#Environment_Current #PT2020 #2MinRead
NGT over COVID-19 Bio-Medical Waste disposal
- Recently, National Green Tribunal(NGT) has observed gaps in compliance of the Bio Medical Waste Management Rules, 2016, applicable to the disposal of waste generated out of handling CoVID-19 disease.
- Futher NGT ruled that there is a need for revision of the guidelines for ‘Handling, Treatment and Disposal of Waste Generated during Treatment, Diagnosis, Quarantine of COVID-19 Patients’ issued by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) recently.
NGT over COVID-19 Bio-Medical Waste disposal
- Recently, National Green Tribunal(NGT) has observed gaps in compliance of the Bio Medical Waste Management Rules, 2016, applicable to the disposal of waste generated out of handling CoVID-19 disease.
- Futher NGT ruled that there is a need for revision of the guidelines for ‘Handling, Treatment and Disposal of Waste Generated during Treatment, Diagnosis, Quarantine of COVID-19 Patients’ issued by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) recently.
#Environment_Current #PT2020 #2MinRevise
Bio Medical Waste Management Rules, 2016
- Biomedical waste(BMW) comprises human & animal anatomical waste, treatment apparatus like needles, syringes and other materials used in health care facilities.
- Scientific and Eco friendly disposal of BMW through segregation, collection minimises the adverse impact on health workers and on the environment.
- Total BMW generation in the country is 484 TPD out of which 447 TPD is treated.
Features of BMW Rules 2016
1. The ambit of the rules has been expanded to include vaccination camps, blood donation camps, surgical camps or any other healthcare activity.
2. Chlorinated plastic bags, gloves and blood bags to be phased out within two years.
3. Pre-treatment of the laboratory waste, microbiological waste, blood samples and blood bags through disinfection or sterilisation on-site in the manner as prescribed by WHO or NACO.
4. Provide training to all its health care workers and immunise all health workers regularly
5. Establish a Bar-Code System for bags or containers containing bio-medical waste for disposal.
6. Report major accidents; (g) Existing incinerators to achieve the standards for retention time in secondary chamber and Dioxin and Furans within two years.
7. BMW has been classified in to 4 categories instead 10 to improve the segregation of waste at source.
8. Procedure to get authorisation simplified.
9. State govt to provide Land for BMW treatment plants.
Bio Medical Waste Management Rules, 2016
- Biomedical waste(BMW) comprises human & animal anatomical waste, treatment apparatus like needles, syringes and other materials used in health care facilities.
- Scientific and Eco friendly disposal of BMW through segregation, collection minimises the adverse impact on health workers and on the environment.
- Total BMW generation in the country is 484 TPD out of which 447 TPD is treated.
Features of BMW Rules 2016
1. The ambit of the rules has been expanded to include vaccination camps, blood donation camps, surgical camps or any other healthcare activity.
2. Chlorinated plastic bags, gloves and blood bags to be phased out within two years.
3. Pre-treatment of the laboratory waste, microbiological waste, blood samples and blood bags through disinfection or sterilisation on-site in the manner as prescribed by WHO or NACO.
4. Provide training to all its health care workers and immunise all health workers regularly
5. Establish a Bar-Code System for bags or containers containing bio-medical waste for disposal.
6. Report major accidents; (g) Existing incinerators to achieve the standards for retention time in secondary chamber and Dioxin and Furans within two years.
7. BMW has been classified in to 4 categories instead 10 to improve the segregation of waste at source.
8. Procedure to get authorisation simplified.
9. State govt to provide Land for BMW treatment plants.
#Environment_Current #PT2020 #2MinRevise
National Green Tribunal (NGT)
-It is set up under the National Green Tribunal Act (2010).
- Objective - effective and expeditious disposal of cases relating to environmental protection and conservation of forests and other natural resources.
- India - third country to set up a specialised environmental tribunal, after Australia and New Zealand.
- Mandatory disposal of cases = within 6 months.
Principal Seat - @ New Delhi.
4 Other Seat - Bhopal, Pune, Kolkata and Chennai.
Members tenure - 5 years
Reappointment.- Not eligible
Chairperson is appointed by the Centre in consultation with Chief Justice of India (CJI).
