30 September Saturday
Jal Itihas💧

This module provides information about 75 selected Indian water heritage sites older than 100 years. Photographs and videos along with other salient features for these water heritage sites has also been provided. This data has been made available by National Water Mission.

Interesting Facts about Earth.🌏

I) The Presence of inner Nickel-Iron core, Earth has a strong magnetic field. This magnetic field is also responsible for preventing heavy✨ solar winds from blowing on the Earth and causing damage to various life forms💨

II) The thickest of all the four layers of the earth is the mantle, which is 2900 kilometers thick. This layer has a consistency of caramel and is composed of a hot mixture of molten rock.🌍

III) The thinnest of all the layers is the crust, which is on an average 30 kilometers deep on an average on the ground.

IV) Earth also has the largest natural satellite as compared to any other planet considering the size of Earth and the moon (the Moon is approximately 27% the size of the Earth.🌙

V) Airplanes fly at a maximum altitude of 60,000 feet which is almost 18.288 km✈️

VI) Light from the Sun reaches the Earth in approximately 8 minutes and 20 seconds.🌞

VII) Wettest place :- Mawsynram in Meghalaya, India is the wettest place on land on Earth. It receives an average annual rainfall of 11,871 mm. This place is just 10 miles away from the town of Cherrapunji (another record holder for the wettest month and year ever.)🇮🇳

VIII) Driest place :- Dry Valleys in Antarctica is the driest place on Earth. This place has seen no rainfall for the past 2 million years. This is a 4800 square kilometer region with no ice, snow or water.🗻

IX) Flattest country: the Maldives is the flattest country in the world with an average highest above sea level of 2.4m🇲🇻

X) The deepest known place :- “Challenger deep” – near a trench called the “Mariana Trench” beneath the surface of the Pacific Ocean to the southeast of Japan — is the deepest known place on Earth. This trench is nearly seven miles deep.🌊

🌳🌳Mangrove is a tropical tree, essentially adapted to thrive near the coastline, in brackish water and loose and wet soil. These trees cannot survive in colder temperatures.
● A characteristic feature of mangroves is their tangled prop roots. These roots allow the trees to survive the daily tides and also capture sediments while slowing waterflow.
● Mangroves serve a multitude of purposes in their ecosystem, including coastal protection, filtration of water, and disaster risk reduction.
● Mangrove forests stabilize coastlines, reduce erosion, encourage biodiversity growth, and shield coastal communities from sea-level rise, and natural disasters like hurricanes and cyclones.

Carbon sinks:
● Mangroves are one of the most carbon-rich forests of the tropics, storing carbon from the atmosphere at up to four times the rate of terrestrial forests. This makes mangrove forests an indispensable tool in achieving the goal of net zero carbon emissions by 2050.
● Part of this carbon is stored in living biomass, while part of it is sequestered in the soil. Dead mangroves decompose very slowly due to waterlogging in the soil, making the accumulation of carbon in the soil last hundreds of years. The waterlogged soil is also a reason why mangroves hold more carbon than other forests, such as temperate or boreal ones.

Ecosystems:
● Mangroves usually do not exist in isolation but support interconnected terrestrial, freshwater, and marine habitats.
● The roots of mangrove trees capture sediments, resulting in the formation of new, fertile lands. This process also ensures that offshore water is clearer, allowing marine life to thrive.


Disaster risk reduction:
● Not only do mangroves stabilise coastlines by holding sediments together but they also act as safety nets against storms and surges.
● In tropical coastal areas, mangroves are the first line of defence against natural disasters
like cyclones and hurricanes that originate in seas and oceans and impact land.
● Mangrove trees act as a buffer zone and arrest winds, slowing them down and hence minimising impact on land.
● The 2022 State of World’s Mangroves Report, prepared by the Global Mangrove Alliance, finds that mangroves prevent more than $65 billion in property damages and reduce flood risk to some 15 million people every year.

