🚨 CVE-2021-47635
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

ubifs: Fix to add refcount once page is set private

MM defined the rule [1] very clearly that once page was set with PG_private
flag, we should increment the refcount in that page, also main flows like
pageout(), migrate_page() will assume there is one additional page
reference count if page_has_private() returns true. Otherwise, we may
get a BUG in page migration:

page:0000000080d05b9d refcount:-1 mapcount:0 mapping:000000005f4d82a8
index:0xe2 pfn:0x14c12
aops:ubifs_file_address_operations [ubifs] ino:8f1 dentry name:"f30e"
flags: 0x1fffff80002405(locked|uptodate|owner_priv_1|private|node=0|
zone=1|lastcpupid=0x1fffff)
page dumped because: VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(page_count(page) != 0)
------------[ cut here ]------------
kernel BUG at include/linux/page_ref.h:184!
invalid opcode: 0000 [#1] SMP
CPU: 3 PID: 38 Comm: kcompactd0 Not tainted 5.15.0-rc5
RIP: 0010:migrate_page_move_mapping+0xac3/0xe70
Call Trace:
ubifs_migrate_page+0x22/0xc0 [ubifs]
move_to_new_page+0xb4/0x600
migrate_pages+0x1523/0x1cc0
compact_zone+0x8c5/0x14b0
kcompactd+0x2bc/0x560
kthread+0x18c/0x1e0
ret_from_fork+0x1f/0x30

Before the time, we should make clean a concept, what does refcount means
in page gotten from grab_cache_page_write_begin(). There are 2 situations:
Situation 1: refcount is 3, page is created by __page_cache_alloc.
TYPE_A - the write process is using this page
TYPE_B - page is assigned to one certain mapping by calling
__add_to_page_cache_locked()
TYPE_C - page is added into pagevec list corresponding current cpu by
calling lru_cache_add()
Situation 2: refcount is 2, page is gotten from the mapping's tree
TYPE_B - page has been assigned to one certain mapping
TYPE_A - the write process is using this page (by calling
page_cache_get_speculative())
Filesystem releases one refcount by calling put_page() in xxx_write_end(),
the released refcount corresponds to TYPE_A (write task is using it). If
there are any processes using a page, page migration process will skip the
page by judging whether expected_page_refs() equals to page refcount.

The BUG is caused by following process:
PA(cpu 0) kcompactd(cpu 1)
compact_zone
ubifs_write_begin
page_a = grab_cache_page_write_begin
add_to_page_cache_lru
lru_cache_add
pagevec_add // put page into cpu 0's pagevec
(refcnf = 3, for page creation process)
ubifs_write_end
SetPagePrivate(page_a) // doesn't increase page count !
unlock_page(page_a)
put_page(page_a) // refcnt = 2
[...]

PB(cpu 0)
filemap_read
filemap_get_pages
add_to_page_cache_lru
lru_cache_add
__pagevec_lru_add // traverse all pages in cpu 0's pagevec
__pagevec_lru_add_fn
SetPageLRU(page_a)
isolate_migratepages
isolate_migratepages_block
get_page_unless_zero(page_a)
// refcnt = 3
list_add(page_a, from_list)
migrate_pages(from_list)
__unmap_and_move
move_to_new_page
ubifs_migrate_page(page_a)
migrate_page_move_mapping
expected_page_refs get 3
(migration[1] + mapping[1] + private[1])
release_pages
put_page_testzero(page_a) // refcnt = 3
page_ref_freeze // refcnt = 0
page_ref_dec_and_test(0 - 1 = -1)
page_ref_unfreeze
VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(-1 != 0, page)

UBIFS doesn't increase the page refcount after setting private flag, which
leads to page migration task believes the page is not used by any other
processes, so the page is migrated. This causes concurrent accessing on
page refcount between put_page() called by other process(eg. read process
calls lru_cache_add) and page_ref_unfreeze() called by mi
---truncated---

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🚨 CVE-2021-47642
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

video: fbdev: nvidiafb: Use strscpy() to prevent buffer overflow

Coverity complains of a possible buffer overflow. However,
given the 'static' scope of nvidia_setup_i2c_bus() it looks
like that can't happen after examiniing the call sites.

CID 19036 (#1 of 1): Copy into fixed size buffer (STRING_OVERFLOW)
1. fixed_size_dest: You might overrun the 48-character fixed-size string
chan->adapter.name by copying name without checking the length.
2. parameter_as_source: Note: This defect has an elevated risk because the
source argument is a parameter of the current function.
89 strcpy(chan->adapter.name, name);

Fix this warning by using strscpy() which will silence the warning and
prevent any future buffer overflows should the names used to identify the
channel become much longer.

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🚨 CVE-2021-47643
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

media: ir_toy: free before error exiting

Fix leak in error path.

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🚨 CVE-2021-47383
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

tty: Fix out-of-bound vmalloc access in imageblit

This issue happens when a userspace program does an ioctl
FBIOPUT_VSCREENINFO passing the fb_var_screeninfo struct
containing only the fields xres, yres, and bits_per_pixel
with values.

