#IR_OrgInNews #PT2020 #2MinRead
International Court of Justice
- Judicial branch of the United Nations (UN) - hence called as World Court
- Established- 1945 by UN Charter
- HQ - Peace Palace, The Hague.
- The court settles legal disputes submitted to it by states.
- It provides advisory opinions on legal questions submitted to it by duly authorized international branches, agencies, and the UN General Assembly.
- ICJ Consists of 15 judges elected to 9-year terms by the UN General Assembly and the UN Security Council.
It is a successor to the Permanent Court of International Justice.
International Court of Justice
- Judicial branch of the United Nations (UN) - hence called as World Court
- Established- 1945 by UN Charter
- HQ - Peace Palace, The Hague.
- The court settles legal disputes submitted to it by states.
- It provides advisory opinions on legal questions submitted to it by duly authorized international branches, agencies, and the UN General Assembly.
- ICJ Consists of 15 judges elected to 9-year terms by the UN General Assembly and the UN Security Council.
It is a successor to the Permanent Court of International Justice.
#IR_OrgInNews #PT2020 #2MinRead
International Criminal Court (ICC)
It is an intergovernmental, international tribunal.
Established- 2002, by Rome Statute of 1998.
Seat - The Hague, Netherlands.
The ICC has jurisdiction to prosecute individuals for the international crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and the crime of aggression.
It is intended to complement existing national judicial systems.
International Criminal Court (ICC)
It is an intergovernmental, international tribunal.
Established- 2002, by Rome Statute of 1998.
Seat - The Hague, Netherlands.
The ICC has jurisdiction to prosecute individuals for the international crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and the crime of aggression.
It is intended to complement existing national judicial systems.
#TermsInNews #PT2020 #1MinRead
Social Vaccine
It stands for social and behavioural measures used by governments to raise public consciousness about unhealthy situations.
It is done through Social Mobilization
Example - CoVID -19 pandemic - advocacy for social distancing, use of Masks etc.
It was highly successful in controlling the pandemic of HIV/AIDS.
Social Vaccine
It stands for social and behavioural measures used by governments to raise public consciousness about unhealthy situations.
It is done through Social Mobilization
Example - CoVID -19 pandemic - advocacy for social distancing, use of Masks etc.
It was highly successful in controlling the pandemic of HIV/AIDS.
#IR_OrgInNews #PT2020 #2MinRead
New Development Bank
Established in 2014 by BRICS Countries by Fortaleza Declaration.
HQ - Shanghai, China.
It is a multilateral development bank founded to support infrastructure and sustainable development efforts in BRICS and other underserved emerging economies.
It received Observer Status in 2018 in the United Nations General Assembly.
News - 5th Annual Meeting of the Board of Governors of NDB was held through video-conference on 20th Apr.
New Development Bank
Established in 2014 by BRICS Countries by Fortaleza Declaration.
HQ - Shanghai, China.
It is a multilateral development bank founded to support infrastructure and sustainable development efforts in BRICS and other underserved emerging economies.
It received Observer Status in 2018 in the United Nations General Assembly.
News - 5th Annual Meeting of the Board of Governors of NDB was held through video-conference on 20th Apr.
#IR_OrgInNews #PT2020 #1MinRead
BRICS
It stands for an association of five major emerging national economies: Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa.
1st Summit - 2009 in Russia.
11th Summit- 2019 in Brazil.
BRICS
It stands for an association of five major emerging national economies: Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa.
1st Summit - 2009 in Russia.
11th Summit- 2019 in Brazil.
#Modern_India #PT2020 #2MinRevise
Indian Council Act of 1909
- Also called as Morley-Minto Reforms
Salient Provisions
- Expansion of the Legislative Councils(both Central and Provincial).
- Introduced separate electorate(Communal representation).
Separate constituencies were marked for the Muslims and only Muslim community members could elect their representatives.
- The act empowered the members to discuss the budget and move resolutions before it was approved finally.
- They were given rights to ask supplementary questions and move resolutions to on matters related to loans to the local bodies.
- The members given right to discuss matters of the public interest.
Indian Council Act of 1909
- Also called as Morley-Minto Reforms
Salient Provisions
- Expansion of the Legislative Councils(both Central and Provincial).