Socio-economic importance of mangroves:
● They also support a rich food web, with molluscs and algae-filled substrate acting as a breeding ground for small fish, mud crabs and shrimps, thus providing a livelihood to local artisanal fishers.
● Mangroves are also important resources for timber and fuelwood, when collected sustainably.

Current state of the mangroves
● South Asia houses some of the most extensive areas of mangroves globally, while Indonesia
hosts one-fifth of the overall amount.
● India holds around 3 percent of South Asia’s mangrove population. West Bengal has the highest percentage of mangrove cover in India. It is followed by Gujarat and Andaman, and Nicobar islands. Maharashtra, Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Goa and Kerala too have mangrove cover.

Threat to mangroves
● Agriculture, overfishing, and rapid urbanisation are some of the glaring threats to mangrove forests around the world.
● Indirect threats to mangroves include change in sedimentation rates and patterns, rising sea levels, and increase in pollutants, and these are often exacerbated by human actions.

Cyber ethics📠

1. Obeying the law: Users of the internet must abide by the law of the land and not use internet for illegal activities such as hacking, defrauding, stalking, harassing etc.

2. Intellectual property rights: Content created online is often protected by copyrights which must be respected by other users. This is essential for innovation and authenticity on the web.

3. Privacy: Despite availability of modern technology like mass surveillance, spyware etc. users must respect each other’s privacy and dignity. Informed consent must be taken from users before their private information is obtained by online platforms.

4. Free and open internet: Governments, service providers and other stakeholders must ensure that internet remains open for all and free from any barriers. The recent demands for net neutrality aim to uphold this ethic of cyberspace.

5. Respect: Users are expected to show basic respect and courtesy in their behaviour online so as to provide a healthy and stable environment to all. Recent problems of trolling, abusing, shaming etc. highlight the importance of this ethic.

6. Public decency: Since internet is a public platform, users must ensure that their content is decent and appropriate for all audience including children. Offensive content like pornography, brutality must be avoided.

7. Honesty: In the age of social media, users apart from platforms can also create content of their own. Both user as well as platforms must create and share only true, complete and accurate information. Violation of this norm leads to the menace of fake news, rumour mongering etc. which ultimately goes on to undermine people’s faith in internet.

Administrative ethics🏢

1. Transparency: Administration must not only adhere to transparency laws but must also voluntarily disclose all information to the public so that corruption and mala fide decisions are prevented and public knows the true picture of the government. Woodrow Wilson rightly said ‘corruption thrives in secret places, and avoids public places.’

2. Integrity: Integrity is often called the value of values. It demands that administrators must strongly and uncompromisingly uphold the values of civil service. It is said that if integrity is there, nothing else matters…if integrity is not there, nothing else matters.
Civil servants like Ashok Khemka, Sanjiv Chaturvedi are shining examples of integrity and inspire present and future civil servants.

3. Objectivity: Civil servants must take decisions in an objective manner based only on facts and logic without the undue influence of bias or prejudice. For example, a civil servant’s advice to politicians should not be based on personal beliefs but facts of the matter.

4. Compassion: In an underdeveloped country with widespread poverty and hunger, civil servants must show compassion towards the weaker sections in order to fulfil their needs. For instance, if a needy beneficiary under a scheme does not have valid documents, an officer should not simply reject the application but make efforts to get him necessary documents and provide him due benefits.

5. Dedication to public service: Governance in a democracy involves many challenges and pressures and hence, requires utmost dedication on the part of civil servants so that they can strive to serve the people despite the challenges. Such dedication ensures that civil servants remain motivated throughout their long careers. Recent UN Award for community policing to Bastar police shows the dedication of the police department of the district.

6. Impartiality: Civil servants should treat everyone equally regardless of their religion, class, caste etc. This is essential for rule of law and maintains people’s faith in democracy. Article 14 and 15 of the Indian Constitution establish the right to equality for all citizens of India.

1. His name wasn’t Mahatma
Gandhi’s first name was Mohandas. ‘Mahatma’ is a title denoting love and respect, which roughly translates as ‘great soul’. It’s thought that a friend of his, Pranjivan Mehta, was the first to refer to Gandhi as ‘Mahatma’ in writing, in a letter from 1909. That was decades before he became a figure of global renown.

