#Polity_current #PT2020 #2MinRead
Consumer Protection Act, 2019 - (Part 1/3)
News: enforcement from July 20, replacing Consumer Protection Act, 1986.
Features
1. Definition of consumer
A consumer is defined as a person who buys any good or avails a service for a consumption, and Not for commercial purpose.
2. Includes both transactions offline, and online
3 Six-consumer rights Recognised
1. Right to Safety.
2. Right to be Informed.
3. Right to Choose.
4. Right to be heard.
5. Right to seek Redressal.
6. Right to Consumer Education.
Consumer Protection Act, 2019 - (Part 1/3)
News: enforcement from July 20, replacing Consumer Protection Act, 1986.
Features
1. Definition of consumer
A consumer is defined as a person who buys any good or avails a service for a consumption, and Not for commercial purpose.
2. Includes both transactions offline, and online
3 Six-consumer rights Recognised
1. Right to Safety.
2. Right to be Informed.
3. Right to Choose.
4. Right to be heard.
5. Right to seek Redressal.
6. Right to Consumer Education.
#Polity_current #PT2020
CPA -2019 - (Part 2/3)
Central Consumer Protection Authority
- To be set up by the Central govt.
- To promote, protect and enforce the rights of consumers
- Will regulate violation of consumer rights, unfair trade practices, and misleading advertisements.
- investigation wing, headed by a Director-General.
- may impose a penalty up to Rs 10 lakh and imprisonment up to 2 years for a false or misleading advertisement,, and 50 Lakh and upto 5 years in subsequent offence.
Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission
- To be set up at the district, state, and national levels.
- A consumer can file a complaint with CDRCs
- Complaints against an unfair contract can be filed only at the State and National levels.
Appeals
- from a District CDRC will be heard by the State CDRC. Appeals from the State CDRC will be heard by the National CDRC.
- Final appeal will lie before the Supreme Court.
Jurisdiction of CDRCs:
- District CDRC - complaints for goods and services upto 1 crore
- State CDRC - complaints for goods and services from 1 crore to 10 crore
- National CDRC - for more than 10 crores
(Continued... )
CPA -2019 - (Part 2/3)
Central Consumer Protection Authority
- To be set up by the Central govt.
- To promote, protect and enforce the rights of consumers
- Will regulate violation of consumer rights, unfair trade practices, and misleading advertisements.
- investigation wing, headed by a Director-General.
- may impose a penalty up to Rs 10 lakh and imprisonment up to 2 years for a false or misleading advertisement,, and 50 Lakh and upto 5 years in subsequent offence.
Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission
- To be set up at the district, state, and national levels.
- A consumer can file a complaint with CDRCs
- Complaints against an unfair contract can be filed only at the State and National levels.
Appeals
- from a District CDRC will be heard by the State CDRC. Appeals from the State CDRC will be heard by the National CDRC.
- Final appeal will lie before the Supreme Court.
Jurisdiction of CDRCs:
- District CDRC - complaints for goods and services upto 1 crore
- State CDRC - complaints for goods and services from 1 crore to 10 crore
- National CDRC - for more than 10 crores
(Continued... )
#Polity_current #PT2020
CPA -2019 - (Part 3/3)
Mediation
- The act provides Mediation Cells, to be attached to Consumer Commissions.
- Mediation to be held in consumer mediation cells.
- Panel of mediators to be selected by a selection committee consisting of the President and a member of Consumer Commission.
e-commerce platforms
- are brought under the regulations
- They will also have to mention the country of origin.
- They need to acknowledge the receipt of complaint within 48 hours and redress the complaint within 1 month from the date of receipt
Product Liability
A manufacturer or product service provider is made liable for damage due to defective product or deficiency in services.
CPA -2019 - (Part 3/3)
Mediation
- The act provides Mediation Cells, to be attached to Consumer Commissions.
- Mediation to be held in consumer mediation cells.
- Panel of mediators to be selected by a selection committee consisting of the President and a member of Consumer Commission.
e-commerce platforms
- are brought under the regulations
- They will also have to mention the country of origin.
