Forwarded from VV Ronge Patil via @QuizBot
🎲 Quiz ''PT 25 - Quiz - 24th June''
Practice MCQs on IMP Static and Current Affairs of last 1 year.
🖊 25 questions · ⏱ 1 min
Practice MCQs on IMP Static and Current Affairs of last 1 year.
🖊 25 questions · ⏱ 1 min
#TermsInNews #PT2020
GAFA TAX
- Its named after Google, Apple, Facebook, Amazon
- It is a proposed digital tax to be levied on large technology and internet companies.
Significant Economic Presence (SEP)
- Transaction in respect of any goods, services or property carried out by a non-resident in India, including the provision of download of data or software in India.
Equalization Levy
- Finance Act, 2016 introduced it, at internet advertising providers that earn income from India, and do not have a permanent establishment for tax purposes in India.
GAFA TAX
- Its named after Google, Apple, Facebook, Amazon
- It is a proposed digital tax to be levied on large technology and internet companies.
Significant Economic Presence (SEP)
- Transaction in respect of any goods, services or property carried out by a non-resident in India, including the provision of download of data or software in India.
Equalization Levy
- Finance Act, 2016 introduced it, at internet advertising providers that earn income from India, and do not have a permanent establishment for tax purposes in India.
#Index_InNews #PT2020
Multidimensional Poverty Index 2019
- It is a measure that takes into account the incidence of poverty and the extent of deprivation.
- It is calculated by Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative and United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).
- The MPI value ranges between 0 and 1(from lowest to highest)
- It has been calculated for 105 developing economies.
- Multidimensionally poor means that poverty is defined not simply by income, but by a number of indicators, including poor health, poor quality of work and the threat of violence.
Findings of 2019 Report
- As per Index 1.3 billion people in the world are still multidimensionally poor.
- Every second child below the age of 18 years is multidimensionally poor in the world.
- India lifted 271 million people out of poverty between 2006 and 2016, (reduced from 0.283 in 2005-06 to 0.123 in 2015-16)
Multidimensional Poverty Index 2019
- It is a measure that takes into account the incidence of poverty and the extent of deprivation.
- It is calculated by Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative and United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).
- The MPI value ranges between 0 and 1(from lowest to highest)
- It has been calculated for 105 developing economies.
- Multidimensionally poor means that poverty is defined not simply by income, but by a number of indicators, including poor health, poor quality of work and the threat of violence.
Findings of 2019 Report
- As per Index 1.3 billion people in the world are still multidimensionally poor.
- Every second child below the age of 18 years is multidimensionally poor in the world.
- India lifted 271 million people out of poverty between 2006 and 2016, (reduced from 0.283 in 2005-06 to 0.123 in 2015-16)
#Environment_Current #PT2020
Decarbonizing Transport Project Emerging Economies (DTEE)
News -
Recently, NITI Aayog and the International Transport Forum (ITF) launched it in India.
Its a five-year project to develop a low-carbon transport system through the development of modelling tools and policies.
It supports transport decarbonisation across different world regions.
Participating countries - India, Argentina, Azerbaijan, and Morocco.
- It is a collaborative project of the ITF and the Wuppertal Institute and International Climate Initiative (IKI) of the German Federal Ministry for the Environment
Decarbonizing Transport Project Emerging Economies (DTEE)
News -
Recently, NITI Aayog and the International Transport Forum (ITF) launched it in India.
Its a five-year project to develop a low-carbon transport system through the development of modelling tools and policies.
It supports transport decarbonisation across different world regions.
Participating countries - India, Argentina, Azerbaijan, and Morocco.
- It is a collaborative project of the ITF and the Wuppertal Institute and International Climate Initiative (IKI) of the German Federal Ministry for the Environment
#2MinRead #PT2020
International Transport Forum (ITF)
- Formed in 2006 by 43 countries.
- Headquarter - in Paris, France.
- It is an intergovernmental organisation within the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) with 60 member countries.
- It acts as a think tank for transport policy and organises the Annual Summit of transport ministers.
- ITF is the only global body that covers all transport modes.
- The ITF is administratively integrated with the OECD, yet politically autonomous.