2. He got married at thirteen
In 1883, thirteen-year-old Gandhi tied the knot with fourteen-year-old Kasturbai Kapadia in an arranged marriage. ‘As we didn't know much about marriage, for us it meant only wearing new clothes, eating sweets and playing with relatives,’ Gandhi later recalled. He fathered his first child aged just sixteen, but the baby only lived a few days. The couple went on to have four more children who survived to adulthood.

3. He was in London at the time of Jack the Ripper
Gandhi is so bound up with the titanic events of the 20th century that it might be peculiar to imagine him as a dapper gentleman of Victorian society. But that’s exactly what he became while studying law in London. Arriving in September 1888 – right in the midst of the Jack the Ripper killings – he was keen to mingle and make friends in the city. As well as taking dancing lessons, he joined the Vegetarian Society and served on the executive committee with a certain Arnold Hills – the man who went on to found the football club that became West Ham United.

4. He suffered from stage fright
Gandhi was incredibly meek and shy by nature. During one debate at the London Vegetarian Society, he felt such stage fright that somebody else had to read out his arguments on his behalf. It was a serious stumbling block for his burgeoning career as a barrister. The first time he tried to cross-examine a witness, he got so nervous that he flopped back into his chair and simply gave up the case, returning his fee to his (presumably disgruntled) client.

5. He first became a civil rights activist in South Africa
Gandhi is synonymous with the struggle for Indian independence, but he first became a civil rights crusader in South Africa. Arriving in 1893 to work as a law clerk at an Indian firm, he experienced such everyday racism – including being ejected from a first-class train carriage despite having a ticket – that he decided to fight what he called ‘the deep disease of colour prejudice’. He founded an organisation to tackle discrimination and was once attacked and nearly killed by a white mob in Durban.

6. He helped the British Empire
Despite his disaffection with racist colonialist attitudes, the young Gandhi also felt patriotic towards the British Empire. During the Boer War of 1899-1902, he took it upon himself to form the Natal Indian Ambulance Corps, gathering hundreds of volunteers to whisk wounded British troops from the front lines to field hospitals.

‘I felt that, if I demanded rights as a British citizen, it was also my duty, as such, to participate in the defence of the British Empire,’ Gandhi later said.

7. He carefully cultivated his image
Wearing his now-iconic white loin cloth and shawl wasn’t simply a matter of Indian tradition for Gandhi. It was a political move, which he very deliberately adopted on 22nd September 1921. It was part of his push to encourage Indians to boycott foreign-made clothes and embrace homegrown, hand-spun fabric known as khadi. The move utterly reinvented Gandhi’s image for all time.

8. He was pals with Tolstoy
Gandhi had an important friendship with the great Russian novelist Leo Tolstoy, author of War and Peace. Tolstoy’s writings about non-violent resistance were such a huge influence on Gandhi that, in 1909, he wrote to Tolstoy seeking guidance and advice. This led to the two men sending letters back and forth, philosophising about the principles of non-violence. It’s generally thought that Tolstoy’s final letter to Gandhi was the very last thing he ever wrote.

9. Gandhi came back to London (and stayed in the East End)
In 1931, Gandhi returned to London for three months of talks with UK politicians about constitutional reforms in India. Although the government invited him to stay in a plush West End hotel, Gandhi instead opted to bed down in a community centre in working-class Bromley-by-Bow. He enjoyed long walks in the East End, mingled with locals, hosted famous well-wishers including Charlie Chaplin, and according to one onlooker ‘always enjoyed the swift repartee of Cockney wit’.

10. He never won the Nobel Peace Prize
Gandhi was first shortlisted for the Nobel Peace Prize in 1937, but the Nobel committee’s advisor was sceptical, saying that even though Gandhi was non-violent, his Indian nationalist beliefs spurred violence among followers. Gandhi was shortlisted a second time in 1947, but again he was rejected for his nationalism. He was killed in 1948, and – significantly – no Nobel Peace Prize was awarded that year.