- Introduced separate electorate(Communal representation).
Separate constituencies were marked for the Muslims and only Muslim community members could elect their representatives.
- The act empowered the members to discuss the budget and move resolutions before it was approved finally.
- They were given rights to ask supplementary questions and move resolutions to on matters related to loans to the local bodies.
- The members given right to discuss matters of the public interest.
#Environment_Current #VIMP_PT2020 #2MinRead
Zero Budget Natural Farming (ZBNF)
- It is a method of chemical-free agriculture, based on traditional Indian practices.
- Originally promoted by agriculturist Subhash Palekar in 1990s as an alternative to Green revolution methodologies.
It promotes the application of jeevamrutha — a mixture of fresh desi cow dung and aged desi cow urine, jaggery, pulse flour, water and soil.
- This fermented microbial culture adds nutrients to the soil. It acts as a catalytic agent to promote the activity of microorganisms and earthworms in the soil.
Significance
-farmers will be relieved from Debt Trap hence can reduce number of Farmers Suicides.
-Eco friendly practice, hence promotes Environmental conservation.
Context- Finance Minister advocated its practice which has been highly successful in Karnataka.
Zero Budget Natural Farming (ZBNF)
- It is a method of chemical-free agriculture, based on traditional Indian practices.
- Originally promoted by agriculturist Subhash Palekar in 1990s as an alternative to Green revolution methodologies.
It promotes the application of jeevamrutha — a mixture of fresh desi cow dung and aged desi cow urine, jaggery, pulse flour, water and soil.
- This fermented microbial culture adds nutrients to the soil. It acts as a catalytic agent to promote the activity of microorganisms and earthworms in the soil.
Significance
-farmers will be relieved from Debt Trap hence can reduce number of Farmers Suicides.
-Eco friendly practice, hence promotes Environmental conservation.
Context- Finance Minister advocated its practice which has been highly successful in Karnataka.
#1MinRead #Geography_Current #PT2020
Daporijo Bridge
- inaugurated on Subansiri River, a tributary of Brahmaputra.
- Development- by BRO(Border Roads Organisation)
- It will allow the speedier movement of men and logistics material towards the Line of Actual Control (LAC) with China.
Daporijo Bridge
- inaugurated on Subansiri River, a tributary of Brahmaputra.
- Development- by BRO(Border Roads Organisation)
- It will allow the speedier movement of men and logistics material towards the Line of Actual Control (LAC) with China.
#2MinRevise #Polity_Constitutional_Evolution #PT2020
Regulating Act 1773
- First step by British government to regulate and control affairs of East India Company.
- It recognised political and administrative functions of the company
- The Act laid the foundations of Central administration
Features
- Governor of Bengal was appointed as Governor General of Bengal
( first - Warren Hastings )
- Governor of Bombay and Madras made subordinate to governor general of Bengal
- Supreme Court of Calcutta was established (1 chief justice and 3 judges).
- Servants of company were not allowed - private trade and bribes/presents from natives.
- Court of directors were to report the British government
Regulating Act 1773
- First step by British government to regulate and control affairs of East India Company.
- It recognised political and administrative functions of the company
- The Act laid the foundations of Central administration
Features
- Governor of Bengal was appointed as Governor General of Bengal
( first - Warren Hastings )
- Governor of Bombay and Madras made subordinate to governor general of Bengal
- Supreme Court of Calcutta was established (1 chief justice and 3 judges).
- Servants of company were not allowed - private trade and bribes/presents from natives.
- Court of directors were to report the British government
#2MinRevise #Polity_Constitutional_Evolution #PT2020
Pitt's India Act of 1784
Political and commercial functions of company were distinguished.
Board of Control - political functions (civil-military and revenue affairs).
Court of Directors for commercial functions
First time called companies territory as British possessions in India.
It declared British government had the Supreme control over companies affairs
Pitt's India Act of 1784
Political and commercial functions of company were distinguished.
Board of Control - political functions (civil-military and revenue affairs).
Court of Directors for commercial functions
First time called companies territory as British possessions in India.