Powers & Jurisdiction
-Civil jurisdiction over cases relating to environment.
- It is not bound by Civil Procedure Code 1908, but guided by principles of 'natural justice'.
- It can provide relief and compensation to the environmental victims.
National Green Tribunal (NGT)
-It is set up under the National Green Tribunal Act (2010).
- Objective - effective and expeditious disposal of cases relating to environmental protection and conservation of forests and other natural resources.
- India - third country to set up a specialised environmental tribunal, after Australia and New Zealand.
- Mandatory disposal of cases = within 6 months.
Principal Seat - @ New Delhi.
4 Other Seat - Bhopal, Pune, Kolkata and Chennai.
Members tenure - 5 years
Reappointment.- Not eligible
Chairperson is appointed by the Centre in consultation with Chief Justice of India (CJI).
Powers & Jurisdiction
-Civil jurisdiction over cases relating to environment.
- It is not bound by Civil Procedure Code 1908, but guided by principles of 'natural justice'.
- It can provide relief and compensation to the environmental victims.
#Polity_current #2MinRead #PT2020
Epidemic Diseases (Amendment) Ordinance 2020
Background
During current CoVID-19 pandemic, there have been instances of attacks on members of healthcare services.
Features
1. 'Violence' will include harassment and physical injury and damage to property.
2. Healthcare service personnel include public and clinical healthcare service providers (doctors, nurses, paramedical workers etc)
Or any other persons empowered to prevent the outbreak of the disease.
3. The penal provisions can be invoked in instances of damage to property.
4. Acts of violence are made cognizable and non-bailable offences.
5. Punishments
A) Imprisonment for a term of three months to five years, and with fine of Rs.50,000/- to Rs.2,00,000/-.
B) In case of grave offence, imprisonment shall be for a term of six months to seven years and with fine of Rs.1,00,000/- to Rs.5,00,000/-.
C) Offender shall pay compensation to the victim, twice the fair market value for damage of property.
Epidemic Diseases (Amendment) Ordinance 2020
Background
During current CoVID-19 pandemic, there have been instances of attacks on members of healthcare services.
Features
1. 'Violence' will include harassment and physical injury and damage to property.
2. Healthcare service personnel include public and clinical healthcare service providers (doctors, nurses, paramedical workers etc)
Or any other persons empowered to prevent the outbreak of the disease.
3. The penal provisions can be invoked in instances of damage to property.
4. Acts of violence are made cognizable and non-bailable offences.
5. Punishments
A) Imprisonment for a term of three months to five years, and with fine of Rs.50,000/- to Rs.2,00,000/-.
B) In case of grave offence, imprisonment shall be for a term of six months to seven years and with fine of Rs.1,00,000/- to Rs.5,00,000/-.
C) Offender shall pay compensation to the victim, twice the fair market value for damage of property.
#Govt_Initiative #1MinRead #PT2020
MyBookMyFriend campaign
- Launched on 23rd April - World Book Day
- To promote Book Reading
- By HRD Minister on Social Media
World Book Day - 23rd April
- Organised by UNESCO to promote reading, publishing, and copyright.
MyBookMyFriend campaign
- Launched on 23rd April - World Book Day
- To promote Book Reading
- By HRD Minister on Social Media
World Book Day - 23rd April
- Organised by UNESCO to promote reading, publishing, and copyright.
#Polity_Constitutional_Evolution #2MinRead #PT2020
Charter Act 1813
- Renewed the charter of East India Company
- Ended companies commercial Monopoly except for the tea trade and trade with China
- Allotted one lakh rupees for education
- Christian Missionary were permitted to propagate English and Christianity
- Financial provision for revival of Indian literature and Science
Charter Act 1813
- Renewed the charter of East India Company
- Ended companies commercial Monopoly except for the tea trade and trade with China
- Allotted one lakh rupees for education
- Christian Missionary were permitted to propagate English and Christianity
- Financial provision for revival of Indian literature and Science
Digicate IAS pinned «Hello Friends, Welcome to Digicate IAS!! I trust that everybody is safe and well, during this Health crisis and busy in seamless Prelims Preparation. We at digicate are trying to make every possible effort to help students to maintain the momentum of their…»
#Polity_Constitutional_Evolution #2MinRevise #PT2020
Charter Act of 1833
- Final step towards centralisation
- G-G of Bengal was made G-G of India
Civil and military powers - vested in G-G
( First = William Bentinck)
- Legislative powers = Exclusively with G-G of India.
