🚨 CVE-2026-98459
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
Bluetooth: ISO: balance the parent hold in hci_bind_bis()
hci_conn_link() takes a lifetime reference to its parent with
hci_conn_get(), but only takes an operational hold on the child.
hci_conn_unlink() later balances both a hold and a reference on the
parent.
The SCO and CIS paths pass a parent acquired from a connect helper, so
it already has a hold. For an additional BIS, hci_bind_bis() obtains the
parent from hci_conn_hash_lookup_big(), which returns a bare pointer.
Unlinking the child then drops the parent's existing hold and can
schedule it for disconnection while its socket is still using it.
Take a hold on the parent before linking it and drop that hold if linking
fails. A successful link transfers the hold to hci_conn_unlink().
🎖@cveNotify
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
Bluetooth: ISO: balance the parent hold in hci_bind_bis()
hci_conn_link() takes a lifetime reference to its parent with
hci_conn_get(), but only takes an operational hold on the child.
hci_conn_unlink() later balances both a hold and a reference on the
parent.
The SCO and CIS paths pass a parent acquired from a connect helper, so
it already has a hold. For an additional BIS, hci_bind_bis() obtains the
parent from hci_conn_hash_lookup_big(), which returns a bare pointer.
Unlinking the child then drops the parent's existing hold and can
schedule it for disconnection while its socket is still using it.
Take a hold on the parent before linking it and drop that hold if linking
fails. A successful link transfers the hold to hci_conn_unlink().
🎖@cveNotify
🚨 CVE-2026-98460
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
Bluetooth: hci_sock: reject out-of-range OCF values
The raw HCI socket security filter has 128 OCF bits per supported OGF,
but masks the 10-bit OCF with 127 before looking up the command. An
unprivileged socket can therefore submit a reserved OCF that aliases an
allowlisted command modulo 128.
A conforming controller should reject reserved opcodes. Nevertheless,
the security decision must apply to the opcode that will actually be
sent, especially since controller-specific behavior is outside the host
stack's control.
Reject OCF values that cannot be represented by the security filter
instead of aliasing them onto an unrelated command.
🎖@cveNotify
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
Bluetooth: hci_sock: reject out-of-range OCF values
The raw HCI socket security filter has 128 OCF bits per supported OGF,
but masks the 10-bit OCF with 127 before looking up the command. An
unprivileged socket can therefore submit a reserved OCF that aliases an
allowlisted command modulo 128.
A conforming controller should reject reserved opcodes. Nevertheless,
the security decision must apply to the opcode that will actually be
sent, especially since controller-specific behavior is outside the host
stack's control.
Reject OCF values that cannot be represented by the security filter
instead of aliasing them onto an unrelated command.
🎖@cveNotify
🚨 CVE-2026-98461
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
Bluetooth: hci_sock: validate event length before filtering
is_filtered_packet() reads the event code from skb->data[0] without first
checking that the skb is nonempty. When an opcode filter is configured,
it also reads the command opcode at offsets 3 or 4 without checking that
a Command Complete or Command Status event is long enough.
hci_send_to_sock() invokes the filter before hci_event_packet() validates
the event header. A malformed event supplied by a controller or a vhci
device can therefore cause an out-of-bounds read.
Keep the unmasked event code for the opcode checks. The masked value is
needed for the 64-bit event bitmap, but using it to identify command events
aliases event codes above 0x3f. In particular, Synchronous Train Complete
(0x4f) was treated as Command Status (0x0f) even though its payload has no
opcode.
Reject actual command events that are too short for the field being
inspected. A truncated command event cannot match a configured opcode.
🎖@cveNotify
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
Bluetooth: hci_sock: validate event length before filtering
is_filtered_packet() reads the event code from skb->data[0] without first
checking that the skb is nonempty. When an opcode filter is configured,
it also reads the command opcode at offsets 3 or 4 without checking that
a Command Complete or Command Status event is long enough.
hci_send_to_sock() invokes the filter before hci_event_packet() validates
the event header. A malformed event supplied by a controller or a vhci
device can therefore cause an out-of-bounds read.
Keep the unmasked event code for the opcode checks. The masked value is
needed for the 64-bit event bitmap, but using it to identify command events
aliases event codes above 0x3f. In particular, Synchronous Train Complete
(0x4f) was treated as Command Status (0x0f) even though its payload has no
opcode.
Reject actual command events that are too short for the field being
inspected. A truncated command event cannot match a configured opcode.
🎖@cveNotify
🚨 CVE-2026-98462
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
Bluetooth: hci_conn: fix CIS hold ownership on reuse
Commit 69997d50ec57 ("Bluetooth: ISO: handle bound CIS cleanup via
hci_conn") made hci_bind_cis() and hci_connect_cis() return a
connection with one hold for the ISO layer. hci_bind_cis() currently
takes that hold only after configuring a CIS, so its BT_CONNECTED and
matching BT_BOUND paths return a bare lookup result. Its configuration
failure path can likewise call hci_conn_drop() before taking a hold.
Take the hold before any state-dependent return or configuration error
so every successful return follows the documented ownership contract
and every error drop is balanced.
hci_connect_cis() also assumes hci_conn_link() always takes a new CIS
hold before dropping the one returned by hci_bind_cis(). However, the
helper returns an existing link without taking another hold. In that
case, preserve the CIS hold for the caller and drop the redundant LE
hold because the existing link already owns its parent hold. Returning
early also avoids changing an existing CIS back to BT_CONNECT.
🎖@cveNotify
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
Bluetooth: hci_conn: fix CIS hold ownership on reuse
Commit 69997d50ec57 ("Bluetooth: ISO: handle bound CIS cleanup via
hci_conn") made hci_bind_cis() and hci_connect_cis() return a
connection with one hold for the ISO layer. hci_bind_cis() currently
takes that hold only after configuring a CIS, so its BT_CONNECTED and
matching BT_BOUND paths return a bare lookup result. Its configuration
failure path can likewise call hci_conn_drop() before taking a hold.