International Transport Forum (ITF)
- Formed in 2006 by 43 countries.
- Headquarter - in Paris, France.
- It is an intergovernmental organisation within the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) with 60 member countries.
- It acts as a think tank for transport policy and organises the Annual Summit of transport ministers.
- ITF is the only global body that covers all transport modes.
- The ITF is administratively integrated with the OECD, yet politically autonomous.
#IR_InNews #PT2020
75th United Nations Day
Its 75th anniversary is on 24 October 2020.
To mark its 75th anniversary, the UN is igniting a people’s debate: UN75, to encourage people to put their opinions on how enhanced international cooperation can help realize a better world by 2045.
UN Day marks the anniversary of the entry into force of the UN Charter and the founding of the Organization in 1945.
Context
Recently, a commemorative declaration marking the 75th anniversary of the signing of the United Nations (UN) Charter was delayed as member states could not reach an agreement on phraseology.
Five Eyes (FVEY)— Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the United States, along with India, objected (hence broke the silence process) to the use of a phrase “shared vision of a common future”, which is associated with China.
Silence process is a procedure by which a resolution passes if no formal objections are raised within a stipulated time.
75th United Nations Day
Its 75th anniversary is on 24 October 2020.
To mark its 75th anniversary, the UN is igniting a people’s debate: UN75, to encourage people to put their opinions on how enhanced international cooperation can help realize a better world by 2045.
UN Day marks the anniversary of the entry into force of the UN Charter and the founding of the Organization in 1945.
Context
Recently, a commemorative declaration marking the 75th anniversary of the signing of the United Nations (UN) Charter was delayed as member states could not reach an agreement on phraseology.
Five Eyes (FVEY)— Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the United States, along with India, objected (hence broke the silence process) to the use of a phrase “shared vision of a common future”, which is associated with China.
Silence process is a procedure by which a resolution passes if no formal objections are raised within a stipulated time.
#OrgInNews #PT2020 #2MinRead
United Nations
- It is an intergovernmental organization
- Aims to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and be a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations.
- UN is headquartered on international territory in New York City, with its other main offices in Geneva, Nairobi, Vienna and The Hague.
- Official languages - Arabic, Chinese, English French, Russian and Spanish
- Members - 193 member states
2 observer states
Six main organs of the UN
1. General Assembly,
2. Security Council,
3. Economic and Social Council,
4. Trusteeship Council,
5. International Court of Justice,
6. UN Secretariat.
United Nations
- It is an intergovernmental organization
- Aims to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and be a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations.
- UN is headquartered on international territory in New York City, with its other main offices in Geneva, Nairobi, Vienna and The Hague.
- Official languages - Arabic, Chinese, English French, Russian and Spanish
- Members - 193 member states
2 observer states
Six main organs of the UN
1. General Assembly,
2. Security Council,
3. Economic and Social Council,
4. Trusteeship Council,
5. International Court of Justice,
6. UN Secretariat.
#OrgInNews #PT2020 #2MinRead
ASEAN
- Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Summit
- It is a regional grouping that promotes economic, political, and security cooperation.
- Established in 1967 in Bangkok, Thailand, with ASEAN Declaration (Bangkok Declaration)
- Secretariat - Jakarta, Indonesia
- Founding fathers of ASEAN - Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand.
- It consists of 10 members namely, Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam.
- Chairmanship of ASEAN rotates annually, based on the alphabetical order of the English names of Member States.
- ASEAN countries have a total population of 650 million people and a combined Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of $2.8 trillion.
News -
Recently, the 36th ASEAN Summit was held via video conference to focus on the Covid-19 pandemic response, post-pandemic recovery and further cooperation.
ASEAN
- Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Summit
- It is a regional grouping that promotes economic, political, and security cooperation.
- Established in 1967 in Bangkok, Thailand, with ASEAN Declaration (Bangkok Declaration)
- Secretariat - Jakarta, Indonesia
- Founding fathers of ASEAN - Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand.
- It consists of 10 members namely, Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam.
- Chairmanship of ASEAN rotates annually, based on the alphabetical order of the English names of Member States.
- ASEAN countries have a total population of 650 million people and a combined Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of $2.8 trillion.
