Deep learning (Material)
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In this channel you will find all the material that we think might be useful to study, in order to improve our skills and knowledge.
By @gianvydev

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๐ŸŸฉโ—ผ๏ธโ—ผ๏ธ โ€”> Easy
๐ŸŸง๐ŸŸงโ—ผ๏ธ โ€”> Intermediate
๐ŸŸฅ๐ŸŸฅ๐ŸŸฅ โ€”> Hard
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You are free to share this channel with whomever you wish.
Useful material will be shared in this channel to deepen your knowledge on the topic of deep learning. So that you can stay up to date with all the scientific advances in this field.
Obviously this channel was created because I get bored of sharing the same (awesome) links to all my friends.
Why AI is Harder Than We Think
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This video by Yannic Kilcher explains the paper "Why AI is harder than we think", which suggests that something fundamental is still missing to achieve General AI that is capable of reaching the human method of reasoning. I recommend viewing.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uwfVxckuq50
If we take attention away from transformers, what's left? An old dear and elegant masked ensemble

Do You Even Need Attention? A Stack of Feed-Forward Layers Does
Surprisingly Well on ImageNet
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https://arxiv.org/pdf/2105.02723.pdf
MLP-Mixer: An all-MLP Architecture for Vision
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Very similar to the previous paper there is also MLP-Mixer from Google Research: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2105.01601.pdf

Both papers show that the Vision Transformer can be reduced to just using MLPs while achieving competitive performance.

A very straightforward explanation can be found in this video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7K4Z8RqjWIk
"Transfer Learning from Speaker Verification to Multispeaker Text-To-Speech Synthesis"
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๐Ÿ“š https://arxiv.org/pdf/1806.04558.pdf ๐Ÿ“š https://google.github.io/tacotron/publications/speaker_adaptation

Something interesting done some years ago in the TTS (Text To Speech) field. Have you ever asked yourself - "How much time is needed, for a machine, to imitate my voice?" Near 5 seconds!

In this paper (first link) the architectural proposal uses 3 main components:
1) Speaker encoder network: it captures, in an embedding space, the characteristics of several and different speakers. It's the most important part of the entire architecture because its work is to influence the Mel spectrogram generated by the synthesizer.
2) Synthesizer network: trained on pairs of text transcript and target audio to produce a synthesized Mel spectrogram.
3) Vocoder (WaveNet): useful to invert spectrograms into time domain waveforms.

A possible application of this technology? Transferring a voice across languages for more natural speech-to-speech translation.
Dataset trick: COCO (Common Objects in Context)
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Hi everyone, this evening we propose you some practical tricks to work and to enjoy with COCO.

What is COCO? COCO is a large Microsoft image dataset designed for many tasks like:
๐Ÿ”Ž Object detection
๐Ÿ”Ž Segmentation
๐Ÿ”Ž Person keypoints detection
๐Ÿ”Ž Stuff segmentation
๐Ÿ”Ž Caption generation

Obviously COCO has several annotation types, one for each task to perform, stored using JSON format. It may be difficult to use them and easily switch from one to another, so Python helps us in order to do that and visualize what happens.

pycocotools is a Python API that assists in loading, parsing and visualizing the annotations in COCO. A very simple and practical tutorial shows how to use it https://github.com/cocodataset/cocoapi/blob/master/PythonAPI/pycocoDemo.ipynb

The tool is really interesting because due to the popularity of the dataset, the format that COCO uses to store annotations is often the go-to format when creating a new custom object detection dataset or simply find one that follow the same baseline.

We suggest you to open the tutorial and to try to interact with it. It's funny ๐Ÿ˜†.

COCO homepage -> https://cocodataset.org/#home
COCO annotation format -> https://cocodataset.org/#format-data
COCO paper -> https://arxiv.org/pdf/1405.0312.pdf
COCO download -> https://cocodataset.org/#download
pycocotools -> https://github.com/cocodataset/cocoapi/blob/master/PythonAPI/pycocotools/coco.py
AI Experts in 2021
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This roadmap is very useful to understand if we have all the knowledge to become AI experts.
It is interesting to check if we are forgetting something important.
Classifying emotions using audio recordings
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Today we propose an article, precisely a tutorial, that explains how to classify emotions using Python and CNN. Hope you enjoy it!

https://towardsdatascience.com/classifying-emotions-using-audio-recordings-and-python-434e748a95eb
DDPM - Diffusion Models Beat GANs on Image Synthesis (NEW!)
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GANs have dominated the image generation space for the main part of the last decade.
This paper shows for the first time, how a non-GAN model, a DDPM, can be improved to overtake GANs at standard evaluation metrics for image generation. The produced samples look amazing and other than GANs, the new model has a formal probabilistic foundation. Is there a future for GANs or are Diffusion Models going to overtake them for good?

If you are looking for someone to help you read this paper I recommend Yannic's video, as always.

We suggest you first to read about Diffision Models (also explained in the Yannic's video).

Then the actual paper ๐Ÿ“š: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2105.05233

And obviously keep an eye on the code to understand the details ๐Ÿ’ป: https://github.com/openai/guided-diffusion
Siamese Neural Networks: an overview
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A general consideration of what Siamese networks are and how useful they might be in dynamic contexts that require what is known as One Shot Learning

https://www.mygreatlearning.com/blog/siamese-networks/

Here you can see a practical example applied to the well-known Omniglot Dataset for the use of Siamese Neural Networks, using Keras as a framework.

https://towardsdatascience.com/one-shot-learning-with-siamese-networks-using-keras-17f34e75bb3d
gMLP: Pay Attention to MLPs
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๐Ÿ” We've been discussing Transformers a lot on this channel, and the latest publications are pointing out more and more that, what's important in Transformers, are more MLPs and not Attention modules.

Here is another study from Google Research that shows that the attention module can be removed from the Transformers architecture.

The proposed architecture is called gMLP, based only on MLPs with gating (that's what the "g" stands for), and it shows that it can perform just like Transformers in language and vision applications.

โšก๏ธ With 66% fewer parameters, a gMLP model is 3% more accurate than MLP-Mixer.

If you'd like to first understand how transformers work here's a video for you: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OyFJWRnt_AY

๐Ÿ“š Paper: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2105.08050.pdf