11. Gandhi was shot by a fellow Hindu
Gandhi was assassinated as his country grappled with the bloody aftermath of Partition (when India and Pakistan formed separate nations). But it was a fellow Hindu, rather than a Muslim, who murdered the father of the nation. Nathuram Godse, a Hindu nationalist, was incensed that Gandhi was ‘too soft’ on Pakistan, and – following several failed attempts – fatally shot Gandhi on 30th January 1948.

Answer:-One only

About Five Eyes Alliance:
Five Eyes Alliance: The Five Eyes Alliance refers to an intelligence-sharing partnership among five countries: the United States🇺🇸, the United Kingdom🇬🇧, Australia, Canada🇨🇦, and New Zealand🇳🇿.
These nations collaborate closely on intelligence matters, sharing information to protect their shared national interests.
Origins of the Alliance: The alliance traces its origins back to World War II when the UK and the US decided to share intelligence after successfully breaking German and Japanese codes.
It began as the Britain-USA (BRUSA) agreement, later evolving into the UK-USA (UKUSA) agreement, with Canada joining in 1949 and New Zealand and Australia in 1956.

Zealandia is sometimes called Earth's eighth continent. It stretches over 1.9 million square miles — about half the size of Australia.
Scientists recently discovered a new continent that had been missing from our knowledge for 375 years. This continent, called Zealandia, is mostly underwater but consists of a group of islands, similar to New Zealand
. Zealandia was originally part of the ancient supercontinent Gondwana which existed about 1 billion to 542 million years ago.

🎯Nobel Prize 2023 Winner In Physics
Pierre Agostini 🇺🇸(USA), Ferenc Krausz 🇩🇪(GER), and Anne L’Huillier 🇸🇪 (Sweden) have been honored with the Nobel Prize 2023 in Physics on 3 October 2023. Their experimental techniques that generated attosecond pulses of light for the research of electron dynamics in matter have made them grasp the Nobel Prize.

🎯Nobel Prize 2023 Winner In Medicine or Physiology
Katalin Karikó 🇭🇺(Hungary) and Drew Weissman 🇺🇸(USA) have been honored with the 2023 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their pivotal discoveries related to nucleoside base modifications. These discoveries played a vital role in the development of highly effective mRNA vaccines against COVID-19. Their groundbreaking research significantly influenced our comprehension of how mRNA engages with our immune system. Their work was instrumental in the remarkable speed at which vaccines were created to combat one of the most significant health crises in recent history, the COVID-19 pandemic.

🎯What is Tetra pod ?
Tetra pod in Greek means four-legged.
These are four-legged concrete structures that are placed along coastlines to prevent erosion and water damage.
Tetrapods were first used in🇫🇷 France in the late 1940s to protect the shore from the sea.
They are typically placed together to form an interlocking but porous barrier that dissipates the power of waves and currents.
These are large structures, sometimes weighing up to 10 tonnes, and interlocked tetra pods act as a barrier that remains stable against the rocks when buffeted by waves.
For the First time Tetra pods were used in India🇮🇳  along Marine Drive in the late 1990s to break and dissipate waves and maintain the reclaimed shoreline in South Mumbai

🤖Using A.I in Audit Techniques
*Comptroller and Auditor General of india(CAG)Girish Chandra Murm.Perspective on AI in Auditing AI in the Auditing Domain Significance: CAG conducts various types of audits, including financial, compliance, and performance audits.
🎯Challenges:
Ensuring AI-induced auditing remains transparent, objective, fair, and unbiased.
🎯Responsible:
Ensuring no bias,not to be  manipulated by the bigger group for there benefits,Accurate and appropriate data for the user.