Governors of Bombay and Madras were relieved of Legislative powers
- East India Company was made purely administrative body.
Attempted to introduce open competition for selection of civil servants but rollback due to opposition from court of directors
Charter Act of 1833
- Final step towards centralisation
- G-G of Bengal was made G-G of India
Civil and military powers - vested in G-G
( First = William Bentinck)
- Legislative powers = Exclusively with G-G of India.
Governors of Bombay and Madras were relieved of Legislative powers
- East India Company was made purely administrative body.
Attempted to introduce open competition for selection of civil servants but rollback due to opposition from court of directors
#Polity_current #1MinRead #PT2020
eGramSwaraj Portal
Platform to provide work details/records of all the panchayats under Gram Panchayat Development Plan (GPDP)
Launched by Ministry of Panchayati Raj, on Panchayt Raj Day - 24th April
It will help speed-up the implementation of projects in rural areas.
eGramSwaraj Portal
Platform to provide work details/records of all the panchayats under Gram Panchayat Development Plan (GPDP)
Launched by Ministry of Panchayati Raj, on Panchayt Raj Day - 24th April
It will help speed-up the implementation of projects in rural areas.
#Polity_current #2MinRead #PT2020
Swamitva Scheme
-Objective - measuring the inhabited land in villages and rural areas with latest surveying technology such as drones.
- Launched by Ministry of Panchayati Raj, on Panchayt Raj Day - 24th April.
- It will create records of land ownership.
- Mapping and survey will be conducted by Survey of India, State Revenue Department and State Panchayati Raj Department under the Ministry of Panchayati Raj.
Significance
- will facilitate tax collection, new building plan and issuance of permits.
- Help in reducing the disputes over property.
- Easier bank loans availability.
- It will enable government in effectively planning for the infrastructural programs.
Swamitva Scheme
-Objective - measuring the inhabited land in villages and rural areas with latest surveying technology such as drones.
- Launched by Ministry of Panchayati Raj, on Panchayt Raj Day - 24th April.
- It will create records of land ownership.
- Mapping and survey will be conducted by Survey of India, State Revenue Department and State Panchayati Raj Department under the Ministry of Panchayati Raj.
Significance
- will facilitate tax collection, new building plan and issuance of permits.
- Help in reducing the disputes over property.
- Easier bank loans availability.
- It will enable government in effectively planning for the infrastructural programs.
#Environment_Current #1MinRead #PT2020
Under2 Coalition
- a coalition of subnational governments to achieve greenhouse gases emissions mitigation.
- Started in 2015, in USA(California)
- Members - about 220 worldwide
Under2 Coalition
- a coalition of subnational governments to achieve greenhouse gases emissions mitigation.
- Started in 2015, in USA(California)
- Members - about 220 worldwide
#Environment_Current #2MinRead #PT2020
Colombo Declaration on Sustainable Nitrogen Management
- In October 2019, the member states of the United Nations endorsed a Road Map for action on nitrogen challenges.
- It was organized by Sri Lanka with the support of the UN and its member nations.
- The aim of the Declaration is to halve nitrogen waste by 2030.
- Environment ministers and officials from more than 30 countries attended the event
- The event endorsed UN plans for a campaign called “Nitrogen for Life”.
Colombo Declaration on Sustainable Nitrogen Management
- In October 2019, the member states of the United Nations endorsed a Road Map for action on nitrogen challenges.
- It was organized by Sri Lanka with the support of the UN and its member nations.
- The aim of the Declaration is to halve nitrogen waste by 2030.
- Environment ministers and officials from more than 30 countries attended the event
- The event endorsed UN plans for a campaign called “Nitrogen for Life”.
#Environment_Current #PT2020 #2MinRead
Anthurium
- It is one of the best domestic flowering plants in the world.
- It purifies the surrounding air and remove harmful airborne chemicals like formaldehyde, ammonia, toluene, xylene, and allergens..
