Why does USA under Trump 2.0 want to negotiate nuclear deal with Iran?
[1] Preventing a Nuclear-Armed Iran: Even a minimal agreement could achieve "freeze-for-freeze": Iran freezes nuclear advances, the U.S. freezes new sanctions.
[2] Global Oil Markets and Inflation: Stability in the Middle East means more stable oil prices. Trump has always prioritized lower energy prices and economic stability, especially heading into an election.
[3] Foreign Policy "Win": Trump loves "deal-making." A renegotiated Iran deal would let him claim a tougher, "better" version of the JCPOA.
[4] Reduce Risk of War: Tensions with Iran—especially after the killing of General Qassem Soleimani in 2020—risk sparking wider conflict.
[5] Iran Is Closer Than Ever to Nuclear Capability: Since the U.S. pulled out of the original deal in 2018, Iran has boosted uranium enrichment to 60% purity (close to weapons-grade).
[1] Preventing a Nuclear-Armed Iran: Even a minimal agreement could achieve "freeze-for-freeze": Iran freezes nuclear advances, the U.S. freezes new sanctions.
[2] Global Oil Markets and Inflation: Stability in the Middle East means more stable oil prices. Trump has always prioritized lower energy prices and economic stability, especially heading into an election.
[3] Foreign Policy "Win": Trump loves "deal-making." A renegotiated Iran deal would let him claim a tougher, "better" version of the JCPOA.
[4] Reduce Risk of War: Tensions with Iran—especially after the killing of General Qassem Soleimani in 2020—risk sparking wider conflict.
[5] Iran Is Closer Than Ever to Nuclear Capability: Since the U.S. pulled out of the original deal in 2018, Iran has boosted uranium enrichment to 60% purity (close to weapons-grade).
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How Dr Ambedkar and Gandhi were different in principles?
[1] Dr. Ambedkar wanted a progressive post-war constitution based on a big state with the authority to ensure law and order, separation of powers to prevent overreach and a range of fundamental rights to capture the global move towards universal human rights for all. Gandhi found such a constitution “entirely Western” but grasped its prospect of consensus instinctively.
[2] Dr. Ambedkar believed that India needed a powerful state machinery that could ensure law and order at the margins of the country. Gandhi on the other hand believed that a large state would be too distant from the people.
[3] For Ambedkar, the state would be duty-bound to manage the economy and control industries for the common good. But for Gandhi, self-sustaining villages based on agriculture and cottage industry were the way forward.
[4] Centuries of feudalism, sectarianism and casteism would be uprooted, in Ambedkar’s vision, through fundamental rights to life, liberty and equality for every individual. Gandhi thought differently: history could not be undone by a policy document such as a constitution — it needed individuals to change themselves.
[1] Dr. Ambedkar wanted a progressive post-war constitution based on a big state with the authority to ensure law and order, separation of powers to prevent overreach and a range of fundamental rights to capture the global move towards universal human rights for all. Gandhi found such a constitution “entirely Western” but grasped its prospect of consensus instinctively.
[2] Dr. Ambedkar believed that India needed a powerful state machinery that could ensure law and order at the margins of the country. Gandhi on the other hand believed that a large state would be too distant from the people.
[3] For Ambedkar, the state would be duty-bound to manage the economy and control industries for the common good. But for Gandhi, self-sustaining villages based on agriculture and cottage industry were the way forward.
[4] Centuries of feudalism, sectarianism and casteism would be uprooted, in Ambedkar’s vision, through fundamental rights to life, liberty and equality for every individual. Gandhi thought differently: history could not be undone by a policy document such as a constitution — it needed individuals to change themselves.
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Understanding Dr Ambedkar beyond caste calculus
1. Principal Architect of the Indian Constitution: As the Chairman of the Drafting Committee of the Constituent Assembly, Ambedkar played a central role in framing the Indian Constitution.
2. Opposed Article 370: Dr Ambedkar was the first person to oppose the idea of Article 370. He refused to construct it. That's why the task of drafting Article 370 was given to Gopalaswami Ayangar.
3. Advocated Uniform Civil Code: Today the demand for UCC has been on the table. Dr. Ambedkar was adamant for UCC to bring equity within the religion. Since the leadership didn't agree, he achieved at least Hindu Code Bill in return.
4. Champion of economic transformation: Advocacy for state-led industrialization and public sector enterprises. Also, he submitted recommendations to form RBI (Reserve Bank of India) through the Hilton Young Commission.