🧪Nobel Prize For Chemistry 2023.
Moungi Gabriel Bawendi🇫🇷,Louis E. Brus 🇺🇸 & Alexey Ekimov 🇷🇺  for  Chemistry  discovering  and development of quantum dots, nanoparticles so tiny that their size determines their properties.
🎯 These particles have unique properties and now spread their light from television screens and LED lamps. They catalyse chemical reactions and their clear light can illuminate tumour tissue for a surgeon

🛳What is PMI
• The S&P Global India Manufacturing Purchasing
Managers’ Index measures the performance of
the manufacturing sector and is derived from a
survey of 500 manufacturing companies.
🎯The PMI is a number from 0 to 100.
A print above 50 means expansion, while a score below that denotes contraction.
A reading at 50 indicates no change. If the PMI of the previous month is higher than the PMI of the current month, it represents that the economy is contracting.
following weights:
• New Orders (30 percent),
• Output (25 percent),
• Employment (20 percent),
• Suppliers’ Delivery Times (15 percent) and
• Stock of Items Purchased (10 percent)

🎯Nobel Prize For Literature 2023
The 2023 Nobel Prize in Literature is being awarded to Norwegian author 🇳🇴 Jon Fosse “for his innovative plays and prose which give voice to the unsayable”, the Royal Swedish Academy announced.

🎯Asian Games 2023
Javelin Throw Final:-Neeraj Chopra defended his Asian Games 🥇gold medal with a best throw of 88.88m while Kishore Jena won 🥈silver.

🏹women's teamArchery make it a hat-trick of gold for India🥇🥇🥇.
🎯 Indian players Jyothi Surekha Vennam, Aditi Swami and Parneet Kaur.: Indian archers sweep all three gold medals.
🎯Dipika Pallikal and Harinder Pal Sandhu won the maiden squash mixed doubles gold medal at the Asian Games 2023

🛳Green Shipping
*when people or goods are transported through ships using minimum resources and energy as possible, to protect the environment from the pollutants generated by the ships.

*The maritime sector emits 940 million tonnes of CO2 and contributes 2.5% of all greenhouse gas emissions, according to the European Commission.

*Ships now use heavy fuel oil which is a filtrate from crude oil distillation. Crude oil contains sulfur, and when being transported, ships release this gas.

🎯The International Maritime Organisation (IMO) has taken a strong stand against these sulfur emissions and has issued the requirement IMO Sulphur 2020.
To this requirement, all ships must switch to an alternative fuel oil that emits less than 0.50% sulfur into the atmosphere from the 1st of January 2020.This can result in a 77% decrease in the ships’ SOx emissions

🎯LNG as an alternative fuel
Liquified Natural Gas is an alternative fuel option for ships. But this alternative raises many safety issues.
Using LNG as a fuel will reduce CO2 by 20%, along with considerably reducing (Sulfur oxide) SOx and(Nitrogen Oxides)NOx.

🌱The National Green Tribunal (NGT) is a statutory body established in 2010 under the National Green Tribunal Act 2010.
●  It is a specialized body equipped with the necessary expertise to handle environmental disputes involving multi-disciplinary issues.
●  The Tribunal shall not be bound by the procedure laid down under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, but shall be guided by principles of natural justice.
●  The Tribunal is vested with the powers of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure for discharging its functions but it can make its own rules.
●  It provides speedy environmental justice and helps reduce the burden of litigation in the higher courts.

NGT Are decisions of the Court binding?
● decisions of the Tribunal are binding. The Tribunal’s orders are enforceable as the powers vested are the same as in a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908.  

Are decisions of the Tribunal final?
● The Tribunal has powers to review its own decisions. If this fails, the decision can be challenged before the Supreme Court within ninety days.

🎯Nobel Prize for Peace 2023
Iranian activist 'Narges Mohammadi' 🇮🇷for “her fight against the oppression of women in Iran and her fight to promote human rights and freedom for all.

🇮🇳Civilian Awards of India
🎯1.Bharat Ratna- 1st degree of honour.🎖
Bharat Ratna is the highest Civilian Award in India. This award is conferred for achievements in the field of Science, Literature, Arts and Public Services. In 2013, sports were also included in this award category.