News
- D Vasini Bai, from Kerala, has developed 10 varieties of Anthurium.
- National Innovation Foundation-India (NIF) has facilitated large scale production of four highly demanded varieties through tissue culture technique at the Indian Institute of Horticultural Research (IIHR), Bangalore.
Anthurium
- It is one of the best domestic flowering plants in the world.
- It purifies the surrounding air and remove harmful airborne chemicals like formaldehyde, ammonia, toluene, xylene, and allergens..
News
- D Vasini Bai, from Kerala, has developed 10 varieties of Anthurium.
- National Innovation Foundation-India (NIF) has facilitated large scale production of four highly demanded varieties through tissue culture technique at the Indian Institute of Horticultural Research (IIHR), Bangalore.
#SnT_Currents #PT2020 #1MinRead
PRACRITI
- PRACRITI = PRediction and Assessment of CoRona Infections and Transmission in India
- a web-based dashboard for predicting the spread of Covid-19.
- Developed by IIT Delhi.
- It gives detailed state-wise and district-wise predictions of Covid-19 cases.
PRACRITI
- PRACRITI = PRediction and Assessment of CoRona Infections and Transmission in India
- a web-based dashboard for predicting the spread of Covid-19.
- Developed by IIT Delhi.
- It gives detailed state-wise and district-wise predictions of Covid-19 cases.
#Polity_Constitutional_Evolution #PT2020 #1MinRevise
Charter Act - 1853
- Last in charter series
- Separation of legislative and executive functions of Governor-Generals Council
- Central Legislative Council to be functioned as Mini parliament.
- Open competition for civil service and it was opened to Indians
( On recommendations of Macaulay committee appointed in 1854 committee on Indian Civil service.)
- Local representation in Indian Legislative Council introduced 4 out of 6 members to be appointed by local governments of Bombay Madras, Bengal and Agra.
Charter Act - 1853
- Last in charter series
- Separation of legislative and executive functions of Governor-Generals Council
- Central Legislative Council to be functioned as Mini parliament.
- Open competition for civil service and it was opened to Indians
( On recommendations of Macaulay committee appointed in 1854 committee on Indian Civil service.)
- Local representation in Indian Legislative Council introduced 4 out of 6 members to be appointed by local governments of Bombay Madras, Bengal and Agra.
#Ancient_India #PT2020 #2MinRead
Buddist Councils Part 1/3
First Buddhist Council: 400 BC
- Held soon after the mahaparinirvana of the Buddha
-patronage of king Ajatshatru
- Presided by - monk Mahakasyapa ,
- at Rajgriha, in the Sattapani Cave.
- The idea was to preserve Buddha’s teachings (Sutta Pitaka) and rules for disciples (Vinaya Pitaka).
Second Buddhist Council : 383 BC
- Held to settle a dispute on Vinaya Pitaka(Rules of discipline)
- Held at Vaishali
- patronage of King Kalasoka
- presided by Sabakami.
- The dispute was on 10 Points such as storing salt in horn, eating after midday, eating once etc
- Disputes were not settled and paved the way for emergence of Buddhist sects - Sthaviravada, Mahasanghika and Sarvastivada.
Buddist Councils Part 1/3
First Buddhist Council: 400 BC
- Held soon after the mahaparinirvana of the Buddha
-patronage of king Ajatshatru
- Presided by - monk Mahakasyapa ,
- at Rajgriha, in the Sattapani Cave.
- The idea was to preserve Buddha’s teachings (Sutta Pitaka) and rules for disciples (Vinaya Pitaka).
Second Buddhist Council : 383 BC
- Held to settle a dispute on Vinaya Pitaka(Rules of discipline)
- Held at Vaishali
- patronage of King Kalasoka
- presided by Sabakami.
- The dispute was on 10 Points such as storing salt in horn, eating after midday, eating once etc
- Disputes were not settled and paved the way for emergence of Buddhist sects - Sthaviravada, Mahasanghika and Sarvastivada.
#Ancient_India #PT2020 #2MinRead
Buddhist Councils Part 2/3
Third Buddhist Council: 250 BC
- at Pataliputra
- patronage of King Asoka
- Presided by Moggaliputta Tissa.
