#Polity_current #PT2020

3 New official languages for J&K

- Kashmiri, Dogri and Hindi as official languages in the newly-created Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir.

- Only English and Urdu were official languages in the erstwhile State.

#Facts_Mains #PT2020

Global Innovation Index 2020

- It is a leading reference for measuring an economy’s innovation performance.
- Released by  Cornell University, INSEAD, and the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)
- rankings are based on 80 indicators, like research and development investments and international patent and trademark applications etc

Top 3 - Switzerland, Sweden and USA
India - 48th position

#IR_InNews #PT2020

East Asia Summit

- Established in 2005
- an ASEAN-centred forum for strategic dialogue and cooperation on the key political, security, and economic challenges facing the Indo-Pacific region.

India is one of the founding members of the East Asia Summit.

Members(18)
ASEAN(10 countries) + 8 others (Australia, China, Japan, India, New Zealand, the Republic of Korea, Russia and the USA.)
- can only be chaired by an ASEAN member.

News
- Recently, the 8th East Asia Summit Economic Ministers’ Meeting was held virtually.
- meeting highlighted the importance of strengthening regional supply chains to make them resilient in times of the Covid-19 pandemic and to spur economic growth.

#IR_InNews #PT2020

International Commission of Jurists

- Formed in 1952
- an international human rights NGO
- It consists of 60 eminent jurists—including senior judges, attorneys and academics

Headquarter - Geneva, Switzerland.

News
It has urged for a review of criminal contempt laws in India, expressing its concerns over the Supreme Court's decision to convict Advocate Prashant Bhushan for criminal contempt.

#Terms_InNews #PT2020

Line of Actual Control

- It is the demarcation that separates Indian-controlled territory from Chinese-controlled territory.

- India considers the LAC to be 3,488 km long, while the Chinese consider it to be only around 2,000 km.

- It is divided into three sectors:
1. Eastern sector - spans Arunachal Pradesh and Sikkim.

2. Middle sector - Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh.

3. Western sector in Ladakh.

#IR_InNews #PT2020

G-20
- It is an informal group of 19 countries and the European Union.
- It does not have any permanent secretariat or headquarters.
- membership comprises a mix of the world’s largest advanced and emerging economies.

- It represents about two-thirds of the world’s population, 85% of global gross domestic product, 80% of global investment and over 75% of global trade.

- The members of the G20 are Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Republic of Korea, Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Turkey, the United Kingdom, the United States and the European Union.

#SnT_Currents #PT2020

Hypersonic Technology Demonstrator Vehicle (HSTDV)

- Recently, DRDO) successfully flight tested it
- HSTDV is an unmanned scramjet demonstration aircraft that can travel at hypersonic speed.
- It uses hypersonic air-breathing scramjet technology.
- velocity of six times the speed of sound i.e. Mach 6.

#SnT_Currents #PT2020

Air Breathing Engine

- It uses oxygen from the atmosphere in the combustion of fuel.
- They include the turbojet, turboprop, ramjet, and pulse-jet.
- This system is lighter, efficient and cost-effective than other systems in use.

Types of Air Breathing engines

Ramjet: 
- uses the vehicle’s forward motion to compress incoming air for combustion without a rotating compressor.
- work most efficiently at supersonic speeds but not at hypersonic speeds.

Scramjet
- It is an improvement over the ramjet engine as it efficiently operates at hypersonic speeds and allows supersonic combustion.

Dual Mode Ramjet (DMRJ)
- It is a type of jet engine where a ramjet transforms into a scramjet over Mach 4-8 range.
- It can efficiently operate both in subsonic and supersonic combustion modes.

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#govt_initiative #PT2020

Atal Innovation Mission

- to promote a culture of innovation and entrepreneurship in the country.
- to develop new programmes and policies for fostering innovation in different sectors of the economy.

Major Initiatives

1. Atal Tinkering Labs
- for creating problem solving mindset across schools in India.

2. Atal Incubation Centers
- Fostering world class startups and adding a new dimension to the incubator model.

3. Atal New India Challenges
- Fostering product innovations and aligning them to the needs of various sectors/ministries.

4. Mentor India Campaign
A national mentor network in collaboration with the public sector, corporates and institutions, to support all the initiatives of the mission.

