is very similar to P vivax
6. Endemic to tropical Western Africa.
7. According to the National Institute of Malaria Research, the Kerala case could be an isolated one.
8. According to the recent World Malaria Report 2020, cases in India dropped.
#SnT_Currents #PT2021
Himgiri
- stealth frigates
- built by Garden Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers (GRSE), Kolkata, under Project 17A for the Navy.
- Under the Project 17A program, a total of seven ships, four at Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited (MDL) and three ships at GRSE.
- They are being built with enhanced stealth features, advanced indigenous weapon and sensor fit along with several other improvements.
Himgiri
- stealth frigates
- built by Garden Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers (GRSE), Kolkata, under Project 17A for the Navy.
- Under the Project 17A program, a total of seven ships, four at Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited (MDL) and three ships at GRSE.
- They are being built with enhanced stealth features, advanced indigenous weapon and sensor fit along with several other improvements.
#SnT_Currents #PT2021
Black Fungus
- Also called as Mucormycosis or zygomycosis.
- It is a serious but rare fungal infection.
- Caused by a group of molds called mucormycetes which exist in the environment.
- It mainly affects people who have health problems or take medicines that lower the body’s ability to fight germs and sickness.
- The symptoms are face numbness, one-side nose obstructions or swelling of eyes, or pain.
Early detection and treatment can help.
News
Occurrence of Covid triggered mucormycosis with high morbidity and mortality.
Black Fungus
- Also called as Mucormycosis or zygomycosis.
- It is a serious but rare fungal infection.
- Caused by a group of molds called mucormycetes which exist in the environment.
- It mainly affects people who have health problems or take medicines that lower the body’s ability to fight germs and sickness.
- The symptoms are face numbness, one-side nose obstructions or swelling of eyes, or pain.
Early detection and treatment can help.
News
Occurrence of Covid triggered mucormycosis with high morbidity and mortality.
#MainsFodder #PT2021
Himalayan Serow
In News: A Himalayan serow has been sighted for the first time in the Spiti cold desert region, Himachal Pradesh.
Scientific name: Capricornis sumatraensis thar
Key points:
- It is a subspecies of the mainland serow
- found at altitudes between 2,000 and 4,000 m
- Location: eastern, central, and western Himalayas.
- In‘vulnerable’ category of IUCN’s Red List of Threatened Species.
- Under Schedule I of The Wildlife Protection Act, 1972
Himalayan Serow
In News: A Himalayan serow has been sighted for the first time in the Spiti cold desert region, Himachal Pradesh.
Scientific name: Capricornis sumatraensis thar
Key points:
- It is a subspecies of the mainland serow
- found at altitudes between 2,000 and 4,000 m
- Location: eastern, central, and western Himalayas.
- In‘vulnerable’ category of IUCN’s Red List of Threatened Species.
- Under Schedule I of The Wildlife Protection Act, 1972
#MainsFodder #PT2021
Black Holes Merging
- The NASA’s Chandra X-ray Observatory has shared images of two super massive black holes merging.
- These black holes are located in Galaxy NGC 6240.
- They are 3,000 light-years apart.
- The merging process, which began some 30 million years ago
- It may be the most powerful sources of gravitational waves in the Universe.
Black Holes Merging
- The NASA’s Chandra X-ray Observatory has shared images of two super massive black holes merging.
- These black holes are located in Galaxy NGC 6240.
- They are 3,000 light-years apart.
- The merging process, which began some 30 million years ago
- It may be the most powerful sources of gravitational waves in the Universe.
#MainsFodder #PT2021
2nd edition of the Education Report for India 2020
Launched by: UNESCO New Delhi
Focuses: on Technical and Vocational Education and Training
Aims: to support the Government of India which has announced skill development as a key national priority under the Skill India Mission.
Recommendations:
- Create an appropriate ecosystem for teachers, trainers, and assessors
- Focus on upskilling, re-skilling, and lifelong learning
- Digitalization of vocational education and training etc.
2nd edition of the Education Report for India 2020
Launched by: UNESCO New Delhi
Focuses: on Technical and Vocational Education and Training
Aims: to support the Government of India which has announced skill development as a key national priority under the Skill India Mission.