🎯2.Padma Vibhushan- 2nd degree of honour.🎖
Padma Vibushan is the Second-highest civilian award in India. This is conferred to people with distinguished achievements in the field of Arts, Literature, Science, Public Services.

🎯3.Padma Bhushan- 3rd degree of honour.🎖
This is the Third-highest civilian award in India and is conferred to people with achievements for service in any field including service rendered by Government servants including doctors and scientists, but exclude those working with the public sector undertakings.

🎯4.Padma Shri- 4th degree of honour.🎖
In the order of rank, Padma Shri is the fourth highest civilian award. This award is conferred to people for achievements in any field including the service rendered by the Government employees.

♻️PM-KUSUM-(Pradhan Mantri Kisan Urja Suraksha evam Utthan Mahabhiyaan).
The PM-KUSUM is a flagship scheme initiated by the Indian government in 2019 with the primary objective of transforming the agricultural sector by promoting the adoption of solar energy solutions.

Meaning of  Flagship Programme or Goal-Flagship programmes derive their origin from the term flagship which is the main or most important ship of a country's navy and is symbolic of the main thrust of the nation's developmental policy.

🍯Let's Know about Sugar-Free Product
Sugar substitutes approved by the U.S.Food and Drug Administration (FDA) include Aspartame, neotame, saccharin, stevia, and sucralose. Most of the sugar substitutes are made from these compounds. Whenever you come across products in stores that say 'sugar-free' they usually fall into either one of these categories

🌳Natural World Heritage Sites of India.
🦏Kaziranga National Park -Assam (Famous for one-horned Rhinoceros).

🦩keoladeo Ghana  National Park -Rajasthan (Famous for Siberian Crane).

🐅Manas Wildlife Sanctuary -Assam (Famous for tiger Conservation).

🐬🐊Sundarbans National Park - West Bengal (Famous for Royal Bengal Tiger ,Ganges Dolphin and Crocodile)

🗻Great Himalayan National Park-Himachal Pradesh (Famous For blue sheep, snow leopard, Himalayan brown bear, Himalayan tahr, and musk de)

⛰Western Ghats - Maharashtra,Goa,Karnataka,Tamil Nadu and Kerala ( IT Perform important hydrological and watershed functions)

🌸Nanda Devi National Park and Valley of Flowers - Uttarakhand (famous for its meadows of endemic alpine flowers and outstanding natural beauty)

Some Mnemonics
Source : Internet
This may be helpful for exams

1)There are 17 countries, 3 continents and 6 water bodies lies on Tropic of Cancer passes.
North America
Mexico, Bahamas(Archipelago)
Africa
Niger, Algeria, Mauritania, Egypt, Western Sahara, Mali, Libya (NAME WML)
Asia
Myanmar, Omen, Bangladesh, India, Saudi Arabia, China, United Arab Emirates, Taiwan (MOB IS CUTe)

2)Mnemonic for 13 countries from which Equator passes :
KIM SUCKS Gabon's BraCE :
Here KIM is from South east Asia. SUCKS Gabon is from Africa and BraCE is from South America.
So, its a good mnemonic to segregate countries of different continents through which equator passes.
K- Kiribati, I- Indonesia M- Maldives
S- Somalia U- Uganda C- Republic of Congo & Democratic Republic of Congo (These are 2 different Congos. Pls pay attention) K- Kenya,  S- Sao Tome & Principle ,Gabon
Bra- Brazil , C- Colombia, E- Ecuador

3) Tropic of Capricon : ABCP MMSBN A
(A – Argentina, B – Brazil, C –Chili, P – Paraguay)
(M – Madagascar,  M – Mozambique, S- South Africa, B- Bostwana, N- Namibia)
(A-Australia)

4)BaChPaN - To remember length of boundary india shares in decreasing order-Bangladesh, China, Pakistan, Nepal.

