Other two questions are
[3] Uniform Civil Code: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L9popbb660w (Click here for pdf file)
[4] Chandrayaan 3: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NeCd3OrYr54 (Click here for pdf file)
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[3] Uniform Civil Code: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L9popbb660w (Click here for pdf file)
[4] Chandrayaan 3: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NeCd3OrYr54 (Click here for pdf file)
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Decoding World Affairs
Let's decode this debate
How does Indian Secularism differ from European secularism?
[1] Contextual differences: The idea of secularism in India emerged as a response to religious diversity and a history of coexistence and interactions between different religious communities. However, European secularism has its roots in the historical experiences of the continent, including the conflicts between different Christian denominations and the desire to separate religious and political authority.
[2] Relationship between State and Religion: The Indian state aims to maintain a neutral stance towards all religions, emphasizing tolerance and inclusivity. However, European secularism is often characterized by a more strict separation between religion and the state. Such strictness is not generally found in India.
[3] Differential civil and personal laws: In many European countries, there is a greater tendency towards having a uniform legal system that applies equally to all citizens, irrespective of their religious affiliations. However, some communities are allowed to follow personal law constitutionally.
[4] Philosophical differences: Indian secularism often emphasizes cultural and religious pluralism, acknowledging and celebrating the diversity. However, European secularism, while valuing religious freedom, may place a stronger emphasis on individual rights and freedoms.
[5] Treatment of Religious Symbols: India generally allows the public display of religious symbols, and there is a greater acceptance of religious diversity in public spaces. However, European countries like France restricts the display of religious symbols in certain public institutions to maintain a neutral public space.
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[1] Contextual differences: The idea of secularism in India emerged as a response to religious diversity and a history of coexistence and interactions between different religious communities. However, European secularism has its roots in the historical experiences of the continent, including the conflicts between different Christian denominations and the desire to separate religious and political authority.
[2] Relationship between State and Religion: The Indian state aims to maintain a neutral stance towards all religions, emphasizing tolerance and inclusivity. However, European secularism is often characterized by a more strict separation between religion and the state. Such strictness is not generally found in India.
[3] Differential civil and personal laws: In many European countries, there is a greater tendency towards having a uniform legal system that applies equally to all citizens, irrespective of their religious affiliations. However, some communities are allowed to follow personal law constitutionally.
[4] Philosophical differences: Indian secularism often emphasizes cultural and religious pluralism, acknowledging and celebrating the diversity. However, European secularism, while valuing religious freedom, may place a stronger emphasis on individual rights and freedoms.
[5] Treatment of Religious Symbols: India generally allows the public display of religious symbols, and there is a greater acceptance of religious diversity in public spaces. However, European countries like France restricts the display of religious symbols in certain public institutions to maintain a neutral public space.
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https://decodingworldaffairs.com/thinking-is-like-a-game-it-does-not-begin-unless-there-is-an-opposite-team/
PhilosophicalEssay 2023
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PhilosophicalEssay 2023
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Decoding World Affairs
Thinking is like a game, it does not begin unless there is an opposite team
This essay - thinking is like a game ... - was asked in UPSC CSE 2023. It has been written in proper format with quality content.
Journey of Sheikh Hasina in Bangladesh
⏹ When Sheikh Mujib was assassinated on August 15, 1975, Hasina was in West Germany. Later, she took refuge in India for six years
⏹ On May 17, 1981, Hasina returned to Bangladesh. By then, the Awami League had elected her in absentia as its General Secretary
⏹ In 1990, she joined hands with her political rival Khaleda Zia to mobilise mass protests against Ershad's regime and eventually forced the dictator to resign
⏹ In 1996, the Awami League defeated the BNP in general elections, paving the way for the first term of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina
⏹ When Sheikh Mujib was assassinated on August 15, 1975, Hasina was in West Germany. Later, she took refuge in India for six years
⏹ On May 17, 1981, Hasina returned to Bangladesh. By then, the Awami League had elected her in absentia as its General Secretary
⏹ In 1990, she joined hands with her political rival Khaleda Zia to mobilise mass protests against Ershad's regime and eventually forced the dictator to resign
⏹ In 1996, the Awami League defeated the BNP in general elections, paving the way for the first term of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina
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https://decodingworldaffairs.com/history-is-a-series-of-victories-won-by-the-scientific-man-over-the-romantic-man/
PhilosophicalEssay 2022
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PhilosophicalEssay 2022
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Decoding World Affairs
History is a series of victories won by the scientific man over the romantic man
Content: (1) Entangle knots in ancient (2) Trickling down into medieval times (3) Scientific tradition in modern (4) In the post-modern era.