Take the hold before any state-dependent return or configuration error
so every successful return follows the documented ownership contract
and every error drop is balanced.
hci_connect_cis() also assumes hci_conn_link() always takes a new CIS
hold before dropping the one returned by hci_bind_cis(). However, the
helper returns an existing link without taking another hold. In that
case, preserve the CIS hold for the caller and drop the redundant LE
hold because the existing link already owns its parent hold. Returning
early also avoids changing an existing CIS back to BT_CONNECT.
🎖@cveNotify
🚨 CVE-2026-98463
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
sched_ext: Derive SCX_RQ_IN_WAKEUP from the core enqueue flags
schedule_deferred_locked() skips scheduling a deferred action while
SCX_RQ_IN_WAKEUP is set and relies on the task_woken_scx() call that follows
a wakeup enqueue to run it. enqueue_task_scx() sets the flag from the merged
enqueue flags, which include the flags stashed for a remote activation.
move_remote_task_to_local_dsq() thus sets SCX_RQ_IN_WAKEUP on the
destination rq when the moved task was woken up, although no
task_woken_scx() follows that activation.
An IMMED insert into a busy destination requests a local reenqueue during
that enqueue. The request gets linked but not scheduled and stays pending
until an unrelated wakeup or preemption on that CPU runs the deferred
actions. The IMMED task sits behind the running task in the meantime. If
nothing runs them before the scheduler is disabled, the request outlives the
scheduler and points into its freed per-cpu area, which the next scheduler
dereferences from run_deferred().
Test the core enqueue flags for the wakeup bit. Only the core's wakeup path
is followed by task_woken_scx().
🎖@cveNotify
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
sched_ext: Derive SCX_RQ_IN_WAKEUP from the core enqueue flags
schedule_deferred_locked() skips scheduling a deferred action while
SCX_RQ_IN_WAKEUP is set and relies on the task_woken_scx() call that follows
a wakeup enqueue to run it. enqueue_task_scx() sets the flag from the merged
enqueue flags, which include the flags stashed for a remote activation.
move_remote_task_to_local_dsq() thus sets SCX_RQ_IN_WAKEUP on the
destination rq when the moved task was woken up, although no
task_woken_scx() follows that activation.
An IMMED insert into a busy destination requests a local reenqueue during
that enqueue. The request gets linked but not scheduled and stays pending
until an unrelated wakeup or preemption on that CPU runs the deferred
actions. The IMMED task sits behind the running task in the meantime. If
nothing runs them before the scheduler is disabled, the request outlives the
scheduler and points into its freed per-cpu area, which the next scheduler
dereferences from run_deferred().
Test the core enqueue flags for the wakeup bit. Only the core's wakeup path
is followed by task_woken_scx().
🎖@cveNotify
🚨 CVE-2026-98464
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
RISC-V: KVM: Synchronize hrtimer callback during teardown
The non-Sstc hrtimer callback clears next_set before its final uses of
the enclosing vCPU. If teardown observes next_set as false while the
callback is still running, kvm_riscv_vcpu_timer_cancel() skips
hrtimer_cancel() and kvm_destroy_vcpus() can free the vCPU before the
callback enters kvm_riscv_vcpu_set_interrupt().
A guest can arm the timer with SBI TIME and request shutdown with SBI
legacy shutdown or SRST. A VMM that honors KVM_EXIT_SYSTEM_EVENT and
destroys the VM supplies the teardown side of the race; no post-launch
host ioctl is needed to arm or request teardown.
On upstream master 62cc90241548, generic KASAN reported:
BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in do_raw_spin_lock
Write of size 4 at addr ff60000005e58898
kvm_riscv_vcpu_set_interrupt
kvm_riscv_vcpu_hrtimer_expired
__hrtimer_run_queues
hrtimer_interrupt
The object was allocated by KVM_CREATE_VCPU and freed concurrently by:
kvm_destroy_vcpus
kvm_arch_destroy_vm
kvm_destroy_vm
__fput
For deterministic validation, I added mdelay(1000) immediately after
the existing next_set = false assignment. This only widens the
existing post-clear callback window. A no-delay trace build naturally
reached the callback-after-teardown-start/before-deinit ordering in 12
of 200 runs, but 1,500 stock-kernel stress iterations did not produce a
KASAN report, so natural reproduction is timing-sensitive.
Always invoke hrtimer_cancel() for an initialized timer. Preserve the
existing -EINVAL result when the timer is no longer set, but only after
synchronizing with a running callback.
With this patch, hrtimer_cancel() blocked for the full widened callback
window before vCPU destruction. KASAN reported no error in 100
fixed-and-widened runs or 200 fix-only timing-sweep runs.
🎖@cveNotify
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
RISC-V: KVM: Synchronize hrtimer callback during teardown
The non-Sstc hrtimer callback clears next_set before its final uses of
the enclosing vCPU. If teardown observes next_set as false while the
callback is still running, kvm_riscv_vcpu_timer_cancel() skips
hrtimer_cancel() and kvm_destroy_vcpus() can free the vCPU before the
callback enters kvm_riscv_vcpu_set_interrupt().
A guest can arm the timer with SBI TIME and request shutdown with SBI
legacy shutdown or SRST. A VMM that honors KVM_EXIT_SYSTEM_EVENT and
destroys the VM supplies the teardown side of the race; no post-launch
host ioctl is needed to arm or request teardown.