News -
Recently, the 36th ASEAN Summit was held via video conference to focus on the Covid-19 pandemic response, post-pandemic recovery and further cooperation.
#Govt_Initiative #2MinRead #PT2020
Skills Build Reignite
- Launched by Ministry of Skill Development And Entrepreneurship and IBM
- It's a Free Digital Learning Platform to reach more job seekers & provide new resources to business owners in India.
- provides access to free online coursework and mentoring support designed to help them reinvent careers and businesses.
- content on topics like Artificial intelligence, Cloud, Data analytics and security to reskill and upskill themselves, is provided at no cost.
- There is also personalized coaching for entrepreneurs, seeking advice on recovery out of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Skills Build Reignite
- Launched by Ministry of Skill Development And Entrepreneurship and IBM
- It's a Free Digital Learning Platform to reach more job seekers & provide new resources to business owners in India.
- provides access to free online coursework and mentoring support designed to help them reinvent careers and businesses.
- content on topics like Artificial intelligence, Cloud, Data analytics and security to reskill and upskill themselves, is provided at no cost.
- There is also personalized coaching for entrepreneurs, seeking advice on recovery out of the COVID-19 pandemic.
#IR_InNews #PT2020
STARS Program
- It stands for ‘Strengthening Teaching-Learning and Results for States Program’.
- Launched in 1994 by World Bank Group
- It helps in addressing the learning outcome challenges existing in the educational system in rural parts of India.
- It supports ‘Education for All’ initiative of central govt.
News-
World Bank Group has announced a loan of USD 500 million for improving the quality and governance of school education system in India.
@Digicate
STARS Program
- It stands for ‘Strengthening Teaching-Learning and Results for States Program’.
- Launched in 1994 by World Bank Group
- It helps in addressing the learning outcome challenges existing in the educational system in rural parts of India.
- It supports ‘Education for All’ initiative of central govt.
News-
World Bank Group has announced a loan of USD 500 million for improving the quality and governance of school education system in India.
@Digicate
#Environment_Basic #PT2020 #2MinRead
Great Indian Bustard
- It is a large bird with a horizontal body and long bare legs (ostrich like appearance)
- This bird is among the heaviest of the flying birds.
- They are often found associated in the same habitat as blackbuck
- Naturally Found in - Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan
Population: about 150 individuals worldwide and largest populations are found in Rajasthan.
Conservation Status:
- It is Listed in- Schedule I of Indian Wildlife (Protection)Act, 1972 and Bonn Convention
- Appendix I of CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora)
- IUCN Red List- as Critically Endangered
Great Indian Bustard
- It is a large bird with a horizontal body and long bare legs (ostrich like appearance)
- This bird is among the heaviest of the flying birds.
- They are often found associated in the same habitat as blackbuck
- Naturally Found in - Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan
Population: about 150 individuals worldwide and largest populations are found in Rajasthan.
Conservation Status:
- It is Listed in- Schedule I of Indian Wildlife (Protection)Act, 1972 and Bonn Convention
- Appendix I of CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora)
- IUCN Red List- as Critically Endangered
#Environment_Basic #PT2020
CITES Convention
- Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora
- It is as an international agreement aimed at ensuring that international trade in specimens of wild animals and plants does not threaten their survival.
- Its text was agreed in Washington, DC, in 1973 (So it is also referred to as Washington Convention) and entered into force in 1975.
- Parties - 183
- It is legally binding on Parties i.e. they are committed to implementing it.
- It is administered through United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP).
- Secretariat - Geneva, Switzerland.
CITES Appendix:
- It classifies plants and animals according to three categories, or appendices, based on level of threats faced by them.
- CITES also restricts trade in items made from such plants and animals, such as food, medicine, clothing, and souvenirs etc.
Appendix I: It includes species threatened with extinction. completely bans commercial trade in specimens of these species. But permitted only in exceptional circumstances.
Appendix II: species that are not necessarily threatened with extinction, but may become so unless protected.
Appendix III: It contains species that are protected in at least one country, which has asked other CITES Parties for assistance in controlling the trade.