It declared British government had the Supreme control over companies affairs
#SnT_Currents #1MinRead #PT2020
e-Raktkosh
It is a Portal for maintaining real-time information on the status of stocks of blood groups.
Launched in Apr 2020, by Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.
It is a Centralized Blood Bank Management System.
e-Raktkosh
It is a Portal for maintaining real-time information on the status of stocks of blood groups.
Launched in Apr 2020, by Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.
It is a Centralized Blood Bank Management System.
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Best Regards
Team Digicate
Welcome to Digicate IAS!!
I trust that everybody is safe and well, during this Health crisis and busy in seamless Prelims Preparation.
We at digicate are trying to make every possible effort to help students to maintain the momentum of their Preparation.
I hope, we are providing Quality Content, targeting the upcoming Prelims 2020.
If you have any feedback please do share with us.
Further, If you have any queries regarding your preparation you can reach us anytime.
PLEASE SHARE the Channel with Friends and help us reach more aspirants. It will keep us motivated to continue the work and come out with more innovations in IAS Preparation.
Invite Link - t.me/digicate
Thank You All for being part of the Digicate Family.
Best Regards
Team Digicate
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- Line to Line Prelims
- #2MinRead Current affairs
Mains 2023
- Intensive Mentorship Program
- Answer Writing
- Essay n Ethics
Join
https://youtube.com/@digicateias
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9021216359
#Environment_Current #PT2020 #2MinRead
NGT over COVID-19 Bio-Medical Waste disposal
- Recently, National Green Tribunal(NGT) has observed gaps in compliance of the Bio Medical Waste Management Rules, 2016, applicable to the disposal of waste generated out of handling CoVID-19 disease.
- Futher NGT ruled that there is a need for revision of the guidelines for ‘Handling, Treatment and Disposal of Waste Generated during Treatment, Diagnosis, Quarantine of COVID-19 Patients’ issued by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) recently.
NGT over COVID-19 Bio-Medical Waste disposal
- Recently, National Green Tribunal(NGT) has observed gaps in compliance of the Bio Medical Waste Management Rules, 2016, applicable to the disposal of waste generated out of handling CoVID-19 disease.
- Futher NGT ruled that there is a need for revision of the guidelines for ‘Handling, Treatment and Disposal of Waste Generated during Treatment, Diagnosis, Quarantine of COVID-19 Patients’ issued by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) recently.
#Environment_Current #PT2020 #2MinRevise
Bio Medical Waste Management Rules, 2016
- Biomedical waste(BMW) comprises human & animal anatomical waste, treatment apparatus like needles, syringes and other materials used in health care facilities.
- Scientific and Eco friendly disposal of BMW through segregation, collection minimises the adverse impact on health workers and on the environment.
- Total BMW generation in the country is 484 TPD out of which 447 TPD is treated.
Features of BMW Rules 2016
1. The ambit of the rules has been expanded to include vaccination camps, blood donation camps, surgical camps or any other healthcare activity.
2. Chlorinated plastic bags, gloves and blood bags to be phased out within two years.
3. Pre-treatment of the laboratory waste, microbiological waste, blood samples and blood bags through disinfection or sterilisation on-site in the manner as prescribed by WHO or NACO.
4. Provide training to all its health care workers and immunise all health workers regularly
5. Establish a Bar-Code System for bags or containers containing bio-medical waste for disposal.
6. Report major accidents; (g) Existing incinerators to achieve the standards for retention time in secondary chamber and Dioxin and Furans within two years.
7. BMW has been classified in to 4 categories instead 10 to improve the segregation of waste at source.
8. Procedure to get authorisation simplified.
9. State govt to provide Land for BMW treatment plants.
Bio Medical Waste Management Rules, 2016
- Biomedical waste(BMW) comprises human & animal anatomical waste, treatment apparatus like needles, syringes and other materials used in health care facilities.
- Scientific and Eco friendly disposal of BMW through segregation, collection minimises the adverse impact on health workers and on the environment.
- Total BMW generation in the country is 484 TPD out of which 447 TPD is treated.
Features of BMW Rules 2016
1. The ambit of the rules has been expanded to include vaccination camps, blood donation camps, surgical camps or any other healthcare activity.