5)SEED : Countries collectively called as Horn of Africa-
S- Somalia, E- Ethiopia, E- Eritrea, D- Djibouti

6)UN always faces the challenges of world. hence they are FACERS
F – French, A-Arabic, C-Chinese, E-English, R-Russian, S-Spanish
Languages used in UN

7)JUMBAK : States With Bicameral System
J – J&K, U – U.P.;  M – MH;  B – BH;  A – Andhra Pradesh ; K – Karnataka

8)Countries Surrounding Baltic Sea :

RuDe Germany SELL Poland & Finland

(Ru – Russia, De- Denmark, Germany. S-Sweden, E-Estonia, L- Latvia, Lithuania, Poland and Finland)

9)Countries Surrounding Mediterranean Sea :

LET Me introduce African Angel SILC(silk) who studied in Asia & born to her mother BAGMaTI who was MiSS Europe in Mid Fifteenth Century

(Africa : L- Libya, E- Egypt, T-Tunisia, M- Morocco, Angel-Algeria,
Asia – Syria, Israel, Lebanon, Cyprus
Europe- Bosnia, Albenia, Greece, montengero, turkey, Italy, malta, slovania, spain, Monaco, france, crotia)

10)Countries Around Caspian Sea:

RITU is so KAAZual

(R- Russia, I- Iran, TU- Turkmenistan, KA- Kazakhstan, AZ- Azerbaijan)

11)Countries Around Black Sea: GURR BuT
G- Georgia, U- Ukarine, R- Russia, R- Romania, Bu- Bulagaria, T- Turkey

12)DESSEY : Countries bordering Red Sea :
D- Djibouti, E- Eritrea, S- Saudi Arabi, S- Sudan (not somalia: pay attention and keep rem), E- Egypt, Y- Yemen

13)Countries through which Prime Meridian Passes

Prime TV MeriDiana
ToNi and SUMAL are Best Friends in Ghana

(Prime – Prime , MeriDiana – Meridian, To-Togo, Ni-Niger, S-Spain, U- U.K., M-Mali , AL-Algeria, B –Burkina Faso, F – France, Ghana)

14) Tropic of Cancer passes through 8 States-MiRa's JCB at GMT

(Rajasthan, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, West Bengal, Jharkhand, Tripura and Mizoram.)

15) SAARC : MBBS PAIN
(Maldives, Bhutan, B’desh, Sri Lanka, Pak, afghan, India, Nepal)

16) ASEAN : TV CLIP MMS-B
(Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore, Brunei)

17) G-7 Members : GUrUJI Chale France
(Germany, U.K., U.S.,Japan, Italy, Canada, France)
18) SCO : TRUCKK
(Tajikistan, Russia, Uzbekistan, china, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan )

19) G-5 : BRICS ( Russia (–) Mexico(+))

20) G-20 : GURU JI SITA AB SSC FCI ME kaam karti hain
( G- Germany, U- USA, R- Russia, U- U.K, J- Japan, I- India, S- Saudi Arabia, I- Indonesia, T- Turkey, A- Australia, A- Argentina, B- Brazil, S- South Korea, S- South Africa, C- Canada, F- France, C- China, I- Italy, M- Mexico, E- European union)

21) Mnemonic for 16 RCEP countries :
10 ASEAN + 6 OTHERS
Mnemonic for ASEAN has already been shared earlier : TV CLIP MMS-B
Mnemonic for 6 Others :-- JANSIC
(J- Japan, A- Australia, N- New Zealand, S- South Korea, I- India, C- China)

🇮🇳Mega Defence Event East Tech 2023🛰🛰
The Eastern Command of the 🇮🇳Indian Army🪖 is organizing a significant defence event, “East Tech 2023,” to showcase the latest defence technologies. This event, taking place on October 10 and 11, is the first of its kind in Assam and the entire North East Region.“East Tech 2023” aims to identify cutting-edge technologies that can address operational challenges in the Eastern Sector and enhance Self-reliance in defence technology

🖼What is Pietra Dura?
The art of Pietra Dura, as it was called in Italy, was brought to India in the 17th century by the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan when he commissioned the Taj Mahal and brought experts from Persia, introducing the art of inlay carving and use of semi-precious stone in marble for the first time

