VPN connects ✅ but traffic = 0? Fix it fast.

1) Routes
- Default route missing/split-tunnel wrong
- Push route not installed
Check: ip route | route -n | netstat -rn

2) DNS
- DNS still points to local/ISP
- DNS leaks / wrong search domain
Check: resolvectl status | cat /etc/resolv.conf | nslookup example.com

3) MTU / MSS
- Handshake ok, payload drops (PMTUD blocked)
Test: ping -M do -s 1472 1.1.1.1 (Linux)
Fix: lower MTU (e.g., 1400) / enable MSS clamping

4) Firewall / NAT
- Local firewall blocks tun/tap
- Server missing NAT/forwarding
Check: sudo nft list ruleset | sudo iptables -S

5) VPN config
- Wrong allowed-ips / policy routing
- Wrong gateway on tunnel

Quick diagnostic (copy/paste)
Linux: ip a; ip r; ss -tupn; traceroute 1.1.1.1; dig @1.1.1.1 google.com
Win: ipconfig /all & route print & nslookup google.com
macOS: ifconfig; netstat -rn; scutil --dns

If you share: VPN type + client OS + “ip rou

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Tooling roundup: store/share VPN configs safely

Best options
✅ Password manager (1Password/Bitwarden/KeePass): attach .ovpn/.conf, store PSK/certs, share via vaults.
✅ Encrypted archive: 7z/AES-256 or age + separate channel for the password.
✅ WireGuard QR: generate QR for one device, show once, revoke if exposed.
✅ Secure notes: split config + key material into separate items.

Do / Don’t
✅ Do: use short-lived links; rotate keys after sharing.
✅ Do: verify fingerprints out-of-band.
✅ Do: least-privilege (per-user configs).
❌ Don’t: paste configs in chat/email.
❌ Don’t: reuse one WG peer for many devices.
❌ Don’t: store in plain cloud drives.

Rule: treat VPN configs like passwords + private keys.

#VPN #WireGuard #OpenVPN #OPSEC #CyberSecurity

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