CITES Convention
- Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora
- It is as an international agreement aimed at ensuring that international trade in specimens of wild animals and plants does not threaten their survival.
- Its text was agreed in Washington, DC, in 1973 (So it is also referred to as Washington Convention) and entered into force in 1975.
- Parties - 183
- It is legally binding on Parties i.e. they are committed to implementing it.
- It is administered through United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP).
- Secretariat - Geneva, Switzerland.
CITES Appendix:
- It classifies plants and animals according to three categories, or appendices, based on level of threats faced by them.
- CITES also restricts trade in items made from such plants and animals, such as food, medicine, clothing, and souvenirs etc.
Appendix I: It includes species threatened with extinction. completely bans commercial trade in specimens of these species. But permitted only in exceptional circumstances.
Appendix II: species that are not necessarily threatened with extinction, but may become so unless protected.
Appendix III: It contains species that are protected in at least one country, which has asked other CITES Parties for assistance in controlling the trade.
#Environment_Current #PT2020
Okjokull glacier
- Location - Iceland
- It is 1st Icelandic glacier to lose its status as glacier.
- The glacier was officially declared dead by Icelandic Meteorological Office (IMO)
- Scientists warn that hundreds of other ice sheets on subarctic island risk the same fate.
- Iceland loses about 11 billion tonnes of ice/year. Scientists fear that all of island country’s 400-plus glaciers will be gone by 2200.
Okjokull glacier
- Location - Iceland
- It is 1st Icelandic glacier to lose its status as glacier.
- The glacier was officially declared dead by Icelandic Meteorological Office (IMO)
- Scientists warn that hundreds of other ice sheets on subarctic island risk the same fate.
- Iceland loses about 11 billion tonnes of ice/year. Scientists fear that all of island country’s 400-plus glaciers will be gone by 2200.
#Environment_Current #PT2020 #2MinRead
Conference of Parties(CoP)- 13 - Bonn Convention
- Held in India in March 2020.
- Theme - “Migratory species connect the planet, and We welcome them home”.
- Mascot - Great Indian Bustard
- Logo: Kolam Art form of Southern India
Highlights
- A draft resolution was presented by the European Union: EUROBATS Agreement- focuses on insect decline.
- The ‘State of India’s Birds Report 2020’ was released - 79% of Indian species of birds declined in population.
- 3 Migratory Mammals Targeted
1. Gobi Bear
- found in Gobi-desert of Mongolia
- Critically Endangered, IUCN Red List
2. Persian Leopards
- found in Iran, Afghanistan and Central Asia
- Endangered, IUCN Red List
3. Urials (Wild sheeps)
- Found in Kazakhstan, Pakistan and India
- Vulnerable, IUCN Red List
@Digicate
Conference of Parties(CoP)- 13 - Bonn Convention
- Held in India in March 2020.
- Theme - “Migratory species connect the planet, and We welcome them home”.
- Mascot - Great Indian Bustard
- Logo: Kolam Art form of Southern India
Highlights
- A draft resolution was presented by the European Union: EUROBATS Agreement- focuses on insect decline.
- The ‘State of India’s Birds Report 2020’ was released - 79% of Indian species of birds declined in population.
- 3 Migratory Mammals Targeted
1. Gobi Bear
- found in Gobi-desert of Mongolia
- Critically Endangered, IUCN Red List
2. Persian Leopards
- found in Iran, Afghanistan and Central Asia
- Endangered, IUCN Red List
3. Urials (Wild sheeps)
- Found in Kazakhstan, Pakistan and India
- Vulnerable, IUCN Red List
@Digicate
#Environment_Basic
Convention on Migratory Species (CMS)
- also called as Bonn Convention
- It is an international agreement that aims to conserve migratory species within their migratory ranges.
- signed in 1979 under the United Nations Environment Programme
- Parties - 129 States
- Location - Bonn, Germany
- It is the only global intergovernmental organization established exclusively for the conservation and management of terrestrial, aquatic and avian migratory species.
- India has been a Party to the CMS since the year 1983.
Appendix I
Under this convention, migratory species which are threatened with extinction are listed on
Appendix II
Migratory species which need or would significantly benefit from international co-operation are listed on.