On upstream master 62cc90241548, generic KASAN reported:
BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in do_raw_spin_lock
Write of size 4 at addr ff60000005e58898
kvm_riscv_vcpu_set_interrupt
kvm_riscv_vcpu_hrtimer_expired
__hrtimer_run_queues
hrtimer_interrupt
The object was allocated by KVM_CREATE_VCPU and freed concurrently by:
kvm_destroy_vcpus
kvm_arch_destroy_vm
kvm_destroy_vm
__fput
For deterministic validation, I added mdelay(1000) immediately after
the existing next_set = false assignment. This only widens the
existing post-clear callback window. A no-delay trace build naturally
reached the callback-after-teardown-start/before-deinit ordering in 12
of 200 runs, but 1,500 stock-kernel stress iterations did not produce a
KASAN report, so natural reproduction is timing-sensitive.
Always invoke hrtimer_cancel() for an initialized timer. Preserve the
existing -EINVAL result when the timer is no longer set, but only after
synchronizing with a running callback.
With this patch, hrtimer_cancel() blocked for the full widened callback
window before vCPU destruction. KASAN reported no error in 100
fixed-and-widened runs or 200 fix-only timing-sweep runs.
🎖@cveNotify
🚨 CVE-2026-98465
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
RISC-V: KVM: Serialize IMSIC attributes with vCPU migration
KVM device ioctls are not serialized against KVM_RUN. As a result,
kvm_riscv_aia_imsic_rw_attr() can snapshot the physical CPU and HGEI of
an IMSIC VS-file before a concurrent vCPU migration releases it.
The HGEI can then be allocated to another vCPU before imsic_vsfile_rw()
uses the stale tuple. A GET or SET attribute may consequently access the
new owner's interrupt file.
Serialize the entire IMSIC attribute operation with the target vCPU
mutex. This prevents the VS-file from being migrated and recycled until
the attribute access completes. Acquire the mutex killably so that the
device ioctl remains interruptible while waiting for KVM_RUN to finish.
🎖@cveNotify
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
RISC-V: KVM: Serialize IMSIC attributes with vCPU migration
KVM device ioctls are not serialized against KVM_RUN. As a result,
kvm_riscv_aia_imsic_rw_attr() can snapshot the physical CPU and HGEI of
an IMSIC VS-file before a concurrent vCPU migration releases it.
The HGEI can then be allocated to another vCPU before imsic_vsfile_rw()
uses the stale tuple. A GET or SET attribute may consequently access the
new owner's interrupt file.
Serialize the entire IMSIC attribute operation with the target vCPU
mutex. This prevents the VS-file from being migrated and recycled until
the attribute access completes. Acquire the mutex killably so that the
device ioctl remains interruptible while waiting for KVM_RUN to finish.
🎖@cveNotify
🚨 CVE-2026-98466
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
KVM: arm64: Transfer the hyp stack pages out of the host stage-2
fix_host_ownership() walks only the linear-map alias of each memblock
region, and the per-CPU hyp stack, mapped in the private VA range for
its guard page, has none.
Walk each stack's VA range with the same walker.
🎖@cveNotify
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
KVM: arm64: Transfer the hyp stack pages out of the host stage-2
fix_host_ownership() walks only the linear-map alias of each memblock
region, and the per-CPU hyp stack, mapped in the private VA range for
its guard page, has none.
Walk each stack's VA range with the same walker.
🎖@cveNotify
🚨 CVE-2026-98467
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
KVM: arm64: nv: Fix null ptr deref on nested wp/unmap, teardown race
Commit 7270cc9157f4 ("KVM: arm64: nv: Handle VNCR_EL2 invalidation from MMU
notifiers") introduced VNCR_EL2 invalidation in both kvm_nested_s2_unmap()
and kvm_nested_s2_wp().
However at the point of this being performed concurrent stage 2 teardown of
a nested guest can cause kvm->arch.mmu.pgt to be set to NULL.
This happens in kvm_flush_shadow_all() -> kvm_arch_flush_shadow_all() ->
kvm_free_stage2_pgd() and is performed under the kvm->mmu_lock.
Commit ec14c272408a ("KVM: arm64: nv: Unmap/flush shadow stage 2 page
tables") introduced the teardown of the entire nested MMU range, which then
invokes stage2_apply_range() with resched=true:
mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_start()
-> ... -> kvm_mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_start()
-> kvm_mmu_unmap_gfn_range()
-> kvm_unmap_gfn_range()
-> kvm_nested_s2_unmap()
-> kvm_stage2_unmap_range()
-> __unmap_stage2_range()
-> stage2_apply_range()
This means that stage2_apply_range() can drop the kvm->mmu_lock and thus
concurrent progress can be made in lockstep with
kvm_arch_flush_shadow_all().
If kvm_arch_flush_shadow_all() advances ahead of stage2_apply_range() and
completes its operation it guarantees a NULL pointer deref.
Since kvm_free_stage2_pgd() is performed under the kvm->mmu_lock this will
either be observed NULL or not and serialised against
kvm_free_stage2_pgd().
Resolve the issue by abstracting the invalidation to a new function,
kvm_invalidate_vncr_ipa_all(), and check that the pgt is non-NULL before
dereferencing it.
🎖@cveNotify
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
KVM: arm64: nv: Fix null ptr deref on nested wp/unmap, teardown race
Commit 7270cc9157f4 ("KVM: arm64: nv: Handle VNCR_EL2 invalidation from MMU
notifiers") introduced VNCR_EL2 invalidation in both kvm_nested_s2_unmap()
and kvm_nested_s2_wp().
However at the point of this being performed concurrent stage 2 teardown of
a nested guest can cause kvm->arch.mmu.pgt to be set to NULL.
This happens in kvm_flush_shadow_all() -> kvm_arch_flush_shadow_all() ->
kvm_free_stage2_pgd() and is performed under the kvm->mmu_lock.
Commit ec14c272408a ("KVM: arm64: nv: Unmap/flush shadow stage 2 page
tables") introduced the teardown of the entire nested MMU range, which then
invokes stage2_apply_range() with resched=true:
mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_start()
-> ... -> kvm_mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_start()
-> kvm_mmu_unmap_gfn_range()
-> kvm_unmap_gfn_range()
-> kvm_nested_s2_unmap()
-> kvm_stage2_unmap_range()
-> __unmap_stage2_range()
-> stage2_apply_range()
This means that stage2_apply_range() can drop the kvm->mmu_lock and thus
concurrent progress can be made in lockstep with
kvm_arch_flush_shadow_all().