- Abhidhamma Pitaka was introduced
- The teachings of Buddha- now classified in 3 categories(known as “Tripitaka”).
- It also tried to settle all the disputes of Vinaya Pitaka.
Fourth Buddhist Council: 72AD
- at Kundalvana, Kashmir
- Patronage of Kushan king Kanishka
- presided by Vasumitra
- council divided the Buddhism into 2 sects Mahayan & Hinayan.
Buddhist Councils Part 2/3
Third Buddhist Council: 250 BC
- at Pataliputra
- patronage of King Asoka
- Presided by Moggaliputta Tissa.
- Abhidhamma Pitaka was introduced
- The teachings of Buddha- now classified in 3 categories(known as “Tripitaka”).
- It also tried to settle all the disputes of Vinaya Pitaka.
Fourth Buddhist Council: 72AD
- at Kundalvana, Kashmir
- Patronage of Kushan king Kanishka
- presided by Vasumitra
- council divided the Buddhism into 2 sects Mahayan & Hinayan.
#Polity_Constitutional_Evolution #PT2020 #2MinRevise
Government of India Act 1858
- Also called as 'Act for the Good Governance of India'.
- Abolished East India company and transferred all power to Crown
- G-G of India was made Viceroy of India( Lord Canning was first).
- Ended the dual government system (removed Board of Control and court of directors)
- Secretary of State - new office created, which had complete authority and control over Indian Administration. He was a member of British cabinet
- Council of India(15 Members) was created to assist secretary of state. It was a advisory body and chairman was secretary of state.
Government of India Act 1858
- Also called as 'Act for the Good Governance of India'.
- Abolished East India company and transferred all power to Crown
- G-G of India was made Viceroy of India( Lord Canning was first).
- Ended the dual government system (removed Board of Control and court of directors)
- Secretary of State - new office created, which had complete authority and control over Indian Administration. He was a member of British cabinet
- Council of India(15 Members) was created to assist secretary of state. It was a advisory body and chairman was secretary of state.
#Ancient_India #PT2020
Buddhist Councils - Part 3/3
Fifth Buddhist Council: 1871
- Held at Mandalay, Burma.
- patronage of King Mindon.
- presided by Jagarabhivamsa, Narindabhidhaja, and Sumangalasami.
- The idea was to recite all the teachings of the Buddha and examine them systematically if any of them was dropped or altered.
Sixth Buddhist Council : 1954
- Held at Yangoon, Burma
- patronage of Burmese Government led by Prime Minister U Nu.
- Presided by - Mahasi Sayadaw and Bhadanta Vicittasarabhivamsa.
- It was aimed to preserve the genuine Dhamma and Vinaya Pitaka.
Buddhist Councils - Part 3/3
Fifth Buddhist Council: 1871
- Held at Mandalay, Burma.
- patronage of King Mindon.
- presided by Jagarabhivamsa, Narindabhidhaja, and Sumangalasami.
- The idea was to recite all the teachings of the Buddha and examine them systematically if any of them was dropped or altered.
Sixth Buddhist Council : 1954
- Held at Yangoon, Burma
- patronage of Burmese Government led by Prime Minister U Nu.
- Presided by - Mahasi Sayadaw and Bhadanta Vicittasarabhivamsa.
- It was aimed to preserve the genuine Dhamma and Vinaya Pitaka.
#Environment_Current #PT2020 #2MinRead
Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD)
- It is a quantitative estimate of the amount of aerosol present in the atmosphere.
-measures the extinction of a ray of light as it passes through the atmosphere.
- can be used as a proxy for surface PM2. 5
News - aerosol levels in northern India at the beginning of April were the lowest in 20 years.
(Resason- Lockdown). Aerosols contribute significantly in DELHI-NCR Pollution.
Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD)
- It is a quantitative estimate of the amount of aerosol present in the atmosphere.
-measures the extinction of a ray of light as it passes through the atmosphere.
- can be used as a proxy for surface PM2. 5
News - aerosol levels in northern India at the beginning of April were the lowest in 20 years.
(Resason- Lockdown). Aerosols contribute significantly in DELHI-NCR Pollution.