@Digicate
Convention on Migratory Species (CMS)
- also called as Bonn Convention
- It is an international agreement that aims to conserve migratory species within their migratory ranges.
- signed in 1979 under the United Nations Environment Programme
- Parties - 129 States
- Location - Bonn, Germany
- It is the only global intergovernmental organization established exclusively for the conservation and management of terrestrial, aquatic and avian migratory species.
- India has been a Party to the CMS since the year 1983.
Appendix I
Under this convention, migratory species which are threatened with extinction are listed on
Appendix II
Migratory species which need or would significantly benefit from international co-operation are listed on.
@Digicate
#PT2020 #IR_OrgInNews
Feed Our Future Campaign
Recently United Nations World Food Programme (WFP) has launched it against hunger and malnutrition in India.
- Its cinema ad campaign
- It highlights potential loss to the world when children’s voices are silenced due to hunger
Feed Our Future Campaign
Recently United Nations World Food Programme (WFP) has launched it against hunger and malnutrition in India.
- Its cinema ad campaign
- It highlights potential loss to the world when children’s voices are silenced due to hunger
#PT2020 #IR_OrgInNews
World Food Programme (WFP)
- It is the food-assistance branch of United Nations.
- It is a member of UN Development Group (UNDG) and part of its Executive Committee.
- It was established in 1961 after Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) Conference 1960.
- It is headquartered in Rome, Italy.
- IIt is the world’s largest humanitarian organization promoting food security and addressing hunger.
- It provides food assistance to around approx. 80 million people in 75 countries each year.
- It works to help people who cannot obtain enough food or produce enough food for themselves and their families.
World Food Programme (WFP)
- It is the food-assistance branch of United Nations.
- It is a member of UN Development Group (UNDG) and part of its Executive Committee.
- It was established in 1961 after Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) Conference 1960.
- It is headquartered in Rome, Italy.
- IIt is the world’s largest humanitarian organization promoting food security and addressing hunger.
- It provides food assistance to around approx. 80 million people in 75 countries each year.
- It works to help people who cannot obtain enough food or produce enough food for themselves and their families.
Digicate IAS via @QuizBot
🎲 Quiz 'PT 25 QUIZ - 1st July'
Practice MCQs for PT2020
🖊 25 questions · ⏱ 1 min
Practice MCQs for PT2020
🖊 25 questions · ⏱ 1 min
#Geography_Current #PT2020 #2MinRead
Zealandia
- It is also called as New Zealand continent or Tasmantis - It is 8th Continent,
- Its existence was confirmed as 8th continent in 2017.
- 94% of Zealandia’s 2 million square miles are underwater,
- It is an almost entirely submerged mass of continental crust that subsided after breaking away from Gondwanaland 83–79 million years ago.
- The name and concept for Zealandia was proposed by Bruce Luyendyk in 1995
NEWS
Researchers from GNS Science in New Zealand have announced that they mapped the shape and size of the Zealandia continent.
Zealandia
- It is also called as New Zealand continent or Tasmantis - It is 8th Continent,
- Its existence was confirmed as 8th continent in 2017.
- 94% of Zealandia’s 2 million square miles are underwater,
- It is an almost entirely submerged mass of continental crust that subsided after breaking away from Gondwanaland 83–79 million years ago.
- The name and concept for Zealandia was proposed by Bruce Luyendyk in 1995
NEWS
Researchers from GNS Science in New Zealand have announced that they mapped the shape and size of the Zealandia continent.