Decoding World Affairs
Let's understand the perspectives of truck drivers....
In 2022, India registered the highest count of road crash fatalities, exceeding 1.68 lakh deaths. This unsettling statistic translates to an average of 462 deaths daily. Hence, govt brought stringent hit and run laws. But it has been opposed by the drivers. Let's decode their perspective on this legislation.
Arguments by drivers against hit and run laws
[1] High penalty: Their primary concern is the severe punishment of 10 years imprisonment and ₹7 lakh fine for drivers who flee the scene of an accident without reporting the same.
[2] Punishment is not proportional: They argue that the punishment provided by the law is disproportionate and does not align with the realities of road transport and the nature of accidents.
[3] Danger of mob violence: Fears of mob violence against drivers in the event that they stop to assist the injured at accident sites.
[4] Unintentional motive: Accidents may be caused by factors beyond the driver’s control, such as poor visibility due to fog.
[5] Unfairly blamed: The general perception among drivers is that they are often unfairly blamed for accidents, regardless of the actual circumstances.
[6] Hamper transport industries: These harsh penalties could have a negative impact on the transport industry as a whole given that stringent punishments may deter many from joining or continuing in the profession.
[7] Reasons behind accident lies somewhere: Exploitative workplace for commercial drivers, challenging work conditions, including long driving hours, difficult roads, manufacturing faults like poor visibility areas etc are sometimes reason behind accidents.
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Arguments by drivers against hit and run laws
[1] High penalty: Their primary concern is the severe punishment of 10 years imprisonment and ₹7 lakh fine for drivers who flee the scene of an accident without reporting the same.
[2] Punishment is not proportional: They argue that the punishment provided by the law is disproportionate and does not align with the realities of road transport and the nature of accidents.
[3] Danger of mob violence: Fears of mob violence against drivers in the event that they stop to assist the injured at accident sites.
[4] Unintentional motive: Accidents may be caused by factors beyond the driver’s control, such as poor visibility due to fog.
[5] Unfairly blamed: The general perception among drivers is that they are often unfairly blamed for accidents, regardless of the actual circumstances.
[6] Hamper transport industries: These harsh penalties could have a negative impact on the transport industry as a whole given that stringent punishments may deter many from joining or continuing in the profession.
[7] Reasons behind accident lies somewhere: Exploitative workplace for commercial drivers, challenging work conditions, including long driving hours, difficult roads, manufacturing faults like poor visibility areas etc are sometimes reason behind accidents.
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Decoding World Affairs
Let's look into it
Bilkis Bano Case
⏹ The heinous crimes for which the 11 persons were convicted were committed in Gujarat in March 2002. However, considering the need for fair trial, these cases were shifted to Maharashtra by the Supreme Court in 2004. A CBI trial court in Mumbai sentenced the convicts to life imprisonment in 2008.
⏹ One of the convicts, Radheshyam Shah, moved the Supreme Court in 2022 seeking directions to the Gujarat government to consider his remission application under the State’s ‘Remission policy’ of 1992. The argument was that this was the policy in force at the time of the commission of offence (2002) and at the time of sentencing (2008).
⏹ The Supreme Court in an order in May 2022, directed the Gujarat government to consider Shah’s application for premature release under the 1992 policy.
⏹ The Godhra Jail Advisory Committee (JAC) headed by the District Magistrate unanimously recommended the remission of sentence for the 11 convicts and they were freed in August 2022.
What were issues involved?
[1] Should be done by Maharashtra and NOT Gujrat: The provisions of CrPC are quite clear, that the appropriate State government for considering the remission application should have been Maharashtra where the sentencing happened and not Gujarat where the offence was committed or jail term was being served.
[2] NO opinion of presiding Judge: The law requires the opinion of the presiding judge of the convicting court to be obtained before considering the remission petition, which was not followed in this case.