If kvm_arch_flush_shadow_all() advances ahead of stage2_apply_range() and
completes its operation it guarantees a NULL pointer deref.
Since kvm_free_stage2_pgd() is performed under the kvm->mmu_lock this will
either be observed NULL or not and serialised against
kvm_free_stage2_pgd().
Resolve the issue by abstracting the invalidation to a new function,
kvm_invalidate_vncr_ipa_all(), and check that the pgt is non-NULL before
dereferencing it.
🎖@cveNotify
🚨 CVE-2026-98468
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
KVM: arm64: Fix spurious warning for benign stage 2 teardown race
kvmtool was used to establish an L1 guest with 8 CPUs and 8 GiB of RAM, an
L2 guest with 4 CPUs and 4 GiB of RAM and an L3 guest with 2 CPUs and 2 GiB
of RAM, all of which was then exited.
Under memory pressure in the L0 host warnings were observed due to
migration triggered by compaction:
WARNING: arch/arm64/kvm/mmu.c:336 at __unmap_stage2_range+0x64/0x80,
CPU#5: kcompactd0/66
Which was, in turn, triggered by an MMU notifier for the host invalidation:
mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_start()
-> ... -> kvm_mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_start()
-> kvm_mmu_unmap_gfn_range()
-> kvm_unmap_gfn_range()
-> kvm_nested_s2_unmap()
-> kvm_stage2_unmap_range()
-> __unmap_stage2_range()
-> stage2_apply_range()
<- -EINVAL, triggering a WARN_ON()
Racing with L0's teardown of stage 2 page tables:
exit_mm()
-> mmput()
-> __mmput()
-> exit_mmap()
-> mmu_notifier_release()
-> ... -> kvm_mmu_notifier_release()
-> kvm_flush_shadow_all()
-> kvm_arch_flush_shadow_all()
-> kvm_free_stage2_pgd()
-> [ acquire kvm->mmu_lock for write ]
-> mmu->pgt = NULL [ among other tasks ]
-> [ release kvm->mmu_lock for write ]
It turns out there is a benign race resulting in a spurious warning:
Thread A - notify: migration | Thread B - notify: release
-------------------------------|---------------------------------
< kvm->mmu_lock held > |
stage2_apply_range() |
get mmu->pgt, check !NULL |
... | kvm_arch_flush_shadow_all()
cond_resched_rwlock_write(); | < contend, sleep kvm->mmu_lock >
< drop kvm->mmu_lock > | < acquire kvm->mmu_lock>
| ...
| kvm_free_stage2_pgd()
| mmu->pgt = NULL
| < invalidate MMU >
| ...
| < release kvm->mmu_lock >
[ scheduled ] |
stage2_apply_range() |
< loop to next > |
get, mmu->pgt, check !NULL |
is NULL, return -EINVAL |
__unmap_stage2_range() |
WARN_ON(-EINVAL) <--- entirely spurious - the race was handled
correctly.
Fix the spurious warning by updating stage2_apply_range() to no longer
treat concurrent PGT teardown on lock release as an error - whether the
walker is tearing down page tables or doing something else this is a
legitimate reason to abort the operation without error.
This keeps the warning in place for all other circumstances.
In practice only __unmap_stage2_range() actually does anything with the
error so this only impacts that.
🎖@cveNotify
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
KVM: arm64: Fix spurious warning for benign stage 2 teardown race
kvmtool was used to establish an L1 guest with 8 CPUs and 8 GiB of RAM, an
L2 guest with 4 CPUs and 4 GiB of RAM and an L3 guest with 2 CPUs and 2 GiB
of RAM, all of which was then exited.
Under memory pressure in the L0 host warnings were observed due to
migration triggered by compaction:
WARNING: arch/arm64/kvm/mmu.c:336 at __unmap_stage2_range+0x64/0x80,
CPU#5: kcompactd0/66
Which was, in turn, triggered by an MMU notifier for the host invalidation:
mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_start()
-> ... -> kvm_mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_start()
-> kvm_mmu_unmap_gfn_range()
-> kvm_unmap_gfn_range()
-> kvm_nested_s2_unmap()
-> kvm_stage2_unmap_range()
-> __unmap_stage2_range()
-> stage2_apply_range()
<- -EINVAL, triggering a WARN_ON()
Racing with L0's teardown of stage 2 page tables:
exit_mm()
-> mmput()
-> __mmput()
-> exit_mmap()
-> mmu_notifier_release()
-> ... -> kvm_mmu_notifier_release()
-> kvm_flush_shadow_all()
-> kvm_arch_flush_shadow_all()
-> kvm_free_stage2_pgd()
-> [ acquire kvm->mmu_lock for write ]
-> mmu->pgt = NULL [ among other tasks ]
-> [ release kvm->mmu_lock for write ]
It turns out there is a benign race resulting in a spurious warning:
Thread A - notify: migration | Thread B - notify: release
-------------------------------|---------------------------------
< kvm->mmu_lock held > |
stage2_apply_range() |
get mmu->pgt, check !NULL |
... | kvm_arch_flush_shadow_all()
cond_resched_rwlock_write(); | < contend, sleep kvm->mmu_lock >
< drop kvm->mmu_lock > | < acquire kvm->mmu_lock>
| ...
| kvm_free_stage2_pgd()
| mmu->pgt = NULL
| < invalidate MMU >
| ...
| < release kvm->mmu_lock >
[ scheduled ] |
stage2_apply_range() |
< loop to next > |
get, mmu->pgt, check !NULL |
is NULL, return -EINVAL |
__unmap_stage2_range() |
WARN_ON(-EINVAL) <--- entirely spurious - the race was handled
correctly.