#Facts_Prelims #PT2020 #History_Static
Political Organizations before Congress formation
1. Landholders Society(Zamindari Association)
Founded - 1836 - Calcutta
By: Dwarkanath Tagore
2. British India Society
Founded - 1839 - London
By: William Adam
3. Bengal British India Society
Founded - 1843 - Calcutta
By - George Thompson
4. British India Association
Founded - 1852 - Calcutta
By - Dwarkanath Tagore
5. Madras Native Association
Founded - 1852 - Madras
By: Gazulu Lakshminarasu Chetty
6. Bombay Association
Founded - 1852 - Bombay
By - Jagannath Shankar Seth
7. East India Association
Founded - 1866 - London
By - Dadabhai Naoroji
8. National Indian Association
Founded - 1867 - London
By - Mary Carpenter
9. Poona Sarvajanik Sabha
Founded - 1876 - Pune
By: Mahadev Govind Ranade, Ganesh Vasudeo Joshi, S. H. Chiplunkar
10. Indian Society
Founded - 1872 - London
By - Anand Mohan Bose
11. Indian Association
Founded - 1876 - Calcutta
By: Surendranath Banerjee and Ananda Mohan Bose
12. Madras Mahajan Sabha
Founded - 1884 - Madras
By - M. Veeraraghavachariar, G. Subramania Iyer and P. Anandacharlu
13. Bombay Presidency Association
Founded - 1885 - Bombay
By - Phirozshah Mehta, K.T Telang and Badruddin Tyabji
@Digicate
Political Organizations before Congress formation
1. Landholders Society(Zamindari Association)
Founded - 1836 - Calcutta
By: Dwarkanath Tagore
2. British India Society
Founded - 1839 - London
By: William Adam
3. Bengal British India Society
Founded - 1843 - Calcutta
By - George Thompson
4. British India Association
Founded - 1852 - Calcutta
By - Dwarkanath Tagore
5. Madras Native Association
Founded - 1852 - Madras
By: Gazulu Lakshminarasu Chetty
6. Bombay Association
Founded - 1852 - Bombay
By - Jagannath Shankar Seth
7. East India Association
Founded - 1866 - London
By - Dadabhai Naoroji
8. National Indian Association
Founded - 1867 - London
By - Mary Carpenter
9. Poona Sarvajanik Sabha
Founded - 1876 - Pune
By: Mahadev Govind Ranade, Ganesh Vasudeo Joshi, S. H. Chiplunkar
10. Indian Society
Founded - 1872 - London
By - Anand Mohan Bose
11. Indian Association
Founded - 1876 - Calcutta
By: Surendranath Banerjee and Ananda Mohan Bose
12. Madras Mahajan Sabha
Founded - 1884 - Madras
By - M. Veeraraghavachariar, G. Subramania Iyer and P. Anandacharlu
13. Bombay Presidency Association
Founded - 1885 - Bombay
By - Phirozshah Mehta, K.T Telang and Badruddin Tyabji
@Digicate
#Facts_Prelims #PT2020
Socio-Religious Organisations during Freedom Movement - (Part 1/3)
1. Arya Samaj - Swami Dayanand Sarswati
2. Brahmo samaj - Raja Ram Mohan Roy
3. Ramakrishna mission - Swami Vivekanand
4. Prarthana samaj - RG Bhandarkar & MG Ranade
5. Gadar party - Lala Hardayal
6. Atmiya sabha - Raja Ram Mohan Roy
7. Tattvabodhini sabha - Debendra Nath Tagore
8. Satyashodhak samaj - Jyotirao Phule
9. Harijan sevak sangh - Mahatma Gandhi
10. Missionaries of Charity - Mother Teresa
11. Bahiskrit Hitkarni Sabha - Dr BR Ambedkar
12. Dev Samaj - Swami Satyanand Agnihotri
13. Rashtriya Swayam Sevak Sangh - Dr Baliram Hedgewar
@Digicate
Socio-Religious Organisations during Freedom Movement - (Part 1/3)
1. Arya Samaj - Swami Dayanand Sarswati
2. Brahmo samaj - Raja Ram Mohan Roy
3. Ramakrishna mission - Swami Vivekanand
4. Prarthana samaj - RG Bhandarkar & MG Ranade
5. Gadar party - Lala Hardayal
6. Atmiya sabha - Raja Ram Mohan Roy
7. Tattvabodhini sabha - Debendra Nath Tagore
8. Satyashodhak samaj - Jyotirao Phule
9. Harijan sevak sangh - Mahatma Gandhi
10. Missionaries of Charity - Mother Teresa
11. Bahiskrit Hitkarni Sabha - Dr BR Ambedkar
12. Dev Samaj - Swami Satyanand Agnihotri
13. Rashtriya Swayam Sevak Sangh - Dr Baliram Hedgewar
@Digicate