- They need to acknowledge the receipt of complaint within 48 hours and redress the complaint within 1 month from the date of receipt
Product Liability
A manufacturer or product service provider is made liable for damage due to defective product or deficiency in services.
Friends, this 👆👆 is a Landmark Act... we can expect a question on this.
plz ensure All Important Points are properly prepared.
It is extremely important for PT n Mains 2020 and for 2021 as well.
Thanks.
Digicate
plz ensure All Important Points are properly prepared.
It is extremely important for PT n Mains 2020 and for 2021 as well.
Thanks.
Digicate
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30-Tests
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250+ Enrollments and still counting
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#SnT_Currents #PT2020
ANASIS II
- South Korea's military satellite to defend itself against nuclear armed North Korea.
- The satellite is to be placed at an orbit of 36,000 km.
- 10th country in the world to have its own military communication satellite.
- It will help to increase South Korean independent military operations.
ANASIS II
- South Korea's military satellite to defend itself against nuclear armed North Korea.
- The satellite is to be placed at an orbit of 36,000 km.
- 10th country in the world to have its own military communication satellite.
- It will help to increase South Korean independent military operations.
#2MinRead #Polity_current
Association for Democratic Reforms (ADR)
- It is an Indian non-governmental organization
- established-1999
- location - New Delhi.
- strives to bring transparency and accountability in Indian politics and reduce the influence of money and muscle power in elections.
Latest Data Analysis
Rajya Sabha
- about 24% sitting members have criminal cases against themselves.
- 89% have declared assets estimated at over Rs. 1 crore.
17th Lok Sabha:
- 43% of members are booked with criminal charges in court of law.
- 84% have self-declared assets worth more than Rs. 1 crore.
Association for Democratic Reforms (ADR)
- It is an Indian non-governmental organization
- established-1999
- location - New Delhi.
- strives to bring transparency and accountability in Indian politics and reduce the influence of money and muscle power in elections.
Latest Data Analysis
Rajya Sabha
- about 24% sitting members have criminal cases against themselves.
- 89% have declared assets estimated at over Rs. 1 crore.
17th Lok Sabha:
- 43% of members are booked with criminal charges in court of law.
- 84% have self-declared assets worth more than Rs. 1 crore.
#SnT_Currents #Polity_current
AuditOnline
- It is an application developed as a part of Panchayat Enterprise Suite (PES) under e-panchayat Mission Mode Project (MMP)
- initiated by the Ministry of Panchayati Raj (MoPR).
- It facilitates the financial audit of accounts at all the three levels of Panchayats, District, Block and Village Panchayats, Urban Local Bodies (ULB) and Line department by Auditors.
AuditOnline
- It is an application developed as a part of Panchayat Enterprise Suite (PES) under e-panchayat Mission Mode Project (MMP)
- initiated by the Ministry of Panchayati Raj (MoPR).
- It facilitates the financial audit of accounts at all the three levels of Panchayats, District, Block and Village Panchayats, Urban Local Bodies (ULB) and Line department by Auditors.
#PT2020 #SnT_Currents
Panchayat Enterprise Suite
- By Ministry of Panchayati Raj (MoPR)
- It is e-Panchayat Mission Mode Project (e-Panchayat MMP)
- Launched to introduce and strengthen e-Governance in Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs)
- a suite of 11 Core Common Applications has been deployed
- address nearly the entire spectrum of Panchayats' functioning like Planning, Monitoring, Budgeting, Accounting, Social Audit etc.
Panchayat Enterprise Suite
- By Ministry of Panchayati Raj (MoPR)
- It is e-Panchayat Mission Mode Project (e-Panchayat MMP)
- Launched to introduce and strengthen e-Governance in Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs)
- a suite of 11 Core Common Applications has been deployed
- address nearly the entire spectrum of Panchayats' functioning like Planning, Monitoring, Budgeting, Accounting, Social Audit etc.