Fix the spurious warning by updating stage2_apply_range() to no longer
treat concurrent PGT teardown on lock release as an error - whether the
walker is tearing down page tables or doing something else this is a
legitimate reason to abort the operation without error.
This keeps the warning in place for all other circumstances.
In practice only __unmap_stage2_range() actually does anything with the
error so this only impacts that.
🎖@cveNotify
🚨 CVE-2026-98469
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
KVM: arm64: Fix AArch32 DBGBXVR<n> handling
The consolidation of the breakpoint and watchpoint register accessors
switched DBGBXVR<n> from trap_bvr() to trap_dbg_wb_reg(). The latter
selects backing storage with demux_wb_reg(), which only handles Op2 values
4 through 7. Since DBGBXVR<n> uses Op2 1, an AArch32 guest access hits
KVM_BUG_ON() and marks the VM dead.
DBGBXVR<n> aliases DBGBVR<n>_EL1[63:32], and its AA32(HI) descriptor
already selects the upper half. Map Op2 1 to dbg_bvr[] alongside Op2 4,
restoring the pre-regression behavior.
🎖@cveNotify
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
KVM: arm64: Fix AArch32 DBGBXVR<n> handling
The consolidation of the breakpoint and watchpoint register accessors
switched DBGBXVR<n> from trap_bvr() to trap_dbg_wb_reg(). The latter
selects backing storage with demux_wb_reg(), which only handles Op2 values
4 through 7. Since DBGBXVR<n> uses Op2 1, an AArch32 guest access hits
KVM_BUG_ON() and marks the VM dead.
DBGBXVR<n> aliases DBGBVR<n>_EL1[63:32], and its AA32(HI) descriptor
already selects the upper half. Map Op2 1 to dbg_bvr[] alongside Op2 4,
restoring the pre-regression behavior.
🎖@cveNotify
🚨 CVE-2026-98470
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
KVM: arm64: Don't WARN on an unknown VM ioctl in protected mode
kvm_pkvm_ioctl_allowed() WARNs when kvm_get_cap_for_kvm_ioctl() doesn't
find the ioctl number in vm_ioctl_caps[], and kvm_arch_vm_ioctl() calls
it for every number the generic code doesn't handle, so
ioctl(vm_fd, 0xdeadbeef) from userspace taints a pKVM host and panics it
under panic_on_warn. The lookup is fed userspace input: return false,
and userspace gets the -EINVAL kvm_arch_vm_ioctl() returns for that
number on a host without pKVM.
🎖@cveNotify
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
KVM: arm64: Don't WARN on an unknown VM ioctl in protected mode
kvm_pkvm_ioctl_allowed() WARNs when kvm_get_cap_for_kvm_ioctl() doesn't
find the ioctl number in vm_ioctl_caps[], and kvm_arch_vm_ioctl() calls
it for every number the generic code doesn't handle, so
ioctl(vm_fd, 0xdeadbeef) from userspace taints a pKVM host and panics it
under panic_on_warn. The lookup is fed userspace input: return false,
and userspace gets the -EINVAL kvm_arch_vm_ioctl() returns for that
number on a host without pKVM.
🎖@cveNotify
🚨 CVE-2026-98471
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
KVM: SEV: Do cache maintenance on the source VM during intra-host migration
Manually perform cache maintenance on the source VM during intra-host
migration to ensure no stale data is left in CPU caches after the VM is
destroyed. Because the source VM is "converted" to a non-SEV VM, KVM's
memory reclaim flows won't trigger cache maintenance, e.g. when all guest
memory is reclaimed in response to detaching from the mmu_notifier.
Note, relying on the destination VM to do cache maintenance isn't an option
as KVM doesn't require identical guest memory configurations, i.e. the
source VM may have access to memory that the destination VM does not.
Enforcing equivalent memory configurations is infeasible, as it would
require a *deep* comparison of memslots, e.g. to verify that not only are
the memslot identical, but what the memslots point at is also identical.
🎖@cveNotify
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
KVM: SEV: Do cache maintenance on the source VM during intra-host migration
Manually perform cache maintenance on the source VM during intra-host
migration to ensure no stale data is left in CPU caches after the VM is
destroyed. Because the source VM is "converted" to a non-SEV VM, KVM's
memory reclaim flows won't trigger cache maintenance, e.g. when all guest
memory is reclaimed in response to detaching from the mmu_notifier.
Note, relying on the destination VM to do cache maintenance isn't an option
as KVM doesn't require identical guest memory configurations, i.e. the
source VM may have access to memory that the destination VM does not.
Enforcing equivalent memory configurations is infeasible, as it would
require a *deep* comparison of memslots, e.g. to verify that not only are
the memslot identical, but what the memslots point at is also identical.
🎖@cveNotify
🚨 CVE-2026-98473
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
s390/vfio-ap: fix KVM GISC and page leak when queue removed from host config
Three related problems exist in the handling of KVM interrupt and page
resources when a queue is removed from the host's AP configuration
while assigned to a mediated device (mdev).
Problem 1:
~~~~~~~~~
AP_RESPONSE_Q_NOT_AVAIL not handled in vfio_ap_mdev_reset_queue()
When the AP bus removes a queue device whose adapter or domain has
been removed from the host's AP configuration,
vfio_ap_mdev_remove_queue() is called. If the queue is still in the
host's AP configuration at that point, it calls
vfio_ap_mdev_reset_queue(), which issues a PQAP(ZAPQ). Since the
adapter is already gone from the host configuration, ap_zapq() returns
AP_RESPONSE_Q_NOT_AVAIL (0x01). This response code is not handled in
vfio_ap_mdev_reset_queue()'s switch statement and falls through to
the default case, which issues a WARN but does not call
vfio_ap_free_aqic_resources(). As a result, if IRQ handling was
enabled for the queue by the guest, the KVM GISC registration and
the pinned guest page holding the notification indicator byte (NIB)
are both leaked.