[3] Against Supreme Court guidelines: Supreme Court in a judgement laid down five grounds on which remission is to be considered. The first of these is whether the offence is an individual act of crime that does not affect society. It would be unfair to claim that such a heinous crime does not impact the conscience of a civilised society.
[4] Should not be granted in wholesome: SC had held that a convict serving life imprisonment does not have a right to be prematurely released on completion of 14 years in jail and that remission should be considered only on a case-by-case basis. In light of this judgment, the Home Ministry had issued an advisory in 2013 prescribing that remission should not be granted in a ‘wholesale manner’.
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⏹ The heinous crimes for which the 11 persons were convicted were committed in Gujarat in March 2002. However, considering the need for fair trial, these cases were shifted to Maharashtra by the Supreme Court in 2004. A CBI trial court in Mumbai sentenced the convicts to life imprisonment in 2008.
⏹ One of the convicts, Radheshyam Shah, moved the Supreme Court in 2022 seeking directions to the Gujarat government to consider his remission application under the State’s ‘Remission policy’ of 1992. The argument was that this was the policy in force at the time of the commission of offence (2002) and at the time of sentencing (2008).
⏹ The Supreme Court in an order in May 2022, directed the Gujarat government to consider Shah’s application for premature release under the 1992 policy.
⏹ The Godhra Jail Advisory Committee (JAC) headed by the District Magistrate unanimously recommended the remission of sentence for the 11 convicts and they were freed in August 2022.
What were issues involved?
[1] Should be done by Maharashtra and NOT Gujrat: The provisions of CrPC are quite clear, that the appropriate State government for considering the remission application should have been Maharashtra where the sentencing happened and not Gujarat where the offence was committed or jail term was being served.
[2] NO opinion of presiding Judge: The law requires the opinion of the presiding judge of the convicting court to be obtained before considering the remission petition, which was not followed in this case.
[3] Against Supreme Court guidelines: Supreme Court in a judgement laid down five grounds on which remission is to be considered. The first of these is whether the offence is an individual act of crime that does not affect society. It would be unfair to claim that such a heinous crime does not impact the conscience of a civilised society.
[4] Should not be granted in wholesome: SC had held that a convict serving life imprisonment does not have a right to be prematurely released on completion of 14 years in jail and that remission should be considered only on a case-by-case basis. In light of this judgment, the Home Ministry had issued an advisory in 2013 prescribing that remission should not be granted in a ‘wholesale manner’.
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https://decodingworldaffairs.com/israel-palestine-conflict-the-roots-of-jews-muslims-clashes/
#talk_of_the_town
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Decoding World Affairs
Israel-Palestine conflict: The roots of Jews-Muslims clashes
Content: (1) Start of Israel-Palestine conflict (2) Palestinians & Hamas (3) Oslo Accord (4) Geopolitical reflection (5) India's perspective
Decoding World Affairs
Let's look into challenges facing by UN court i.e., ICJ (International Court of Justice)
Context: The International Court of Justice (ICJ), the UN’s highest judicial body, is once again in news after it held hearings over the last two days in a case instituted by South Africa, accusing Israel of committing genocide in Gaza.
Let's look into the core challenges ICJ face
[1] Impartiality in question: ICJ judges ought to be impartial and cannot act as extensions of their countries. However, in the past, judges have often voted in line with the politics of their respective nations. For instance, in 2022, when the court ordered Russia to immediately halt its military operations in Ukraine, judges from Russia and China were the only ones who voted against the decision.
[2] No enforcement powers: The UN Charter authorises the UNSC to enforce the court’s decisions — however, its compliance is often at the mercy of the power politics of the permanent members of the Security Council. The enforcement of any adverse ruling against Israel is likely to be vetoed by its strongest ally, the U.S.
[3] Non-participation of powerful members: Another challenge to the court’s efficacy is the non-participation of powerful member states in its proceedings. In the proceedings instituted by Ukraine against Russia in 2022, the latter refused to advance submissions “in light of the apparent absurdity of the lawsuit”.