If this struct is the same as the previous ioctl, the
vc_resize() detects it and doesn't call the resize_screen(),
leaving the fb_var_screeninfo incomplete. And this leads to
the updatescrollmode() calculates a wrong value to
fbcon_display->vrows, which makes the real_y() return a
wrong value of y, and that value, eventually, causes
the imageblit to access an out-of-bound address value.

To solve this issue I made the resize_screen() be called
even if the screen does not need any resizing, so it will
"fix and fill" the fb_var_screeninfo independently.

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🚨 CVE-2021-47391
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

RDMA/cma: Ensure rdma_addr_cancel() happens before issuing more requests

The FSM can run in a circle allowing rdma_resolve_ip() to be called twice
on the same id_priv. While this cannot happen without going through the
work, it violates the invariant that the same address resolution
background request cannot be active twice.

CPU 1 CPU 2

rdma_resolve_addr():
RDMA_CM_IDLE -> RDMA_CM_ADDR_QUERY
rdma_resolve_ip(addr_handler) #1

process_one_req(): for #1
addr_handler():
RDMA_CM_ADDR_QUERY -> RDMA_CM_ADDR_BOUND
mutex_unlock(&id_priv->handler_mutex);
[.. handler still running ..]

rdma_resolve_addr():
RDMA_CM_ADDR_BOUND -> RDMA_CM_ADDR_QUERY
rdma_resolve_ip(addr_handler)
!! two requests are now on the req_list

rdma_destroy_id():
destroy_id_handler_unlock():
_destroy_id():
cma_cancel_operation():
rdma_addr_cancel()

// process_one_req() self removes it
spin_lock_bh(&lock);
cancel_delayed_work(&req->work);
if (!list_empty(&req->list)) == true

! rdma_addr_cancel() returns after process_on_req #1 is done

kfree(id_priv)

process_one_req(): for #2
addr_handler():
mutex_lock(&id_priv->handler_mutex);
!! Use after free on id_priv

rdma_addr_cancel() expects there to be one req on the list and only
cancels the first one. The self-removal behavior of the work only happens
after the handler has returned. This yields a situations where the
req_list can have two reqs for the same "handle" but rdma_addr_cancel()
only cancels the first one.

The second req remains active beyond rdma_destroy_id() and will
use-after-free id_priv once it inevitably triggers.

Fix this by remembering if the id_priv has called rdma_resolve_ip() and
always cancel before calling it again. This ensures the req_list never
gets more than one item in it and doesn't cost anything in the normal flow
that never uses this strange error path.

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🚨 CVE-2021-47392
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

RDMA/cma: Fix listener leak in rdma_cma_listen_on_all() failure

If cma_listen_on_all() fails it leaves the per-device ID still on the
listen_list but the state is not set to RDMA_CM_ADDR_BOUND.

When the cmid is eventually destroyed cma_cancel_listens() is not called
due to the wrong state, however the per-device IDs are still holding the
refcount preventing the ID from being destroyed, thus deadlocking:

task:rping state:D stack: 0 pid:19605 ppid: 47036 flags:0x00000084
Call Trace:
__schedule+0x29a/0x780
? free_unref_page_commit+0x9b/0x110
schedule+0x3c/0xa0
schedule_timeout+0x215/0x2b0
? __flush_work+0x19e/0x1e0
wait_for_completion+0x8d/0xf0
_destroy_id+0x144/0x210 [rdma_cm]
ucma_close_id+0x2b/0x40 [rdma_ucm]
__destroy_id+0x93/0x2c0 [rdma_ucm]
? __xa_erase+0x4a/0xa0
ucma_destroy_id+0x9a/0x120 [rdma_ucm]
ucma_write+0xb8/0x130 [rdma_ucm]
vfs_write+0xb4/0x250
ksys_write+0xb5/0xd0
? syscall_trace_enter.isra.19+0x123/0x190
do_syscall_64+0x33/0x40
entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x44/0xa9

Ensure that cma_listen_on_all() atomically unwinds its action under the
lock during error.

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🚨 CVE-2024-56552
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

drm/xe/guc_submit: fix race around suspend_pending

Currently in some testcases we can trigger:

xe 0000:03:00.0: [drm] Assertion `exec_queue_destroyed(q)` failed!
....
WARNING: CPU: 18 PID: 2640 at drivers/gpu/drm/xe/xe_guc_submit.c:1826 xe_guc_sched_done_handler+0xa54/0xef0 [xe]
xe 0000:03:00.0: [drm] *ERROR* GT1: DEREGISTER_DONE: Unexpected engine state 0x00a1, guc_id=57

Looking at a snippet of corresponding ftrace for this GuC id we can see:

162.673311: xe_sched_msg_add: dev=0000:03:00.0, gt=1 guc_id=57, opcode=3
162.673317: xe_sched_msg_recv: dev=0000:03:00.0, gt=1 guc_id=57, opcode=3
162.673319: xe_exec_queue_scheduling_disable: dev=0000:03:00.0, 1:0x2, gt=1, width=1, guc_id=57, guc_state=0x29, flags=0x0
162.674089: xe_exec_queue_kill: dev=0000:03:00.0, 1:0x2, gt=1, width=1, guc_id=57, guc_state=0x29, flags=0x0
162.674108: xe_exec_queue_close: dev=0000:03:00.0, 1:0x2, gt=1, width=1, guc_id=57, guc_state=0xa9, flags=0x0
162.674488: xe_exec_queue_scheduling_done: dev=0000:03:00.0, 1:0x2, gt=1, width=1, guc_id=57, guc_state=0xa9, flags=0x0
162.678452: xe_exec_queue_deregister: dev=0000:03:00.0, 1:0x2, gt=1, width=1, guc_id=57, guc_state=0xa1, flags=0x0

It looks like we try to suspend the queue (opcode=3), setting
suspend_pending and triggering a disable_scheduling. The user then
closes the queue. However the close will also forcefully signal the
suspend fence after killing the queue, later when the G2H response for
disable_scheduling comes back we have now cleared suspend_pending when
signalling the suspend fence, so the disable_scheduling now incorrectly
tries to also deregister the queue. This leads to warnings since the queue
has yet to even be marked for destruction. We also seem to trigger
errors later with trying to double unregister the same queue.

To fix this tweak the ordering when handling the response to ensure we
don't race with a disable_scheduling that didn't actually intend to
perform an unregister. The destruction path should now also correctly
wait for any pending_disable before marking as destroyed.

(cherry picked from commit f161809b362f027b6d72bd998e47f8f0bad60a2e)

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🚨 CVE-2024-56563
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

ceph: fix cred leak in ceph_mds_check_access()

get_current_cred() increments the reference counter, but the
put_cred() call was missing.

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🚨 CVE-2025-9254
WebITR developed by Uniong has a Missing Authentication vulnerability, allowing unauthenticated remote attackers to log into the system as arbitrary users by exploiting a specific functionality.

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🚨 CVE-2025-9255
WebITR developed by Uniong has a SQL Injection vulnerability, allowing unauthenticated remote attackers to inject arbitrary SQL commands to read database contents.

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🚨 CVE-2025-9256
WebITR developed by Uniong has an Arbitrary File Reading vulnerability, allowing remote attackers with regular privileges to exploit Absolute Path Traversal to download arbitrary system files.

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🚨 CVE-2025-9257
WebITR developed by Uniong has an Arbitrary File Reading vulnerability, allowing remote attackers with regular privileges to exploit Absolute Path Traversal to download arbitrary system files.

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🚨 CVE-2025-56311
In Shenzhen C-Data Technology Co. FD602GW-DX-R410 (firmware v2.2.14), the web management interface contains an authenticated CSRF vulnerability on the reboot endpoint (/boaform/admin/formReboot). An attacker can craft a malicious webpage that, when visited by an authenticated administrator, causes the router to reboot without explicit user consent. This lack of CSRF protection on a sensitive administrative function can lead to denial of service by disrupting network availability.

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🚨 CVE-2025-58354
Kata Containers is an open source project focusing on a standard implementation of lightweight Virtual Machines (VMs) that perform like containers. In Kata Containers versions from 3.20.0 and before, a malicious host can circumvent initdata verification. On TDX systems running confidential guests, a malicious host can selectively fail IO operations to skip initdata verification. This allows an attacker to launch arbitrary workloads while being able to attest successfully to Trustee impersonating any benign workload. This issue has been patched in Kata Containers version 3.21.0.

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🚨 CVE-2025-59826
Flag Forge is a Capture The Flag (CTF) platform. In version 2.1.0, non-admin users can create arbitrary challenges, potentially introducing malicious, incorrect, or misleading content. This issue has been patched in version 2.2.0.

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🚨 CVE-2023-31342
Improper input validation in the SMM handler may allow a privileged attacker to overwrite SMRAM, potentially leading to arbitrary code execution.

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🚨 CVE-2023-31343
Improper input validation in the SMM handler may allow a privileged attacker to overwrite SMRAM, potentially leading to arbitrary code execution.

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🚨 CVE-2023-31345
Improper input validation in the SMM handler may allow a privileged attacker to overwrite SMRAM, potentially leading to arbitrary code execution.

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🚨 CVE-2024-21971
Improper input validation in AMD Crash Defender could allow an attacker to provide the Windows® system process ID to a kernel-mode driver, resulting in an operating system crash, potentially leading to denial of service.

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🚨 CVE-2025-9566
There's a vulnerability in podman where an attacker may use the kube play command to overwrite host files when the kube file container a Secrete or a ConfigMap volume mount and such volume contains a symbolic link to a host file path. In a successful attack, the attacker can only control the target file to be overwritten but not the content to be written into the file.

Binary-Affected: podman
Upstream-version-introduced: v4.0.0
Upstream-version-fixed: v5.6.1

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🚨 CVE-2024-21947
Improper input validation in the system management mode (SMM) could allow a privileged attacker to overwrite arbitrary memory potentially resulting in arbitrary code execution at the SMM level.

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