This is fixed by adding AP_RESPONSE_Q_NOT_AVAIL to the same case as
AP_RESPONSE_DECONFIGURED and AP_RESPONSE_CHECKSTOPPED in
vfio_ap_mdev_reset_queue(). Like those response codes, Q_NOT_AVAIL
indicates the queue is not operational and no further reset attempts
are possible; the correct action is to free the IRQ resources
immediately.
Problem 2:
~~~~~~~~~
AP_RESPONSE_Q_NOT_AVAIL not handled in apq_status_check()
In vfio_ap_mdev_reset_queue(), there are four cases that indicate a queue
reset has not yet completed, in which case apq_reset_check() is queued to
a work queue to verify completion of the reset operation. This function
uses the PQAP(TAPQ) function to get the queue's status and calls
apq_status_check() to verify whether the reset has completed, failed or
needs to be executed again. As described in Problem #1 above,
apq_reset_check() does not specifically check for AP_RESPONSE_Q_NOT_AVAIL,
thereby potentially leaking KVM GISC registration and the pinned guest page
holding the NIB.
This is fixed by adding a case statement for AP_RESPONSE_Q_NOT_AVAIL to
apq_status_check() and returning -ENODEV for that case. The caller,
apq_reset_check() will then check for this return code and call
vfio_ap_free_aqic_resources() to prevent the leak.
Problem 3:
~~~~~~~~~
vfio_ap_free_aqic_resources() leaks saved_isc when kvm is NULL
vfio_ap_free_aqic_resources() guards the call to
kvm_s390_gisc_unregister() with:
if (q->saved_isc != VFIO_AP_ISC_INVALID &&
!WARN_ON(!(q->matrix_mdev && q->matrix_mdev->kvm)))
If matrix_mdev->kvm is NULL -- which can happen when
vfio_ap_mdev_unset_kvm() has already run and cleared kvm before a
subsequent cleanup path reaches this function -- the WARN_ON fires
and the entire block is skipped. This leaves q->saved_isc set to a
non-invalid value, creating a potential double-free on any subsequent
call to this function.
When kvm is NULL the KVM guest is already torn down, so
kvm_s390_gisc_unregister() need not and cannot be called; however,
q->saved_isc must always be cleared. Fix this by separating the
kvm_s390_gisc_unregister() call from the q->saved_isc reset. The
WARN_ON now guards only the genuinely impossible case of matrix_mdev
being NULL. A NULL kvm is handled gracefully by skipping only the
unregister call, and q->saved_isc = VFIO_AP_ISC_INVALID is set
unconditionally whenever saved_isc was not already invalid.
Additionally, add an else clause to the host-config check in
vfio_ap_mdev_remove_queue() to call vfio_ap_free_aqic_resources()
directly when the queue is not in the host's AP configuration. This
serves as a backstop: when the AP bus fires the driver .remove
callback after an adapter is removed from the host config, the queue
is by definition no longer addressable, so vfio_ap_mdev_reset_queue
---truncated---
🎖@cveNotify
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
s390/vfio-ap: fix KVM GISC and page leak when queue removed from host config
Three related problems exist in the handling of KVM interrupt and page
resources when a queue is removed from the host's AP configuration
while assigned to a mediated device (mdev).
Problem 1:
~~~~~~~~~
AP_RESPONSE_Q_NOT_AVAIL not handled in vfio_ap_mdev_reset_queue()
When the AP bus removes a queue device whose adapter or domain has
been removed from the host's AP configuration,
vfio_ap_mdev_remove_queue() is called. If the queue is still in the
host's AP configuration at that point, it calls
vfio_ap_mdev_reset_queue(), which issues a PQAP(ZAPQ). Since the
adapter is already gone from the host configuration, ap_zapq() returns
AP_RESPONSE_Q_NOT_AVAIL (0x01). This response code is not handled in
vfio_ap_mdev_reset_queue()'s switch statement and falls through to
the default case, which issues a WARN but does not call
vfio_ap_free_aqic_resources(). As a result, if IRQ handling was
enabled for the queue by the guest, the KVM GISC registration and
the pinned guest page holding the notification indicator byte (NIB)
are both leaked.
This is fixed by adding AP_RESPONSE_Q_NOT_AVAIL to the same case as
AP_RESPONSE_DECONFIGURED and AP_RESPONSE_CHECKSTOPPED in
vfio_ap_mdev_reset_queue(). Like those response codes, Q_NOT_AVAIL
indicates the queue is not operational and no further reset attempts
are possible; the correct action is to free the IRQ resources
immediately.
Problem 2:
~~~~~~~~~
AP_RESPONSE_Q_NOT_AVAIL not handled in apq_status_check()
In vfio_ap_mdev_reset_queue(), there are four cases that indicate a queue
reset has not yet completed, in which case apq_reset_check() is queued to
a work queue to verify completion of the reset operation. This function
uses the PQAP(TAPQ) function to get the queue's status and calls
apq_status_check() to verify whether the reset has completed, failed or
needs to be executed again. As described in Problem #1 above,
apq_reset_check() does not specifically check for AP_RESPONSE_Q_NOT_AVAIL,
thereby potentially leaking KVM GISC registration and the pinned guest page
holding the NIB.
This is fixed by adding a case statement for AP_RESPONSE_Q_NOT_AVAIL to
apq_status_check() and returning -ENODEV for that case. The caller,
apq_reset_check() will then check for this return code and call
vfio_ap_free_aqic_resources() to prevent the leak.
