#MainsFodder #PT2021
Kochi-Mangaluru Natural Gas Pipeline
- 450 km long gas pipeline
- Built by Gas Authority of India Limited i.e., GAIL (India) Ltd.
- Aim: ‘One Nation One Gas Grid’.
- Function:
1. Natural gas from the Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) 2. Regasification Terminal at Kerala’s Kochi to Karnataka’s Mangaluru.
3. Supply eco-friendly PNG to households and CNG to the transportation sector.
4. Supply Natural Gas to commercial and industrial units across the districts along the pipeline.
- The Horizontal Directional Drilling method was used.
Kochi-Mangaluru Natural Gas Pipeline
- 450 km long gas pipeline
- Built by Gas Authority of India Limited i.e., GAIL (India) Ltd.
- Aim: ‘One Nation One Gas Grid’.
- Function:
1. Natural gas from the Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) 2. Regasification Terminal at Kerala’s Kochi to Karnataka’s Mangaluru.
3. Supply eco-friendly PNG to households and CNG to the transportation sector.
4. Supply Natural Gas to commercial and industrial units across the districts along the pipeline.
- The Horizontal Directional Drilling method was used.
#MainsFodder #PT2021
Deepor Beel
- Assam’s only Ramsar site.
- News: Kamrup district administration has prohibited community fishing at Deepor Beel.
- Key points:
1. It is a permanent freshwater lake located to the south-west of Guwahati city.
2. Lying in a former channel of the Brahmaputra river
3. It lies to the south of the main river channel.
4. It was designated as a Ramsar site in 2002 for sustaining a range of aquatic life forms besides 219 species of birds.
Deepor Beel
- Assam’s only Ramsar site.
- News: Kamrup district administration has prohibited community fishing at Deepor Beel.
- Key points:
1. It is a permanent freshwater lake located to the south-west of Guwahati city.
2. Lying in a former channel of the Brahmaputra river
3. It lies to the south of the main river channel.
4. It was designated as a Ramsar site in 2002 for sustaining a range of aquatic life forms besides 219 species of birds.
Last Minute Tips for Mains2020
1. Maintain peace and calmness of the mind - Dont worry about the Result, just focus on your performance.
2. Read all questions carefully, understand the demand exactly, make a rough structure in mind and then start writing.
3. Attempt all questions. If you find some questions difficult do not bother.
Because they will be difficult for all AND REMEMBER its a relative competition.
4. Do not overburden your mind by revising too much during the gap of two papers.
5. If you get Q paper 5 or 10 min before the actual time of the examination, you are not allowed to write anything on Main-Booklet, but you SHOULD make structures of the Qs on the question paper that is given for you.
6. Do not discuss paper with your colleagues friends till the completion of Last Paper.
7. Do not lose hope if you you find any paper difficult. Again its relative competition. you just need to perform better than the others
8. Play and Cash in on your strengths and Try to do minimum silly mistakes
We wish you All the Best 💐💐💐
Regards
Team Digicate
1. Maintain peace and calmness of the mind - Dont worry about the Result, just focus on your performance.
2. Read all questions carefully, understand the demand exactly, make a rough structure in mind and then start writing.
3. Attempt all questions. If you find some questions difficult do not bother.
Because they will be difficult for all AND REMEMBER its a relative competition.
4. Do not overburden your mind by revising too much during the gap of two papers.
5. If you get Q paper 5 or 10 min before the actual time of the examination, you are not allowed to write anything on Main-Booklet, but you SHOULD make structures of the Qs on the question paper that is given for you.
6. Do not discuss paper with your colleagues friends till the completion of Last Paper.
7. Do not lose hope if you you find any paper difficult. Again its relative competition. you just need to perform better than the others
8. Play and Cash in on your strengths and Try to do minimum silly mistakes
We wish you All the Best 💐💐💐
Regards
Team Digicate
#MainsFodder #PT2021
Payments Infrastructure Development Fund (PIDF)
- Operationalised by the Reserve Bank of India.
- Aim: To increase payments acceptance infrastructure by adding 30 lakh touch points every year in Tier-3 to Tier-6 centres.
Key features:
- Special focus on the north-eastern states.
- An Advisory Council for managing the PIDF.
- Payment methods that are not inter-operable would not be considered under the PIDF.
- PIDF scheme is on a reimbursement basis.
- The maximum cost of the digital acceptance device eligible for subsidy is Rs 300.
Payments Infrastructure Development Fund (PIDF)
- Operationalised by the Reserve Bank of India.