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🎲 Quiz 'PT 25 Quiz - 26rd July'
Quiz on IMP Static and Current Affairs
🖊 25 questions · ⏱ 1 min
Quiz on IMP Static and Current Affairs
🖊 25 questions · ⏱ 1 min
#Polity_current #PT2020
Plea Bargaining
News - Foreign members of Tablighi Jamaat have obtained release from court cases by means of plea bargaining.
- It refers to a person charged with a criminal offence negotiating with the prosecution for a lesser punishment than what is provided in law by pleading guilty to a less serious offence.
- It primarily involves pre-trial negotiations between the accused and the prosecutor.
- Introduced in India in 2006 as an amendment to the CrPC
Plea Bargaining
News - Foreign members of Tablighi Jamaat have obtained release from court cases by means of plea bargaining.
- It refers to a person charged with a criminal offence negotiating with the prosecution for a lesser punishment than what is provided in law by pleading guilty to a less serious offence.
- It primarily involves pre-trial negotiations between the accused and the prosecutor.
- Introduced in India in 2006 as an amendment to the CrPC
#Economy_Current #PT2020 #2MinRead
National Financial Reporting Authority (NFRA)
- Constituted in 2018 under the Companies Act, 2013.
- It is an independent regulator for enforcement of auditing standards so as to enhance investor and public confidence in financial disclosures of companies.
Composition:
Chairperson - appointed by the Central Govt
Members - max 15
Functions
- To Recommend the centra govt on accounting and auditing policies and standards to be adopted by companies
- Monitor and enforce compliance with accounting standards and auditing standards
- It can probe listed companies and those unlisted public companies( paid-up capital of Rs 500 crore or annual turnover of at least Rs 1,000 crore.)
- It can also investigate professional misconduct committed by members of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI)..
National Financial Reporting Authority (NFRA)
- Constituted in 2018 under the Companies Act, 2013.
- It is an independent regulator for enforcement of auditing standards so as to enhance investor and public confidence in financial disclosures of companies.
Composition:
Chairperson - appointed by the Central Govt
Members - max 15
Functions
- To Recommend the centra govt on accounting and auditing policies and standards to be adopted by companies
- Monitor and enforce compliance with accounting standards and auditing standards
- It can probe listed companies and those unlisted public companies( paid-up capital of Rs 500 crore or annual turnover of at least Rs 1,000 crore.)
- It can also investigate professional misconduct committed by members of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI)..
#Govt_Initiative #PT2020
Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY)
- launched in the year 2016.
- by the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare.
- It replaced the National Agricultural Insurance Scheme (NAIS) and the Modified National Agricultural Insurance Scheme (MNAIS).
PMFBY fixes a uniform premium of 2% of the value of sum insured to be paid by farmers for all Kharif crops, 1.5% for all rabi crops, and 5% for annual commercial and horticultural crops or actuarial rate, whichever is less.
Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY)
- launched in the year 2016.
- by the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare.
- It replaced the National Agricultural Insurance Scheme (NAIS) and the Modified National Agricultural Insurance Scheme (MNAIS).
PMFBY fixes a uniform premium of 2% of the value of sum insured to be paid by farmers for all Kharif crops, 1.5% for all rabi crops, and 5% for annual commercial and horticultural crops or actuarial rate, whichever is less.
#Govt_Initiative #PT2020
Kisan Credit Card (KCC)
- introduced in 1998
- for providing adequate and timely credit support to the farmers for the cultivation and other needs like the purchase of agriculture inputs such as seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, etc.
Kisan Credit Card (KCC)
- introduced in 1998
- for providing adequate and timely credit support to the farmers for the cultivation and other needs like the purchase of agriculture inputs such as seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, etc.
#SnT_Currents #PT2020
ASTHROS Mission
- Astrophysics Stratospheric Telescope for High Spectral Resolution Observation as Sub millimetre wavelengths.
- Launched by NASA
- large balloons will be sent from Antarctica in December 2023 into stratosphere.