Problem 3:
~~~~~~~~~
vfio_ap_free_aqic_resources() leaks saved_isc when kvm is NULL
vfio_ap_free_aqic_resources() guards the call to
kvm_s390_gisc_unregister() with:
if (q->saved_isc != VFIO_AP_ISC_INVALID &&
!WARN_ON(!(q->matrix_mdev && q->matrix_mdev->kvm)))
If matrix_mdev->kvm is NULL -- which can happen when
vfio_ap_mdev_unset_kvm() has already run and cleared kvm before a
subsequent cleanup path reaches this function -- the WARN_ON fires
and the entire block is skipped. This leaves q->saved_isc set to a
non-invalid value, creating a potential double-free on any subsequent
call to this function.
When kvm is NULL the KVM guest is already torn down, so
kvm_s390_gisc_unregister() need not and cannot be called; however,
q->saved_isc must always be cleared. Fix this by separating the
kvm_s390_gisc_unregister() call from the q->saved_isc reset. The
WARN_ON now guards only the genuinely impossible case of matrix_mdev
being NULL. A NULL kvm is handled gracefully by skipping only the
unregister call, and q->saved_isc = VFIO_AP_ISC_INVALID is set
unconditionally whenever saved_isc was not already invalid.
Additionally, add an else clause to the host-config check in
vfio_ap_mdev_remove_queue() to call vfio_ap_free_aqic_resources()
directly when the queue is not in the host's AP configuration. This
serves as a backstop: when the AP bus fires the driver .remove
callback after an adapter is removed from the host config, the queue
is by definition no longer addressable, so vfio_ap_mdev_reset_queue
---truncated---
🎖@cveNotify
🚨 CVE-2026-98474
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
s390/pci: Fix missing device lock in zpci_report_status()
When pdev is non-NULL, zpci_report_status() accesses the device's driver.
To get a consistent state matching the recovery, the device lock needs to
be held. Do so by expanding the existing device lock critical section.
The lock only needs to be held when the pdev is non-NULL, so extract
the pdev-specific reporting into a helper function which also adds a
lockdep assertion to detect calls without the device lock held.
🎖@cveNotify
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
s390/pci: Fix missing device lock in zpci_report_status()
When pdev is non-NULL, zpci_report_status() accesses the device's driver.
To get a consistent state matching the recovery, the device lock needs to
be held. Do so by expanding the existing device lock critical section.
The lock only needs to be held when the pdev is non-NULL, so extract
the pdev-specific reporting into a helper function which also adds a
lockdep assertion to detect calls without the device lock held.
🎖@cveNotify
🚨 CVE-2026-98475
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
s390/cmf: Fix virtual vs physical address confusion
The measurement block address is an absolute address. Define the
associated schib_config and schib fields as dma64_t to enable automatic
detection of incorrect assignments. Also add the missing virt_to_dma64()
translation.
Without this fix, a wrong address will be used by firmware when storing
extended format channel measurement data on kernels built with
CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_IDENTITY_BASE=y.
🎖@cveNotify
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
s390/cmf: Fix virtual vs physical address confusion
The measurement block address is an absolute address. Define the
associated schib_config and schib fields as dma64_t to enable automatic
detection of incorrect assignments. Also add the missing virt_to_dma64()
translation.
Without this fix, a wrong address will be used by firmware when storing
extended format channel measurement data on kernels built with
CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_IDENTITY_BASE=y.
🎖@cveNotify
🚨 CVE-2026-98476
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
s390/cio: Fix NULL pointer dereference in ccw_device_get_util_str()
The channel path registry entry associated with a CHPID may be removed
while the subchannel's PMCW still references that CHPID. In this case,
chpid_to_chp() can return NULL, leading to a NULL pointer dereference.
Add the missing NULL check before dereferencing the returned pointer.
🎖@cveNotify
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
s390/cio: Fix NULL pointer dereference in ccw_device_get_util_str()
The channel path registry entry associated with a CHPID may be removed
while the subchannel's PMCW still references that CHPID. In this case,
chpid_to_chp() can return NULL, leading to a NULL pointer dereference.
Add the missing NULL check before dereferencing the returned pointer.
🎖@cveNotify
🚨 CVE-2026-98477
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
perf/core: Fix NULL pmu_ctx passed to pmu->sched_task()
perf_pmu_sched_task() returns early when cpuctx->task_ctx is set, and
cpc->task_epc is only non-NULL while a task context is scheduled in on
this CPU. __perf_pmu_sched_task() therefore always passes NULL:
Unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at virtual address 00
pc : armv8pmu_sched_task+0x14/0x50
Call trace:
armv8pmu_sched_task+0x14/0x50 (P)
perf_pmu_sched_task+0xac/0x108
__perf_event_task_sched_out+0x6c/0xe0
Pass &cpc->epc instead, the CPU-wide context for this PMU, which the
function already dereferences a few lines up to find pmu.
armv8pmu_sched_task() is the only in-tree implementation that
dereferences the argument, and it only reads ->pmu, so the oops needs
BRBE, added in v6.17.
🎖@cveNotify
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
perf/core: Fix NULL pmu_ctx passed to pmu->sched_task()
perf_pmu_sched_task() returns early when cpuctx->task_ctx is set, and
cpc->task_epc is only non-NULL while a task context is scheduled in on
this CPU. __perf_pmu_sched_task() therefore always passes NULL:
Unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at virtual address 00
pc : armv8pmu_sched_task+0x14/0x50
Call trace:
armv8pmu_sched_task+0x14/0x50 (P)
perf_pmu_sched_task+0xac/0x108
__perf_event_task_sched_out+0x6c/0xe0
Pass &cpc->epc instead, the CPU-wide context for this PMU, which the
function already dereferences a few lines up to find pmu.
armv8pmu_sched_task() is the only in-tree implementation that
dereferences the argument, and it only reads ->pmu, so the oops needs
BRBE, added in v6.17.