5. Atal Community Innovation Center
- To stimulate community centric innovation and ideas in the unserved/underserved regions of the country including Tier 2 and Tier 3 cities.

6. Atal Research and Innovation for Small Enterprises (ARISE)
- To stimulate innovation and research in the MSME industry.

#govt_initiative #PT2020

Shikshak Parv Initiative

- By Ministry of Education 
- It is being celebrated from 8th September- 25th September, 2020.
- Aim - to felicitate the Teachers and to take New Education Policy 2020 forward.

#govt_initiative #PT2020

Jigyasa

- It is a student – scientist connect programme launched in 2017.
- implemented by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) in collaboration with Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan (KVS).

- Focuses on connecting school students and scientists so as to extend student’s classroom learning with well planned research laboratory based learning.

#Environment_Current #PT2020

Black Carbon

- result of the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels, biofuels and biomass

- contributor to warming, because it is very effective at absorbing light and heating its surroundings

- When deposited on ice and snow, Black Carbon and co-emitted particles reduce surface albedo

- warming impact on climate that is 460-1,500 times stronger than CO2

#Polity_Current #PT2020

The Mineral Laws (Amendment) Act,2020
1. Companies having no prior coal mining experience can participate in the auction of coal/lignite blocks.

2. The government has lifted end-use restriction for coal mines to end the captive mining regime.
3. Allows prospecting licence-cum-mining lease (PL-cum-ML) for coal/lignite.

4. Will augment the exploration of the deep seated minerals and minerals of national interest by allowing Non Exclusive Reconnaissance Permit (NERP) holders.

#PT2020 #govt_initiative

Five Star Village Scheme

- by The Department of Posts. 
- to ensures the universal coverage (100 % coverage) of flagship postal schemes in rural areas of India.
- aimed at bridging the gaps in public awareness and reaching of postal products and services in remote villages.

- all postal products and services will be made available, marketed and publicised at village level.

Sub Schemes
1. Savings Bank accounts, Recurrent Deposit Accounts, NSC or KVP certificates.
2.Sukanya Samridhi Accounts or PPF Accounts.
3. Funded Post Office Savings Account linked India Post Payments Bank Accounts.
4. Postal Life Insurance Policy or Rural Postal Life Insurance Policy.
5. Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana or PM Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana Account.

🎲 Quiz ''PT25 Quiz - ArtNCulture''
'Practice UPSC like MCQs on artNculture'
🖊 25 questions · ⏱ 1 min

#govt_initiative #PT2020

Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana

- Recently, it was launched digitally
- It is a flagship scheme for focused and sustainable development of the fisheries sector.
- a part of the Aatmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan.
- aims to adopt ‘Cluster or Area-based Approaches’ and create fisheries clusters through backward and forward linkages.

- Focuses on employment generation activities such as seaweed and ornamental fish cultivation.

- Address critical gaps in fish production and productivity, quality, technology, post-harvest infrastructure and management,

Targets
- Enhance fish production by an additional 70 lakh tonne and increase fisheries export earnings to Rs.1,00,000 crore by 2024-25.
- Double the incomes of fishers and fish farmers.
- Reduce post-harvest losses from 20-25% to about 10%.
- Generate an additional 55 lakhs direct and indirect gainful employment opportunities in the fisheries sector and allied activities.

- Budget - Rs. 20,000 crore for a period of 5 years.

#environment_current #PT2020

Forest Conservation Act, 1980

- It puts a restrictions on the use of forest-land for non-forest purposes.

- It targeted to limit deforestation, conserve biodiversity and save wildlife.

🎲 Quiz ''PT25 Quiz - Polity''
'Practice UPSC like MCQs on Polity'
🖊 25 questions · ⏱ 1 min

#Prelims

Indira Gandhi Prize for Peace

- Indira Gandhi Prize for Peace, Disarmament and Development.
- It consists of a monetary award of Rs 25 lakh along with a citation
- given to individuals or organisations who work towards ensuring international peace and development, ensuring that scientific discoveries are used to further the scope of freedom and better humanity, and creating new international economic order.

News
Sir David Attenborough is to be presented with Indira Gandhi peace prize 2019.

#Prelims #Polity

Narcotics Control Bureau

- It was constituted by the Government of India in 1986 under the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985.

- It is the apex coordinating agency under the Ministry of Home Affairs.

- Drug abuse control is the responsibility of the central government.