2. Chlorinated plastic bags, gloves and blood bags to be phased out within two years.
3. Pre-treatment of the laboratory waste, microbiological waste, blood samples and blood bags through disinfection or sterilisation on-site in the manner as prescribed by WHO or NACO.
4. Provide training to all its health care workers and immunise all health workers regularly
5. Establish a Bar-Code System for bags or containers containing bio-medical waste for disposal.
6. Report major accidents; (g) Existing incinerators to achieve the standards for retention time in secondary chamber and Dioxin and Furans within two years.
7. BMW has been classified in to 4 categories instead 10 to improve the segregation of waste at source.
8. Procedure to get authorisation simplified.
9. State govt to provide Land for BMW treatment plants.
#Environment_Current #PT2020 #2MinRevise
National Green Tribunal (NGT)
-It is set up under the National Green Tribunal Act (2010).
- Objective - effective and expeditious disposal of cases relating to environmental protection and conservation of forests and other natural resources.
- India - third country to set up a specialised environmental tribunal, after Australia and New Zealand.
- Mandatory disposal of cases = within 6 months.
Principal Seat - @ New Delhi.
4 Other Seat - Bhopal, Pune, Kolkata and Chennai.
Members tenure - 5 years
Reappointment.- Not eligible
Chairperson is appointed by the Centre in consultation with Chief Justice of India (CJI).
Powers & Jurisdiction
-Civil jurisdiction over cases relating to environment.
- It is not bound by Civil Procedure Code 1908, but guided by principles of 'natural justice'.
- It can provide relief and compensation to the environmental victims.
National Green Tribunal (NGT)
-It is set up under the National Green Tribunal Act (2010).
- Objective - effective and expeditious disposal of cases relating to environmental protection and conservation of forests and other natural resources.
- India - third country to set up a specialised environmental tribunal, after Australia and New Zealand.
- Mandatory disposal of cases = within 6 months.
Principal Seat - @ New Delhi.
4 Other Seat - Bhopal, Pune, Kolkata and Chennai.
Members tenure - 5 years
Reappointment.- Not eligible
Chairperson is appointed by the Centre in consultation with Chief Justice of India (CJI).
Powers & Jurisdiction
-Civil jurisdiction over cases relating to environment.
- It is not bound by Civil Procedure Code 1908, but guided by principles of 'natural justice'.
- It can provide relief and compensation to the environmental victims.
#Polity_current #2MinRead #PT2020
Epidemic Diseases (Amendment) Ordinance 2020
Background
During current CoVID-19 pandemic, there have been instances of attacks on members of healthcare services.
Features
1. 'Violence' will include harassment and physical injury and damage to property.
2. Healthcare service personnel include public and clinical healthcare service providers (doctors, nurses, paramedical workers etc)
Or any other persons empowered to prevent the outbreak of the disease.
3. The penal provisions can be invoked in instances of damage to property.
4. Acts of violence are made cognizable and non-bailable offences.
5. Punishments
A) Imprisonment for a term of three months to five years, and with fine of Rs.50,000/- to Rs.2,00,000/-.
B) In case of grave offence, imprisonment shall be for a term of six months to seven years and with fine of Rs.1,00,000/- to Rs.5,00,000/-.
C) Offender shall pay compensation to the victim, twice the fair market value for damage of property.
Epidemic Diseases (Amendment) Ordinance 2020
Background
During current CoVID-19 pandemic, there have been instances of attacks on members of healthcare services.
Features
1. 'Violence' will include harassment and physical injury and damage to property.
2. Healthcare service personnel include public and clinical healthcare service providers (doctors, nurses, paramedical workers etc)
Or any other persons empowered to prevent the outbreak of the disease.
3. The penal provisions can be invoked in instances of damage to property.
4. Acts of violence are made cognizable and non-bailable offences.
5. Punishments
A) Imprisonment for a term of three months to five years, and with fine of Rs.50,000/- to Rs.2,00,000/-.
B) In case of grave offence, imprisonment shall be for a term of six months to seven years and with fine of Rs.1,00,000/- to Rs.5,00,000/-.
C) Offender shall pay compensation to the victim, twice the fair market value for damage of property.