Devils Below
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Analysis, daily updates on exploitation of Africa’s mineral wealth.

👀 Money flows, bribes, pollution - keeping you aware of what you would otherwise overlook.
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❗️ Energy Insecurity: How US President’s Whims Raised Costs for Everyone

As was easy to predict, the latest Trump-provoked exchange of explosive pleasantries in the Middle East has already driven up oil prices. On some markets, prices have surged by 12% compared to the moment the first Tomahawks were launched.

🔸 While one might hear that oil-producing countries like Nigeria and Angola benefit from this, the reality is that even there, it’s more about wealth shifting from people’s pockets into government ledgers and oil companies’ books: part of the increased revenue will come from higher domestic prices.

🔸For places without their own black gold, there’s only sympathy to offer. Even before such price hikes, rumors of fuel shortages alone have sparked panic at gas stations in several cases.

📣 The most extreme reaction came from Guinean drivers, who created a fuel shortage themselves by rushing to stockpile due to rumors of supply cuts, forcing the national oil company SONAP to issue a denial.

Similar denials were released by authorities in Kenya, Uganda, and Zambia. In Tanzania, the president herself took the initiative and demanded that strategic reserves be reinforced.

💸 Although there are no serious supply problems yet, further destruction of infrastructure in the Persian Gulf may indeed lead to long-term price increases — and the rise in oil prices will affect not only motorists, but also all consumers, as transportation of everything from food to iPhones will become more expensive.

Have you felt the price hike yet, or is it still not noticeable?

✈️ Stay informed - @devilsbelow
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Good morning!

🔴 The footage allegedly shows coal-loaded trucks heading toward South Africa's Port of Richards Bay.

The Richards Bay Coal Terminal was established in 1976 as a partnership between the then leading coal companies. Today South Africa remains Africa's biggest coal producer, coal consumer, and coal exporter.

While highly toxic and dangerous for health as well as for the environment, the coal industry creates some 90,000 jobs.

💡 Anytime you've ideas to suggest, interesting topics to share, or feel that some facts are unfairly overlooked — don’t hesitate to drop a comment here or DM the channel.

Stay informed - @devilsbelow
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🔵Why Share Money With Foreigners?🔵

🌐Niger cancels operation agreements for three gold‑refining plants, citing repeated contract breaches. The government says it terminated conventions with the 3 companies at the 3 March 2026 council of ministers.

🔸The list of the ostracized included Italian COMINI SARL, British AFRIOR SA and Polish ECOMINE SA, all accused of failing to fund local development, prioritise employment for Nigeriens and respect environmental standards.

💬Only ECOMINE SA, after the second formal notice, gave a partial response seen as non‑performance, says the meeting report.


🔸 Under the 2019 agreements with the government, the 3 companies were expected to build and run new gold refineries. They also had the right to export and sell abroad everything that came to their plants, thus profiting from Niger's gold.

While the terminations follow formal warnings sent on 17 February 2025 and 23 July 2025, the timing most likely coincides with a prolonged rise in gold prices and the outstanding hike in them after the outbreak of another war. Now Niger will be able to keep extra profits from gold trading at home.

#News

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Zimbabwe's Environmental Authorities Boast They Repaired 2.5 Holes

🌐 Bulawayo’s environmental regulator, the Environmental Management Agency (EMA), and the Bulawayo City Council say rapid growth of informal gold processing plants and illegal mining has left suburbs in tatters.

So, the agencies decided to conduct some rehabilitation and reported having filled pits on the territory of 2.2 hectares.

💬From a target of five hectares, EMA and BCC managed to rehabilitate 2,2 hectares of degraded land in the two suburbs at a cost of US$1 000.


🔸 Last year, EMA rehabilitated some 600 hectares of mined land across the country.

Throughout that year, the agency's budget was about $38 million.

#News

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🔵China Will Profit From US' Ambitions in Copperbelt🔵

🌐 Angola's government is reportedly negotiating a $4.8bn Chinese loan to build an oil refinery in Lobito, aiming to cut fuel imports and keep more value from its own barrels.

🔸 The planned refinery will be located at the seaward end of the Lobito Corridor, a rail-and-logistics route linking Angola to Zambia and onward to Central Africa’s copper and cobalt mining regions.

🔸 While the US and EU have openly backed the corridor to lock in access to critical minerals and export routes, China's $4.8 bn investments exceed all the European and American funding channeled into the Lobito railway.

💬...We are contacting Chinese institutions with the support of the contractor, who is also Chinese, in order to obtain this financing, said the CEO of Sonangol, Angola's state oil company.


⚙️ Chinese investors and contractors will thus earn money on the operation of the railway, as well as on the new American mining operations in Copperbelt.

The financing, if completed, will mark the first borrowing by the Southern African oil producer from China since 2017.