🎖@cveNotify
🚨 CVE-2026-98478
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
scsi: ufs: core: Keep internal commands dispatchable during error handling
Commit 08b12cda6c44 ("scsi: ufs: core: Switch to scsi_get_internal_cmd()")
switched UFS internal commands to allocate requests on
hba->host->pseudo_sdev->request_queue, which shares the host tagset with
regular LUNs.
During error recovery, ufshcd_err_handling_prepare() calls
blk_mq_quiesce_tagset(&hba->host->tag_set), marking all queues in the
tagset as quiesced, including pseudo_sdev->request_queue. When
ufshcd_verify_dev_init() subsequently issues internal commands (e.g. NOP
OUT UPIU) via blk_execute_rq(), blk_mq_run_hw_queue() skips running the
quiesced queue, resulting in an unrecoverable circular wait deadlock.
Keep quiescing the tagset and unquiesce the pseudo SCSI device on top of
that, so internal commands stay dispatchable while the logical units remain
quiesced. Re-quiesce the pseudo device before unquiescing the tagset so
that quiesce_depth stays balanced.
Clock scaling and ufshcd_pause_command_processing() are unaffected: they
keep quiescing the whole tagset, internal commands included.
🎖@cveNotify
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
scsi: ufs: core: Keep internal commands dispatchable during error handling
Commit 08b12cda6c44 ("scsi: ufs: core: Switch to scsi_get_internal_cmd()")
switched UFS internal commands to allocate requests on
hba->host->pseudo_sdev->request_queue, which shares the host tagset with
regular LUNs.
During error recovery, ufshcd_err_handling_prepare() calls
blk_mq_quiesce_tagset(&hba->host->tag_set), marking all queues in the
tagset as quiesced, including pseudo_sdev->request_queue. When
ufshcd_verify_dev_init() subsequently issues internal commands (e.g. NOP
OUT UPIU) via blk_execute_rq(), blk_mq_run_hw_queue() skips running the
quiesced queue, resulting in an unrecoverable circular wait deadlock.
Keep quiescing the tagset and unquiesce the pseudo SCSI device on top of
that, so internal commands stay dispatchable while the logical units remain
quiesced. Re-quiesce the pseudo device before unquiescing the tagset so
that quiesce_depth stays balanced.
Clock scaling and ufshcd_pause_command_processing() are unaffected: they
keep quiescing the whole tagset, internal commands included.
🎖@cveNotify
🚨 CVE-2026-98479
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
scsi: libiscsi_tcp: Check the data direction of a Data-In PDU
The Data-In branch of iscsi_tcp_hdr_dissect() resolves the ITT to a task
and copies the PDU's data segment into that command's scatterlist without
asking whether the command was reading. iscsi_tcp_r2t_rsp() in the same
file does ask, and rejects an R2T for a command that is not DMA_TO_DEVICE.
A target that answers a WRITE command's ITT with a Data-In therefore has
the initiator write target-supplied bytes into the pages that write was
about to send. Those are the caller's own pinned pages for an O_DIRECT
write, and page cache pages for a buffered one.
Observed against a test target that emits one 512-byte Data-In naming a 128
KB write's ITT, after the R2T for that write. With O_DIRECT the caller's
buffer ends up holding 512 bytes of the target's data while pwrite()
returns 131072. Buffered is quieter: pwrite() and fsync() both succeed,
nothing is logged, and reading those blocks back returns the target's bytes
out of the page cache without a command going on the wire.
Check the direction before using the scatterlist, the way the R2T path
already does.
🎖@cveNotify
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
scsi: libiscsi_tcp: Check the data direction of a Data-In PDU
The Data-In branch of iscsi_tcp_hdr_dissect() resolves the ITT to a task
and copies the PDU's data segment into that command's scatterlist without
asking whether the command was reading. iscsi_tcp_r2t_rsp() in the same
file does ask, and rejects an R2T for a command that is not DMA_TO_DEVICE.
A target that answers a WRITE command's ITT with a Data-In therefore has
the initiator write target-supplied bytes into the pages that write was
about to send. Those are the caller's own pinned pages for an O_DIRECT
write, and page cache pages for a buffered one.
Observed against a test target that emits one 512-byte Data-In naming a 128
KB write's ITT, after the R2T for that write. With O_DIRECT the caller's
buffer ends up holding 512 bytes of the target's data while pwrite()
returns 131072. Buffered is quieter: pwrite() and fsync() both succeed,
nothing is logged, and reading those blocks back returns the target's bytes
out of the page cache without a command going on the wire.
Check the direction before using the scatterlist, the way the R2T path
already does.
🎖@cveNotify
🚨 CVE-2026-98480
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
nfc: trf7970a: power down on startup RX gain failure
trf7970a_startup() powers up the device before applying the optional RX
gain reduction. If the register read or write fails, it returns without
undoing that power-up. Probe's unwind only drops the separate regulator
references acquired by probe, leaving the additional VIN enable from
startup unbalanced. The system resume caller also has no power-down on
this error.
Call trf7970a_power_down() before returning the RX gain error to deassert
the enable GPIOs, release the startup VIN reference and restore the
powered-off state. Runtime PM has not been enabled yet, so the full
shutdown helper is not appropriate here. Preserve the original SPI error.
This issue was identified during our ongoing static-analysis research while
reviewing kernel code.
🎖@cveNotify
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
nfc: trf7970a: power down on startup RX gain failure
trf7970a_startup() powers up the device before applying the optional RX
gain reduction. If the register read or write fails, it returns without
undoing that power-up. Probe's unwind only drops the separate regulator
references acquired by probe, leaving the additional VIN enable from
startup unbalanced. The system resume caller also has no power-down on
this error.
Call trf7970a_power_down() before returning the RX gain error to deassert
the enable GPIOs, release the startup VIN reference and restore the
powered-off state. Runtime PM has not been enabled yet, so the full
shutdown helper is not appropriate here. Preserve the original SPI error.
This issue was identified during our ongoing static-analysis research while
reviewing kernel code.
🎖@cveNotify