- It will observe air currents above the continent
- observe wavelengths of invisible light from the earth.
- The balloon has a telescope, sub systems, science instruments, electronic systems and cooling systems.
- Balloon is to be inflated with Helium
Applications
- It will study giant stars and their formation in the Milky Way Galaxy.
- The mission for the first time will detect and map the presence of two specific types of nitrogen ions.
- These ions will help to reveal places where winds from supernova explosions of massive stars helped to reshape the gas clouds
ASTHROS Mission
- Astrophysics Stratospheric Telescope for High Spectral Resolution Observation as Sub millimetre wavelengths.
- Launched by NASA
- large balloons will be sent from Antarctica in December 2023 into stratosphere.
- It will observe air currents above the continent
- observe wavelengths of invisible light from the earth.
- The balloon has a telescope, sub systems, science instruments, electronic systems and cooling systems.
- Balloon is to be inflated with Helium
Applications
- It will study giant stars and their formation in the Milky Way Galaxy.
- The mission for the first time will detect and map the presence of two specific types of nitrogen ions.
- These ions will help to reveal places where winds from supernova explosions of massive stars helped to reshape the gas clouds
#SnT_Currents #PT2020
Drugs Controller General of India
- under Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
- responsible to clear the drugs for medicinal treatments
- Operates within the department of Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) to approve licenses of drugs, vaccines, IV fluids.
- It acts as appellate authority in case of dispute regarding quality of drugs.
- It prepares and maintains national reference standard.
News - National Task Force on COVID-19 recently decided against using Itolizumab in clinical management protocols on COVID-19.
Drugs Controller General of India
- under Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
- responsible to clear the drugs for medicinal treatments
- Operates within the department of Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) to approve licenses of drugs, vaccines, IV fluids.
- It acts as appellate authority in case of dispute regarding quality of drugs.
- It prepares and maintains national reference standard.
News - National Task Force on COVID-19 recently decided against using Itolizumab in clinical management protocols on COVID-19.
#SnT_Currents #PT2020 #2MinRead
COVISHIELD Vaccine
- Developed by Oxford University and AstraZeneca.
- Recently, Central Drugs Standard Control Organization allowed clinical trials(Phase 3) in India.
Other Vaccines for CoVID-19 in the Race
1.COVAXIN
-developed by Bharat Biotech and ICMR
2. CanSino
- developed by the Chinese firm Casino Biologistics
3. BNT162
- developed by German biotech firm.
COVISHIELD Vaccine
- Developed by Oxford University and AstraZeneca.
- Recently, Central Drugs Standard Control Organization allowed clinical trials(Phase 3) in India.
Other Vaccines for CoVID-19 in the Race
1.COVAXIN
-developed by Bharat Biotech and ICMR
2. CanSino
- developed by the Chinese firm Casino Biologistics
3. BNT162
- developed by German biotech firm.
#Geography_Current #PT2020
Nag River
It is a river flowing through the city of Nagpur in Maharashtra.
It's a part of the Kanhan-Pench river system.
News- Recently Bombay High Court observed that Industrialisation has reduced Nag river to a cursed lady.
Nag River
It is a river flowing through the city of Nagpur in Maharashtra.
It's a part of the Kanhan-Pench river system.
News- Recently Bombay High Court observed that Industrialisation has reduced Nag river to a cursed lady.
#IR_InNews #PT2020
Istanbul Convention
-Its for preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence.
- adopted by the Council of Europe Committee of Ministers on 7 April 2011
- signed by 45 countries and the European Union.
- world’s first binding instrument to prevent and tackle violence against women.
- sets minimum standards for governments to meet when tackling violence against women.
News- Poland has withdrew from the convention.
Istanbul Convention
-Its for preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence.
- adopted by the Council of Europe Committee of Ministers on 7 April 2011
- signed by 45 countries and the European Union.
- world’s first binding instrument to prevent and tackle violence against women.
- sets minimum standards for governments to meet when tackling violence against women.
News- Poland has withdrew from the convention.
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