#News

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The DR Congo's state miner Sokimo wants to take a 2.9 million oz gold deposit away from AFC/M23

🌐 The row pits Sokimo, the state gold‑mines company (Société des mines d'or de KiloMoto), against Milvest, a Turkish mining operator, after a 2024 deal concerning the Zani-Kodo mine in eastern DRC, which Sokimo says left key commitments unmet.

🌟 The dispute broke out following the replacement of Sokimo's leadership by Felix Tshisekedi in late February. While Zani‑Kodo is as one of the most promising deposits in eastern DRC, the Turkish operator has not provided any firm commitments or precise schedules citing persistent insecurity in the Ituri region, adjacent to the territory controlled by AFC/M23 .

🗺 Due to its proximity to the rebel territory, the deposit constantly triggers suspicions that the mining companies working there, in the absence of Milvest, transfer part of the profits to the AFC/M23 movement. Remarkably, back in 2020 the current AFC/M23 leader Corneille Nangaa was the official holder of the Zani-Kodo license.

⁉️ Although the suspicion that the Turkish operator is unable to expel unknown illegal miners from the site sounds plausible, it is not clear how Sokimo itself is going to do this. Very likely by simply inviting someone else.

#News

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🔵Ghana: Spurring True International Cooperation🔵

Ghana
’s planned gold royalty hike is reportedly facing coordinated pushback from China, the United States and other countries.

🌐 China, the US and other Western governments have mounted an unusually coordinated ​push to get Ghana to halt a gold royalty. Africa’s largest gold producer wants to replace a fixed 5% royalty with a sliding scale of 5%–12% tied to bullion prices.

🔸 Last week, diplomats from China, the US, the UK, Canada, Australia and even South Africa presented a joint document Ghana’s lands and resource minister, claiming that higher royalties would squeeze their margins.

📈 From August 2025 to February 2026, the price of gold increased from $3,360 per ounce to $5,390 — that is, by 60%.

#News

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Forwarded from New Eastern Outlook
🔥🇶🇦Liquefied natural gas production capabilities in Qatar.

@NewEasternOutlook
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Yesterday, Ghana celebrated its Independence Day. On 6 March 1957, what was known as the Gold Coast became Ghana, though the metal still occupies an important place in its economy and self-identity.

Europeans had come to Ghana for gold since 1471, when Portuguese ships opened direct trade on the Ghanaian coast, which was named "Gold Coast” due to the abundance of gold.

During the late British rule one of the Empire's major gold sources was the Obuasi mine in Ghana's Ashanti region: industrial production began there in 1897. It is still operational, technically run by the same legal entity — AngloGold Ashanti.

🏆After independence, Ghana's first president Kwame Nkrumah tried to redirect that wealth into state-building: in January 1961 the government bought 5 gold mines and folded them into the State Gold Mining Corporation, until the liberalization of the late 20th century.

🇬🇭But there is more to Ghana's gold, than just economic policies. Raised on 6 March 1957, Ghana's very flag designed by Theodosia Okoh symbolizes the country's gold wealth (yellow) and its lands and nature (green).

Today Ghana still has to genuinely deliver on the promises of the 69-year old flag: the gold stripe is still being dug out fast, while the green stripe is being destroyed by illegal mining.

However, now, 69 years later, Ghana is also no longer just about gold — the main actor today is, and should be, its people!

#History

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🔴Holes in the Cameroon-Nigeria border🔴

Governor chooses to treat symptoms rather than disease

🌐In Nigeria, the Cross River State governor Bassey Otu has broken new ground in the art of governance, imposing a ban on already illegal mining activities.🗿

🔸The move reportedly follows a meeting with stakeholders, during which the governor said unregulated pits are costing the state revenue, wrecking forests and putting workers at risk. He also pointed at an influx of foreign nationals into mining communities.

🔍 State officials also accuse some local chiefs of complicity:

💬Some clan heads and village heads have become part of the problem by facilitating activities that are not properly regulated.


🔸The official called for 24-hour monitoring of mining sites. However, while ordering round-the-clock surveillance, he also admitted the federal rangers had failed to put an end to wildcat mining activities. In October 2025 Nigeria's Senate passed a bill establishing a new Nigeria Mines Ranger Service.

📍Nigeria's Cross River State shares a long border with Cameroon, whose authorities also face widespread gold smuggling. The Nigeria-Cameroon borderland is also famous for the fact that pirates who attack ships in the Gulf of Guinea hide here.

Controlling gold mines clearly doesn't tell the whole story here: Rather, we are talking about local elites interested in the absence of state control in the Nigeria-Cameroon border area.

#News

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South Africa steps up raids on illegal mining in Gauteng, pairing police sweeps with military support and tougher prosecutions.