- Aim: To increase payments acceptance infrastructure by adding 30 lakh touch points every year in Tier-3 to Tier-6 centres.
Key features:
- Special focus on the north-eastern states.
- An Advisory Council for managing the PIDF.
- Payment methods that are not inter-operable would not be considered under the PIDF.
- PIDF scheme is on a reimbursement basis.
- The maximum cost of the digital acceptance device eligible for subsidy is Rs 300.
#MainsFodder #PT2021
Cigarettes Draft Bill
- Centre has drafted this bill
- Aim: To increase the age to allow sale of cigarettes and tobacco products from the current 18 years to 21 years.
Key points of bill:
1. Penalty for smoking in restricted area increased from Rs.200 to Rs.2, 000.
2. Trade and commerce in cigarettes or other tobacco products should be in sealed and intact packaging.
3. The sale of illicit products will lead to imprisonment of up to one year and a fine of Rs.50, 000.
Cigarettes Draft Bill
- Centre has drafted this bill
- Aim: To increase the age to allow sale of cigarettes and tobacco products from the current 18 years to 21 years.
Key points of bill:
1. Penalty for smoking in restricted area increased from Rs.200 to Rs.2, 000.
2. Trade and commerce in cigarettes or other tobacco products should be in sealed and intact packaging.
3. The sale of illicit products will lead to imprisonment of up to one year and a fine of Rs.50, 000.
#MainsFodder #PT2021
Rastriya Kamdhenu Aayog
- Permanent advisory body
- Aim: It helps the Central Government to develop programmes, sustainable development and genetic upgradation of indigenous breeds of cows.
Key points:
1. Integral part of Rashtriya Gokul Mission.
2. Organize animal husbandry on modern and scientific lines
3. To take steps for preserving and improving breeds.
4. To prohibit the slaughter, of cows and calves and other milch and draught cattle.
5. Will review existing laws, policies.
6. Will suggest measures for optimum economic utilization of cow wealth.
Rastriya Kamdhenu Aayog
- Permanent advisory body
- Aim: It helps the Central Government to develop programmes, sustainable development and genetic upgradation of indigenous breeds of cows.
Key points:
1. Integral part of Rashtriya Gokul Mission.
2. Organize animal husbandry on modern and scientific lines
3. To take steps for preserving and improving breeds.
4. To prohibit the slaughter, of cows and calves and other milch and draught cattle.
5. Will review existing laws, policies.
6. Will suggest measures for optimum economic utilization of cow wealth.
#MainsFodder #PT2021
Antarctic Ozone Hole
- According to World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Antarctic ozone hole has closed.
Reasons:
1. The expansion of the hole was driven by a strong, stable and cold polar vortex and very cold temperatures in the stratosphere.
2.As the temperatures high up in the stratosphere start to rise, ozone depletion slows; the polar vortex weakens and breaks down.
3. Human-made chemicals migrate into the stratosphere and accumulate inside the polar vortex.
4. It begins to shrink in size as warmer temperatures dominate.
Antarctic Ozone Hole
- According to World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Antarctic ozone hole has closed.
Reasons:
1. The expansion of the hole was driven by a strong, stable and cold polar vortex and very cold temperatures in the stratosphere.
2.As the temperatures high up in the stratosphere start to rise, ozone depletion slows; the polar vortex weakens and breaks down.
3. Human-made chemicals migrate into the stratosphere and accumulate inside the polar vortex.
4. It begins to shrink in size as warmer temperatures dominate.
#MainsFodder #PT2021
Ammoniacal Nitrogen in Yamuna
News: A study group has been constituted to discuss the issue of increase in Ammonical Nitrogen in River Yamuna.
Functions:
1. Will review uniform monitoring protocol and requirement of strengthening monitoring mechanism
2. It analyse past data and carry out field survey to identify critical hotspots and period of high anomia levels.
3. Ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N) is a measure for the amount of ammonianfound in landfill leachate and in waste products.
Uses:
1. A measure of the health water in natural bodies such as rivers or lakes etc.
Major bodies include:
1. Delhi Jal Board
2. Haryana State Pollution Control Board
3. Delhi Pollution Control Committee
4.Irrigation and Water Resources Department, Haryana
5.Irrigation and Flood Control Department, Delhi.
- It was agreed to constitute a Joint Surveillance Squad.
Ammoniacal Nitrogen in Yamuna
News: A study group has been constituted to discuss the issue of increase in Ammonical Nitrogen in River Yamuna.
Functions:
1. Will review uniform monitoring protocol and requirement of strengthening monitoring mechanism
2. It analyse past data and carry out field survey to identify critical hotspots and period of high anomia levels.
3. Ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N) is a measure for the amount of ammonianfound in landfill leachate and in waste products.
Uses:
1. A measure of the health water in natural bodies such as rivers or lakes etc.
Major bodies include:
1. Delhi Jal Board
2. Haryana State Pollution Control Board
3. Delhi Pollution Control Committee
4.Irrigation and Water Resources Department, Haryana
5.Irrigation and Flood Control Department, Delhi.
- It was agreed to constitute a Joint Surveillance Squad.
#MainsFodder #PT2021
Toycathon 2021
- It is a hackathon
- Launched by the Ministry for Women & Child Development and Textiles and Ministry of Education.
- Aim:
1. To conceptualize innovative toys based on the Indian value system
Key features:
- These toys will inculcate the positive behaviour and good value among the children.
- This is the first time when school children will innovate, design and conceptualize toys also for especially abled ‘divyang children’.
Function:
- To create awareness about safe toys which are not harmful chemically.
- School, college students will get together for developing toys and games that are based on Indian culture and ethos, etc.
Toycathon 2021
- It is a hackathon
- Launched by the Ministry for Women & Child Development and Textiles and Ministry of Education.
- Aim:
1. To conceptualize innovative toys based on the Indian value system
Key features:
- These toys will inculcate the positive behaviour and good value among the children.
- This is the first time when school children will innovate, design and conceptualize toys also for especially abled ‘divyang children’.
Function:
- To create awareness about safe toys which are not harmful chemically.
- School, college students will get together for developing toys and games that are based on Indian culture and ethos, etc.
#MainsFodder #PT2021
Caracal
- News: It has been included into the list of critically endangered species by the National Board of Wildlife.
- It is a medium size wild cat found in parts of Rajasthan and Gujarat.
Key points:
- It will be conserved with financial support under the centrally sponsored Scheme - Development of Wildlife Habitat.
- IUCN status - Least Concern.
Endangered due to :
1. Rapid loss of scrub and thorn habitat
2. Unchecked human activates in the caracals habitat.
Caracal
- News: It has been included into the list of critically endangered species by the National Board of Wildlife.
- It is a medium size wild cat found in parts of Rajasthan and Gujarat.
Key points:
- It will be conserved with financial support under the centrally sponsored Scheme - Development of Wildlife Habitat.
- IUCN status - Least Concern.
Endangered due to :
1. Rapid loss of scrub and thorn habitat
2. Unchecked human activates in the caracals habitat.
#MainsFodder #PT2021
Ladakh Committee
- The Centre has decided to form a committee.
- Aim: to protect the language, culture and land of Union Territory of Ladakh.
Significance:
- This will ensure citizen's participation in the development of Ladakh.
Key features:
- The Committee will be headed by the Minister of State for Home.
- It will include
1. Elected representatives from Ladakh
2. Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Council
3. Central government
4. The Ladakh administration.
Ladakh Committee
- The Centre has decided to form a committee.
- Aim: to protect the language, culture and land of Union Territory of Ladakh.
Significance:
- This will ensure citizen's participation in the development of Ladakh.
Key features:
- The Committee will be headed by the Minister of State for Home.
- It will include
1. Elected representatives from Ladakh
2. Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Council
3. Central government
4. The Ladakh administration.
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Digicate IAS
Digicate IAS | By V V Ronge Patil
Digicate IAS is an online learning platform for India’s elite civil services examination conducted by UPSC. We aspire to bring more equitable and fair competition in the UPSC CSE examination by reaching out to remotest corners of the country.
#MainsFodder #PT2021
India-Mangolia Relationship
News: India and Mongolia have reviewed bilateral cooperation in hydrocarbons and steel sectors.
Key Points
1. Timely completion of the Mongol Refinery Project, the country’s 1st oil refinery.
2. Mongolian companies in supplying coking coal to Indian steel industry.
3. Substantial partnerships with Mongolian companies in the areas of minerals, coal and steel.
4. Further share expertise in the oil and gas sector.
India-Mangolia Relationship
News: India and Mongolia have reviewed bilateral cooperation in hydrocarbons and steel sectors.
Key Points
1. Timely completion of the Mongol Refinery Project, the country’s 1st oil refinery.
2. Mongolian companies in supplying coking coal to Indian steel industry.
3. Substantial partnerships with Mongolian companies in the areas of minerals, coal and steel.
4. Further share expertise in the oil and gas sector.
#MainsFodder #PT2021
South African variant of Coronavirus.