Recommendations:
- Create an appropriate ecosystem for teachers, trainers, and assessors
- Focus on upskilling, re-skilling, and lifelong learning
- Digitalization of vocational education and training etc.
#MainsFodder #PT2021
Chabahar Port
In News: The first virtually held Trilateral Working Group Meeting between India, Iran and Uzbekistan.
Aim: Joint use of Chabahar Port. for trade and transit purposes and enhanced regional connectivity.
- India has proposed to hold "Chabahar Day” on the sidelines of the International Maritime Summit to be hosted by India in January 2021.
Chabahar Port
In News: The first virtually held Trilateral Working Group Meeting between India, Iran and Uzbekistan.
Aim: Joint use of Chabahar Port. for trade and transit purposes and enhanced regional connectivity.
- India has proposed to hold "Chabahar Day” on the sidelines of the International Maritime Summit to be hosted by India in January 2021.
#MainsFodder #PT2021
Invasive Species
- These are any biological species that are introduced outside their natural range.
- Negatively impact the native biodiversit.
- Reproduce rapidly
- It out-compete the native species for food, water and space.
- Biggest cause habitat destruction.
- Examples: Brown Marmorated Stink Bug,Zebra Mussels.
Invasive Species
- These are any biological species that are introduced outside their natural range.
- Negatively impact the native biodiversit.
- Reproduce rapidly
- It out-compete the native species for food, water and space.
- Biggest cause habitat destruction.
- Examples: Brown Marmorated Stink Bug,Zebra Mussels.
#MainsFodder #PT2021
Himalayan Griffon Vulture
- It is a migratory bird species
- Native to Himalayas
- It has been spotted in Point Calimere wildlife sanctuary in Tamil Nadu.
- Origin: Himalayan Chain and Plateau of Tibet
- The IUCN status of the bird is Near threatened.
- It is listed in Appendix II of the CITES.
Himalayan Griffon Vulture
- It is a migratory bird species
- Native to Himalayas
- It has been spotted in Point Calimere wildlife sanctuary in Tamil Nadu.
- Origin: Himalayan Chain and Plateau of Tibet
- The IUCN status of the bird is Near threatened.
- It is listed in Appendix II of the CITES.
#MainsFodder #PT2021
Pink Phenomenon
In News: In a village in Kerala, an aquatic plant forked fanwort has painted the water bodies pink, which led to the ‘pink phenomenon’.
Key points:
- This plant comes from the family of Red Cabomba
- Cabomba is a submerged perennial aquatic plant that grows in stagnant to slow-flowing freshwater.
- Location: Central and South America.
- Requires a huge amount of oxygen to grow affecting freshwater biodiversity.
- It has a high natural dispersal potential.
Pink Phenomenon
In News: In a village in Kerala, an aquatic plant forked fanwort has painted the water bodies pink, which led to the ‘pink phenomenon’.
Key points:
- This plant comes from the family of Red Cabomba
- Cabomba is a submerged perennial aquatic plant that grows in stagnant to slow-flowing freshwater.
- Location: Central and South America.
- Requires a huge amount of oxygen to grow affecting freshwater biodiversity.
- It has a high natural dispersal potential.
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Human Development Report
- Released by the UNDP
- It unveils HDI measuring average achievement in three basic dimensions:
1.human development,
2. Life expectancy,
3. Education and
Per capita income.
Key points of Report:
- India’s HDI value for 2019 is 0.645
- India is at 131th position of 189 countries on the HDI
- Norway Ireland and Switzerland topped the index.
- It includes a new experimental index that takes into account countries’ CO2 emissions and
material footprint.
Human Development Report
- Released by the UNDP
- It unveils HDI measuring average achievement in three basic dimensions:
1.human development,
2. Life expectancy,
3. Education and
Per capita income.
Key points of Report:
- India’s HDI value for 2019 is 0.645
- India is at 131th position of 189 countries on the HDI
- Norway Ireland and Switzerland topped the index.
- It includes a new experimental index that takes into account countries’ CO2 emissions and
material footprint.