Answer: D
The colorChange function is static. Static methods are designed to live only on the constructor in which they are created, and cannot be passed down to any children or called upon class instances. Since freddie is an instance of class Chameleon, the function cannot be called upon it. A TypeError is thrown.

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Let's understand What is IIFE (Immediately Invoked Function Expression) in Javascript with examples & usecase

Answer: A
This is possible in JavaScript, because functions are objects! (Everything besides primitive types are objects)
A function is a special type of object. The code you write yourself isn't the actual function. The function is an object with properties. This property is invocable.

11. What's the output?

function Person(firstName, lastName) {
this.firstName = firstName;
this.lastName = lastName;
}

const member = new Person('Lydia', 'Hallie');
Person.getFullName = function() {
return ${this.firstName} ${this.lastName};
};

console.log(member.getFullName());

Answer: A
In JavaScript, functions are objects, and therefore, the method getFullName gets added to the constructor function object itself. For that reason, we can call Person.getFullName(), but member.getFullName throws a TypeError.
If you want a method to be available to all object instances, you have to add it to the prototype property:

Person.prototype.getFullName = function() { return ${this.firstName} ${this.lastName}; };

12. What's the output?

Answer: A
For sarah, we didn't use the new keyword. When using new, this refers to the new empty object we create. However, if you don't add new, this refers to the global object!
We said that this.firstName equals "Sarah" and this.lastName equals "Smith". What we actually did, is defining global.firstName = 'Sarah' and global.lastName = 'Smith'. sarah itself is left undefined, since we don't return a value from the Person function.

Answer: D
During the capturing phase, the event goes through the ancestor elements down to the target element. It then reaches the target element, and bubbling begins.

Answer: C
The postfix unary operator ++:
Returns the value (this returns 0)
Increments the value (number is now 1)
The prefix unary operator ++:
Increments the value (number is now 2)
Returns the value (this returns 2)
This returns 0 2 2

Answer: B
All objects have prototypes, except for the base object. The base object is the object created by the user, or an object that is created using the new keyword. The base object has access to some methods and properties, such as .toString. This is the reason why you can use built-in JavaScript methods! All of such methods are available on the prototype. Although JavaScript can't find it directly on your object, it goes down the prototype chain and finds it there, which makes it accessible for you.

Object can created without prototype using Object.create(null, {}) with passing null args

18. What's the output?

function checkAge(data) {
if (data === { age: 18 }) {
console.log('You are an adult!');
} else if (data == { age: 18 }) {
console.log('You are still an adult.');
} else {
console.log(Hmm.. You don't have an age I guess);
}
}

checkAge({ age: 18 });

A: You are an adult!
B: You are still an adult.
C: Hmm.. You don't have an age I guess

Answer: C
When testing equality, primitives are compared by their value, while objects are compared by their reference. JavaScript checks if the objects have a reference to the same location in memory.
The two objects that we are comparing don't have that: the object we passed as a parameter refers to a different location in memory than the object we used in order to check equality.
This is why both { age: 18 } === { age: 18 } and { age: 18 } == { age: 18 } return false.

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