News: Recently WHO has raised a concern over the South African variant of Coronavirus.
Key Points
1. Named the variant 501Y.V2.
2. Also found in the new strain that the UK.
3. Phylogenetic analysis has shown that 501Y.V2 from South Africa are different virus variants.
- Concerns: Monoclonal antibodies that were effective against SARS-CoV2 are less effective against the South Africa variant.
In India:
- India reported a total of 82 persons with new UK mutant strain
- There are no reports on the South African mutant.
Other Mutation:
1.D614G Mutation
2.N501Y mutant
South African variant of Coronavirus.
News: Recently WHO has raised a concern over the South African variant of Coronavirus.
Key Points
1. Named the variant 501Y.V2.
2. Also found in the new strain that the UK.
3. Phylogenetic analysis has shown that 501Y.V2 from South Africa are different virus variants.
- Concerns: Monoclonal antibodies that were effective against SARS-CoV2 are less effective against the South Africa variant.
In India:
- India reported a total of 82 persons with new UK mutant strain
- There are no reports on the South African mutant.
Other Mutation:
1.D614G Mutation
2.N501Y mutant
#MainsFodder #PT2021
Autonomous State in Assam
News: Demand for implementation of article 244A within Assam.
- Autonomous State for the Karbi Anglong region.
- Background: This has been a demand since 1986.
- Current position: The districts are currently governed by two autonomous councils Karbi Anglong and North Cachar hills.
Article 244A: Formation of an autonomous state comprising certain tribal areas in Assam and creation of local legislature or Council of Ministers or both therefore.
Autonomous State in Assam
News: Demand for implementation of article 244A within Assam.
- Autonomous State for the Karbi Anglong region.
- Background: This has been a demand since 1986.
- Current position: The districts are currently governed by two autonomous councils Karbi Anglong and North Cachar hills.
Article 244A: Formation of an autonomous state comprising certain tribal areas in Assam and creation of local legislature or Council of Ministers or both therefore.
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Digicate IAS
Digicate IAS | By V V Ronge Patil
Digicate IAS is an online learning platform for India’s elite civil services examination conducted by UPSC. We aspire to bring more equitable and fair competition in the UPSC CSE examination by reaching out to remotest corners of the country.
#MainsFodder #PT2021
Thousand Islands
- Also known as Kepulauan Seribu
- Location: Chain of islands north of Jakarta’s coast, Indonesia.
Key points:
- There are exactly 110 islands that together form a District.
- It encompasses the Pulau Seribu National Marine Park.
- These islands are initially caused by the volcanoes.
- Later, the shifting of tectonic plates results in group of small islands.
Thousand Islands
- Also known as Kepulauan Seribu
- Location: Chain of islands north of Jakarta’s coast, Indonesia.
Key points:
- There are exactly 110 islands that together form a District.
- It encompasses the Pulau Seribu National Marine Park.
- These islands are initially caused by the volcanoes.
- Later, the shifting of tectonic plates results in group of small islands.
#MainsFodder #PT2021
Saguna Rice Technique (SRT)
- This technique will help stop the stubble burning in Punjab and Haryana.
- This zerotill technique is a unique Conservation Agriculture type of cultivation method.
Useful:
- This method is used to cultivate rice.
- It related with rotation crops without ploughing, puddling and transplanting rice.
- Facilitates planting of crop in predetermined distances enabling precise plant population per unit area.
Saguna Rice Technique (SRT)
- This technique will help stop the stubble burning in Punjab and Haryana.
- This zerotill technique is a unique Conservation Agriculture type of cultivation method.
Useful:
- This method is used to cultivate rice.
- It related with rotation crops without ploughing, puddling and transplanting rice.
- Facilitates planting of crop in predetermined distances enabling precise plant population per unit area.
#MainsFodder #PT2021
India’s GDP 2020-2021
- Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation released the First Advance Estimates for the financial year 2020-2021.
Key points
- India’s GDP will contract by 7.7% in 2020-21.
- Gross Fixed Capital Formation accounts for close to 28% of India’s GDP.
- Private demand and business demand account for almost 85% of all GDP.
- Private Final Consumption Expenditure constitutes over 56% of the total GDP.
India’s GDP 2020-2021
- Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation released the First Advance Estimates for the financial year 2020-2021.
Key points
- India’s GDP will contract by 7.7% in 2020-21.
- Gross Fixed Capital Formation accounts for close to 28% of India’s GDP.
- Private demand and business demand account for almost 85% of all GDP.
- Private Final Consumption Expenditure constitutes over 56% of the total GDP.