🇮🇳Monetary Committee Of India
The Monetary Policy Committee consists of the following six members they are:
Chairperson (Governor of the RBI) -Shri Shaktikanta Das
In-charge of Monetary Policy-Dr. Michael Debabrata Patra
Member 1-Dr. Shashanka Bhide
Member 2-Dr. Ashima Goyal
Member 3-Prof. Jayanth R. Varma
Member 4-Dr. Mridul K. Saggar

🎯Let's Know About NIA( National Investigation Agency)
*The National Investigation Agency (NIA) is India's counter-terrorist task force. The agency is empowered to deal with terror related crimes across states without special permission from the states.
*The NIA (Amendment) Act 2019, passed by the parliament on 17 July 2019, gave more investigating powers to the NIA:
* It empowered the NIA to probe terror attacks targeting Indians and Indian interests abroad. The NIA Act applies to persons who commit a scheduled offence beyond India against Indian citizens or affecting the interest of India

🎯Nobel Prize for Economics 2023
▪️Claudia Goldin From 🇺🇸U.S.A.She uncovered key drivers of gender differences in the labour market and provided the first comprehensive account of women's earnings and labour market participation through the centuries.
https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/rest-of-world/2023-nobel-prize-in-economic-sciences-awarded-to-claudia-goldin/articleshow/104282308.cms?from=mdr

🛩In a historic moment,🇮🇳 Indian Air Force (IAF) has unveiled the Air Force's New Ensign at the annual Air Force Day parade at Prayagraj in (Uttar Pradesh)

This is the first change to the ensign since 1951, when the Royal Indian Air Force (RIAF) ensign was changed to make it look ‘Indian’.

A new lAF ensign set to;🪖
1. The crest has the national symbol, the Ashoka lion, on the top with the words ‘Satyameva Jayete’ in Devanagari below it.
2.A Himalayan eagle🦅, with its wings spread, has a ring in light blue colour encircling it with words “Indian Air Force”.
3.The existing motto of the IAF “Touching the sky with Glory” taken from the verse 24, Chapter 11 of the Bhagavad Gita will remain on the ensign.

🎯Dholes or Asiatic wild dog🐕
▪️IUCN List of Threatened Species: Endangered

▪️Dhole is a Schedule II species under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972.

▪️They are under Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES).

▪️They Found in three regions in india (Western and Eastern Ghats,North East India,Central Indian Landscape)

▪️They are also found in Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Malaysia, Vietnam, and Thailand.

Answer :- B
Explanation:
● Silver Economy is defined as the market that is being developed around the needs of an ageing population, with a focus on innovation.
● This concept, derived from the so-called silver market that emerged in 🇯🇵Japan, the country with the highest percentage of people over 65 — during the 1970s to refer to the senior market, brings together sectors as diverse as health, banking, automotive, energy, housing, telecommunications, leisure and tourism, among others.

❄️Recently, scientists from the National Snow and Ice Data Center reported a historic low in Antarctic sea ice during wintertime

▫️The National Snow and Ice Data Center has confirmed that Antarctic sea ice reached an unprecedented low during the wintertime. This record-breaking reduction in sea ice extent was described as being “far outside anything observed in the 45-year modern satellite record that began in 1979.” The missing sea ice amounted to approximately 386,000 square miles below the previous record low recorded in 2022 – a region larger than Egypt

🌊What is the Indian Ocean Rim Association
▫️The organisation is founded upon the values of open regionalism for boosting economic cooperation especially on the realms of trade facilitation, investment, the region’s social development and promotion.
Currently, it has 23 member states.
▫️The IORA was formed in March 1997.The idea for the IORA was formed by India and South Africa.
▫️Sri Lanka's Foreign Minister Ali Sabry will chair the Council, the highest decision-making body of IORA, taking over from the Foreign Minister of Bangladesh the current Chair for the next two years.

🇮🇳Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) reported that unemployment rate in urban areas of the country has shown a decrease during the period April-June 2023
▫️NSO is the central statistical agency of the Government-mandated under the Statistical Services Act 1980 under the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation.