Pre note: Get your visual notes from my pinned message 🥰

🚨April 3 2023 | Monday🚨

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Evergreening
- Making slight changes to formulation to extend the patent period and keep monopoly over drug
- Indian patent law disallows evergreening as it bans patents for new form of same substance developed without any significant improvement

Pre related
- Deshabhimani a paper by TK Madhavan (Ezhava leader related to Vaikom Satyagraha)
- Medicines for TB: Streptomycin, Kanamycin, and Bedaquiline
- Eravikulam NP, natural habitat of Nilgiri Tahr (Munnar)

Reading Recommendations

IE
1. Recalling Vaikom, satyagraha that led to opening of temple doors to lower castes
2. KA's new quota regime
3. Why bedaquiline patent decision could hold key to 2025 TB goal (note diff names)

TH
1. Why was month of March in Mumbai relatively cooler? (very imp article)
2. The Bharat 6G vision document: how India plans to lead telecom tech (v. imp article- take notes)

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Easy to find Qs in PYQs from this phenomenon. Develop a visual memory and do remember dates

Pre note: Get your visual notes from my pinned message 🥰

🚨April 4 2023 | Tuesday🚨

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1. Contract terms
Contract for service
When one wants to engage services of a third party as an independent contractor for a specific purpose

Contract of service
When one engages on employment basis

2. How are lawmakers disqualified in India?
Revise it on my blog, only source you need on this topic


Reading Recommendations

TH
1. Time to put a price on carbon emission
2. Why India should cut down on its salt intake (v. imp)
3. The demand for Scottish independence (Read just the gist if you have other things on priority)

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Getting a lot of queries on PYQ notes.

Note: I’m working on bringing comprehensive notes covering every single question in last 15 years.

Will put them for sale by end of this week for all to learn and benefit from!

Keep studying hard! 💪🏻

Pre note: Get your visual notes from my pinned message 🥰

🚨April 5 2023 | Wednesday🚨

Controlled Digital Lending
Understand with an example. Say, a book A has 10 copies in a library. They can lend only 10 at a time.
In CDL, while the digital library can unlimited options to lend, it lends only 5 copies as a part of its CDL policy.

This policy is under question in the US.

Reading Recommendations

IE
1. Securing some, at great cost (excellent must read article)
2. Finland joins NATO, why is Turkey making Sweden wait?
3. RLV (take a rough quick idea)

TH
1. A new economics for a new world (excellent article)
2. What was discussed at UN water conference? (imp read)
3. On Twitter's open source promise (read just the gist)


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An important map for your revision. Can frame many Pre questions from this alone.

It is in today's The Hindu. Shared on Twitter, you can save this image from there

Pre note: Get your visual notes from my pinned message 🥰

🚨April 6 2023 | Thursday🚨

1. North Atlantic Treaty Organisation
- Estd. 1949 w/ HQ in Brussels, Belgium
- Set up post WWII to contain Soviet Union
- 31 Members, Finland latest
- 12 founding members: Belgium, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, UK, US, Canada

2. UN Economic Commission for Europe
- estd. 1947 w/ HQ in Geneva
- One of 5 regional commissions u/ jurisdiction of UNSC
- Aim: to promote economic cooperation and integration among member states
- Has members from both Europe and outside (imp point)
- Force behind UN Water Convention

3. Global Environment Facility:
- Estd. at 1992 earth summit w/ HQ at DC
- Under management of WB, UNDP, UNEP
- Offers Financial mechanism for
- UNCCD
- UNCBD
- UNFCCC
- Stockholm Protocol
- Minamata convention

4. World Resources Institute
- estd. 1982, HQ Washington DC
- Global research organization
- Spans over 50 countries w/ focus on critical issues at intersection of environment & development:
- Climate
- Energy
- Food
- Forests
- Water
- Cities and Transport

5. WHO WASH strategy

6. Prepaid Payment Instruments
- Payment methods that to purchase goods/services and send/receive money using pre stored money value in the wallet
- Can be used only in INR
- Can be in form of mobile wallet, physical smart card, secure token, vouchers etc.
- Amount can be (re)loaded against cash or through debit to bank account or by using credit/debit cards, UPI or other approved payment methods

Reading Recommendations

IE
1. Trading forests for trees

TH
1. A long view of the South Asian drama
2. What's the open source seeds movement?


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Prelims 2014
Prelims 2020
Prelims 2021

Same question asked! PYQs are goldmine, ladies and gentlemen.

This weekend, I will bring analysis of every single question in last 15 years for you to learn 😍

Watchout for sale, don’t miss! 💪🏻

🚨April 7 2023 | Friday🚨

Found nothing worth in paper today.

Skip reading it to focus on PYQs and revision today.

Did you know?
You can revise for multiple topics within minutes on my blog. Visit 👇🏼
CSEWhy.substack.com

To revisit for today: North East Mountain ranges

What a beautiful image marking all important mountain ranges of North East!

React ♥️ if this helps you revise! 😍

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Note: Missed the sale yesterday? You can still get 30% off on all notes today till 09:30 pm here. Regular prices from tomorrow

🚨April 8 2023 | Saturday🚨

LIGO India
- Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory at Hingoli, Maharashtra
- Aim: To detect & study gravitational waves; designed to measure changes in distance that are several orders of magnitude smaller than proton's length
- Other group/countries to have gravitational waves observatories: USA, Japan, Europe


Gravitational waves
- Ripples in space-time produced by movement of large celestial bodies like stars and planets
- Einstein predicted these 100 years ago in theory of Relativity; discovered in 2015 in US

Idu Mishmi Tribe
- A tribe of Arunachal called 'Tiger Brothers', traditionally thought to be born of same mother as tiger
- Tigers believed to be their elder brothers
- Living near Mishmi hills
- Mishmi group has several sub tribes: Idu Mishmi, Digaru, Miju
- Idu Mishmi are known for weaving and craftsmanship skills
- Ancestral homeland over Dibang/Lower Dibang valley
- Idu Mishmi language considered endangered by UNESCO

Dibang WS
- declared 1998
- Home to Mishmi Takin, musk deer, goral, clouded and snow leopard, tiger
- In process to declare it Tiger reserve (opposed by Idu Mishmi

Investment Facilitation Agreement by WTO
- Backed by 100+ countries
- India not included in 100+ countries
- Aims to create legally binding provisions aimed at facilitating investment flows

States which have Cannabis cultivation legal with restrictions
- UK (since 2017)
- GJ, MP, UP
- HP in process

Terms related to Prelims
- SaMD: Software as Medical Device
- SiMD: Software in Medical Devices
- No guidelines on regulate either of these yet

Wildlife Trust of India
- An NGO to serve nature w/ Motto: In service of nature
- Supported by diff govt. ministries

Some village and their distinctive features
1. Bishnoi village (RJ): Case study for living in harmony with nature
2. Raini (UK): Chipko movement
3. Modhera (GJ): First solar powered village in India
4. Suketi (HP): Asia's oldest fossil park
5. Pandrettan (JnK): Village of shaivite mystic Lal Ded

Reading Recommendations

IE
1. Spotlight again on Doklam
2. New domestic gas pricing formula: the what and the why

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Friends, in case you missed getting PYQ notes for yourself yesterday, this is for you.

You can get ‘em today for 30% off till 09:30pm
Regular prices will apply from tomorrow.

Get them here 👇🏼

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🚨April 9 2023 | Sunday🚨

1. Spot Belied Pelicans

- IUCN: Near threatened
- Has a pouch (gular) to catch fishes
- Their droppings used as a fertilizer by villagers
- Has weal leg muscles making it a poor swimmer
- Fishes in group(s) forming a semi-circle partnering with Cormorant (a diver which dives to sending fishes to surface allowing Pelican to catch near surface)
- Habitat:
- Karaivetti-Vettangudi (Thanjavur)
- Tirunelveli (Tamil Nadu)
- Kokkarebellur (Mandya, Karnataka)
- Karanji Lake (Mysuru, Karnataka)
- Uppalapadu (Guntur, AP)
- Nelapattu, near Pulicat Lake (AP)
- Karikili Bird Sanctuary (TN)
- Pallikarani Marsh Reserve Forest (TN)
- Pichavaram Mangrove (TN) [All previous 3 are Ramsar sites]

2. How social media companies can lose their safe harbour in India?
Three ways:
a) Not having grievance officer for India
b) Not addressing user complaints on time
c) Fake news as flagged by govt. (PIB is official fact checker)

3. Yogavashishta
Seen in Prelims PYQ. Translated by Nizamuddin Panipati during rein of Akbar


Reading Recommendations

TH
1. Will platforms have to take down fake news?


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🚨April 10 2023 | Monday🚨

Profit and Protein
- Keyword for Fisheries for UPSC Mains

Pre Related

1. Mountain Peaks of Andaman and Nicobar Islands

- Mt. Saddle : North Andaman
- Mt. Diavolo : Middle Andaman
- Mt. Koyob : South Andaman
- Mt. Thuiller : Great Nicobar

2. UN Office for Outer Space Affairs
- To promote int'l cooperation in peaceful use and exploration of space, space tech for sustainable economic and social development
- Assists any UN Member state to establish legal and regulatory framework to govern space activities and strengthen capacity of developing countries to use space SnT for national development programmes

3. New Space India Limited
- estd. 2019 u/ Dept of Space w/ HQ @ Bangalore
- A CPSE, it is commercial arm of ISRO
- NSIL will deal with capacity building of local industry for space manufacturing
- (Antrix Corp is mandated to handle ISRO's commercial deals with foreign customers

4. ZojiLa Pass
- All weather connectivity tunnel, Asia's longest bi-directional tunnel, to open soon
- Will cut travel time from Kashmir Valley to Ladakh to just 40 mins from 4 hours
- Location: Kargil district, connects Leh-Srinagar

5. Wildlife Institute of India
- Autonomous institution u/ MOEFCC estd. 1982
- Based in Dehradun and offers training programs, courses etc. in wildlife research and management

6. Numbers of Protected Areas in India
- Total: 998
- Tiger Reserves: 53
- National Parks: 106
- Wildlife Sanctuaries: 567
- Conservation Reserves: 105
- Community Reserves: 220

7. Thalweg doctrine
- Related to carving out int'l border along water bodies (river, creek etc)
- It says: A boundary can only be fixed in the middle of navigable channel

8. Revise PVTG tribes here

Reading Recommendations

IE
1. Building the blue economy
2. What LIGO India will do? (cut this clip and keep it in notes. V. IMP)

TH
1. Awaiting lift-off into the Second Space Age
2. The population bomb that never was


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🚨April 11 2023 | Tuesday🚨

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Pre related

1. Common Security and Defence Policy
- EU's course of action to manage crisis and defence

2. Nordic Defence Corporation (NORDEFCO)
- estd. 2009 w/ aim to increase defence capabilities of Nordic countries
- Sort of a Political and Military alliance, both (don't mistake to be defence ALONE)
- Members: Norway, Sweden, Finland, Denmark and Iceland (Nordic countries)

3. UN Democracy Fund
- estd. 2005
- Aim: To support democratisation efforts around the world
- Major support to civil society and human rights efforts across the world
- India is a donor to this fund

4. International Prize for Statistics
- Nobel of stats
- Given to 102 year old CR Rao for work he did when he was 27 years old 🤯
- CR Rao is also a Padma Bhushan (1968) and Padma Vibhushan (2001) and currently lives in the USA

5. Revise NATO


Reading Recommendations

IE
1. El Nino and the monsoon

TH
1. How have recent weather events affected wheat crop? (read Gist)
2. On Finland's journey to join NATO (read gist, I have covered mentioned org above)


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