[4] Excessive delay: The ICJ’s slow and bureaucratic procedure resulting in rulings taking years to be pronounced has also been a subject of criticism.For e.g. A 2019 case instituted by Gambia against Myanmar for its military crackdown on Rohingya refugees is still in trial. The court took nearly two and a half years to deliver its judgment on preliminary objections since Gambia’s initial plea, requesting provisional measures.
[5] Potential fragmentation of international law: Today, the court exists alongside the Permanent Court of Arbitration, the International Criminal Court, the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, and panels established under the WTO.
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Let's look into the core challenges ICJ face
[1] Impartiality in question: ICJ judges ought to be impartial and cannot act as extensions of their countries. However, in the past, judges have often voted in line with the politics of their respective nations. For instance, in 2022, when the court ordered Russia to immediately halt its military operations in Ukraine, judges from Russia and China were the only ones who voted against the decision.
[2] No enforcement powers: The UN Charter authorises the UNSC to enforce the court’s decisions — however, its compliance is often at the mercy of the power politics of the permanent members of the Security Council. The enforcement of any adverse ruling against Israel is likely to be vetoed by its strongest ally, the U.S.
[3] Non-participation of powerful members: Another challenge to the court’s efficacy is the non-participation of powerful member states in its proceedings. In the proceedings instituted by Ukraine against Russia in 2022, the latter refused to advance submissions “in light of the apparent absurdity of the lawsuit”.
[4] Excessive delay: The ICJ’s slow and bureaucratic procedure resulting in rulings taking years to be pronounced has also been a subject of criticism.For e.g. A 2019 case instituted by Gambia against Myanmar for its military crackdown on Rohingya refugees is still in trial. The court took nearly two and a half years to deliver its judgment on preliminary objections since Gambia’s initial plea, requesting provisional measures.
[5] Potential fragmentation of international law: Today, the court exists alongside the Permanent Court of Arbitration, the International Criminal Court, the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, and panels established under the WTO.
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Decoding World Affairs
What should India do? Let's look into it...
⏹ Why did India map troops in Maldieves?
[1] Quick disposal of troops: Firstly, Sea land of communication near Maldieves from where maritime trade is being done. Secondly, Somalia is also very close that poses threat to piracy.
[2] Training Maldivian troops: India has kept forces to train Maldivian forces.
[3] Aiding Maldieves: It involved aid in the form of financial assistance during the 2004 Tsunami, the 2014 Water Crisis and the pandemic.
⏹ What should India withdraw troops temporarily?
[1] Take a step back: Sometime, taking steps back are needed for greater good. Temporarily if India withdraws, it would definitely benefit India. It will create win-win situation. Muizzu would be able to say that he has promised election promises. India will be able to continue projects.
[2] Delegitimized Chinese approach: If India continues with bottom up approach against Chinese top down approach, it would give comparative differences among the people of Maldieves. India may gain legitimacy in long term.
[3] Building parallel leadership: India should start backing Wahid Hasan (a dissent faction of Progressive party of Maldieves to which Muizzu belong) along with backing Ibrahim Solih. If India brings Wahid Hasan and Ibrahim Solih together to from govt by inducing crack, it would weaken anti-India narrative.
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[1] Quick disposal of troops: Firstly, Sea land of communication near Maldieves from where maritime trade is being done. Secondly, Somalia is also very close that poses threat to piracy.
[2] Training Maldivian troops: India has kept forces to train Maldivian forces.
[3] Aiding Maldieves: It involved aid in the form of financial assistance during the 2004 Tsunami, the 2014 Water Crisis and the pandemic.
⏹ What should India withdraw troops temporarily?
[1] Take a step back: Sometime, taking steps back are needed for greater good. Temporarily if India withdraws, it would definitely benefit India. It will create win-win situation. Muizzu would be able to say that he has promised election promises. India will be able to continue projects.
[2] Delegitimized Chinese approach: If India continues with bottom up approach against Chinese top down approach, it would give comparative differences among the people of Maldieves. India may gain legitimacy in long term.
[3] Building parallel leadership: India should start backing Wahid Hasan (a dissent faction of Progressive party of Maldieves to which Muizzu belong) along with backing Ibrahim Solih. If India brings Wahid Hasan and Ibrahim Solih together to from govt by inducing crack, it would weaken anti-India narrative.
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