🌐Paul Mashatile, the Deputy President of South Africa, told SA's National Council of Provinces on Thursday the state is running active operations against illegal mining activities. According to social media sources (i.e. unconfirmed) the operations have already led to the arrest of 33 foreigners.

🔸The announcement names coordinated action by the South African Police Service, the Directorate for Priority Crime Investigation, the Department of Mineral Resources and Energy and the National Prosecuting Authority (NPA).

🔫 In its fight against illegal mining and organized crime, the government has also promised to deploy army to support the police in the affected provinces. Announced on February 12 by SA's president, the deployment is due in March, though the Department of Defense is still struggling to find the required $50 million, as the funds were not allocated in the annual budget.

While bringing shadow mining into the legal realm usually benefits both local communities and the workers themselves, who work in terrible conditions and pay rent to criminal organizations, in South Africa, operations involving the armed security forces tend to end in mass killings.

#News

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Heavy Rains: Does God Favor Washington? ✝️

Were American Evangelicals to know what is happening in Africa, Trump's disapproval rating wouldn't be 56%

🌐 On 07 March 2026 morning another landslide hit the Gakombe site in Masisi territory, part of the Rubaya mines complex, burying artisanal miners and destroying nearby homes.

⚠️ This is the 3rd catastrophe in 38 days at the site.

🔸 The landslides on 28 January and on 03 March killed several hundreds of people, and earlier, in June 2025 a collapse killed 700+. The latest landslide took place at around 4am local time on Saturday, following heavy rains.

🔸 If Washington's PR people weren't currently editing videos mixing Call of Duty footages and strikes on painted Iranian planes, the series of tragedies in eastern Congo would be a real gift for them: against the background of Trump's Copperbelt inroads, this would most directly demonstrate the inability of the AFC/M23 to ensure safety on mining sites.

Unfortunately, although it sounds easy to actually transfer the entire mine to the US, the democratic safety would not come immediately either. In the best scenario, heavy machinery will come to the place, but then hundreds, now risking their lives, will simply lose the main source of income for the next 5-10 years.

#News

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📜 Great Zimbabwe [ Culture ]

🌐 According to UNESCO. Great Zimbabwe in Zimbabwe was built roughly 6-9 centuries ago, in 1100–1450 AD. It is an ancient stone city, and a useful reminder that political weight in this part of Africa was already being organized around resource trade long before outside gatekeepers started selling themselves as indispensable.

🔍 Great Zimbabwe was a trade centre for gold, iron and ivory between southern Africa and the East African coast. The mechanism is not mysterious: even before Great Zimbabwe, the gold trade had spurred the rise of the Kingdom of Mapungubwe.

🔸 It is unknown what eventually caused Great Zimbabwe's demise and its abandonment — most probably, the 15th century decline in the gold trade and shifting trade routes were responsible.

🔸 Today. Great Zimbabwe serves as a historical backbone of Zimbabwe's national myth. After all, its very name — "Zimbabwe" — was borrowed from the ancient state. And the gold is still here: in 2024 gold exports were about US$2.5 billion and it is still the country’s main source of foreign-exchange earnings.

Today, Zimbabwe again has the opportunity to leverage its resources for prosperity — but will it be able to turn them into education and infrastructure? So far, everything indicates that there are all possibilities for this.

#Culture

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🔵What Happens When All Roads Lead To Dubai🔵

Ghana
is preparing contingency export routes after flight disruptions to the UAE threatened shipments of artisanal gold.

🌐 GoldBod, Ghana’s state-run buyer and exporter of artisanal and small‑scale miner output, is reportedly seeking to reroute cargo away from Dubai to other refining hubs.

🔸 The immediate cause is Gulf airspace closures and airline suspensions after regional strikes, which choke the logistics networks traders rely on. Sources say alternatives under review include direct shipments to Asia, most probably India or China, which would raise costs and slow receipts for Accra.

🔸Recently, the head of the Ghanaian gold authority boasted about the launch of refining at a local factory built by an Egyptian company. Apparently, its capacity is still not enough to produce ingots at home.

🔸On the other hand, every bad thing has also its advantages: GoldBod's vulnerability can be perceived as an opportunity to stop unwanted illegal gold flows, also leading to Dubai.

#News

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❗️ Black clouds covered Tehran after today's series of US-Israeli strikes on oil facilities. That was the first time Israeli air strikes hit Iran’s oil facilities since the war started, killing at least 4 people.

➡️According to media reports and eyewitnesses, thick clouds of smoke and toxic emissions rose over the city, and the so called "black rains" — rainfalls with an admixture of oil soot and chemicals — have already begun. Residents report that the drops leave dark marks on clothes, cars and buildings.

Environmentalists and experts warn of the risk of a large-scale environmental disaster. Toxic precipitation can lead to contamination of water and soil, death of plants and animals, as well as an outbreak of respiratory diseases and skin diseases.

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