5. Anticipated Chinese intention much before: Dr. Ambedkar was critical of Nehru's friendly approach to Communist China and taking a non-alignment position preventing India to develop close ties with the democratic US. Today India is doing the same.
1. Principal Architect of the Indian Constitution: As the Chairman of the Drafting Committee of the Constituent Assembly, Ambedkar played a central role in framing the Indian Constitution.
2. Opposed Article 370: Dr Ambedkar was the first person to oppose the idea of Article 370. He refused to construct it. That's why the task of drafting Article 370 was given to Gopalaswami Ayangar.
3. Advocated Uniform Civil Code: Today the demand for UCC has been on the table. Dr. Ambedkar was adamant for UCC to bring equity within the religion. Since the leadership didn't agree, he achieved at least Hindu Code Bill in return.
4. Champion of economic transformation: Advocacy for state-led industrialization and public sector enterprises. Also, he submitted recommendations to form RBI (Reserve Bank of India) through the Hilton Young Commission.
5. Anticipated Chinese intention much before: Dr. Ambedkar was critical of Nehru's friendly approach to Communist China and taking a non-alignment position preventing India to develop close ties with the democratic US. Today India is doing the same.
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Trumponomics rests on a few key propositions.
[1] The first is that America needs to bring back manufacturing, lost to China and other economies over the past several decades. Globalisation and the offshoring of manufacturing in the U.S. have meant the loss of millions of jobs. Stephen Miran, Chair, Council of Economic Advisers, The White House, cites a study that estimates jobs lost in manufacturing between 2000 and 2011 at two million.
[2] Trumponomics argues that America also needs manufacturing for the purpose of national security. It cannot afford to have its defence sector rely heavily on imports of steel, aluminium, and semi-conductors. In a crisis, American military capabilities could be seriously compromised.
[3] Also, Trumponomics is that free trade is not necessarily fair trade. Imports from China are cheaper because China provides subsidies to its firms in various forms, uses slave labour to drive down costs, invests funds in state-owned technology companies, and indulges in industrial espionage and theft of intellectual property. It makes no sense to have American companies wiped out by competitors that do not adhere to the rules of a free market economy.
[4] America’s chronic trade deficits are unaffordable as the flip side is foreigners using their trade surpluses to acquire more and more American assets. In recent years, trade deficits have been of the order of $500 billion to $1 trillion a year.
[1] The first is that America needs to bring back manufacturing, lost to China and other economies over the past several decades. Globalisation and the offshoring of manufacturing in the U.S. have meant the loss of millions of jobs. Stephen Miran, Chair, Council of Economic Advisers, The White House, cites a study that estimates jobs lost in manufacturing between 2000 and 2011 at two million.
[2] Trumponomics argues that America also needs manufacturing for the purpose of national security. It cannot afford to have its defence sector rely heavily on imports of steel, aluminium, and semi-conductors. In a crisis, American military capabilities could be seriously compromised.
[3] Also, Trumponomics is that free trade is not necessarily fair trade. Imports from China are cheaper because China provides subsidies to its firms in various forms, uses slave labour to drive down costs, invests funds in state-owned technology companies, and indulges in industrial espionage and theft of intellectual property. It makes no sense to have American companies wiped out by competitors that do not adhere to the rules of a free market economy.
[4] America’s chronic trade deficits are unaffordable as the flip side is foreigners using their trade surpluses to acquire more and more American assets. In recent years, trade deficits have been of the order of $500 billion to $1 trillion a year.
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Time of reciprocating relationship in international politics
Bangladesh has recently imposed port restrictions on export of Indian yarn via land ports allowing our yarn exports only via seaports. It has been decided to reciprocate this measure by imposing port restrictions on imports from Bangladesh of ready-made garments of all categories across all land ports – LCS (Land Customs Stations) and ICP (Integrated Check Posts)
India has decided to impose port restrictions across all LCSs and ICPs in Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, and Mizoram on specified Bangladesh exports to India, targeting those commodities that can be locally manufactured
Bangladesh has recently imposed port restrictions on export of Indian yarn via land ports allowing our yarn exports only via seaports. It has been decided to reciprocate this measure by imposing port restrictions on imports from Bangladesh of ready-made garments of all categories across all land ports – LCS (Land Customs Stations) and ICP (Integrated Check Posts)
India has decided to impose port restrictions across all LCSs and ICPs in Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, and Mizoram on specified Bangladesh exports to India, targeting those commodities that can be locally manufactured
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