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🚨April 1 2023 | Saturday🚨

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Gamosa
- Phulam Gamosa is symbol of Assamese cultural identity
- Deep symbolic value in Assam (religious, social and cultural)
- Socially: gifted to symbolize mutual respect and solidarity
- Finds special place in Vaishnava culture
- GI Tag

In Bengal, Uttariya a long scarf is often used in cultural programmes and to welcome guests in Bengali society.

Reading Recommendations

IE
1. Attention killers of plants: They could be screaming in pain

TH
1. Govt. vows swifter nod for exporters



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Mapped Bhakti saints to their respective states.

Read once just, never forget 😉

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🚨April 2 2023 | Sunday🚨

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Domestic content requirement
- Related to solar power production in India

Genome Sequencing
Technique to find the sequence of the genes (ACGT order of DNA)

Pre related

1. Bastille Day Parade
- Annual military parade of France
- PM Manmohan Singh attended as guest in 2009

2. Wildlife Trust of India
- 1998 estd. NGO
- Aim: to conserve wildlife and habitat to work for animal welfare
Partners with governments and communities

3. Universal Service Obligation Fund
- Created in 2002 u/ Ministry of Communications
- Statutory support under Indian Telegram (Amendment) Act 2003
- Aim: to ensure universal non-discriminatory access to quality ICT services to people in remote and rural areas
- Non lapsable fund

4. Marburg Virus Disease
- Recent outbreak in Equatorial Guinea and Tanzania
- First seen in 1967 in Germany & Serbia
- Symptoms: Severe Haemorrhagic fever (fatal)
- Closely related to Ebola, rated as high risk by WHO
- Spread: Infected animals (fruit bats) + bodily fluids in human to human contact
- Africa worst affected

5. AI chatbots and their companies/countries
- ChatGPT by OpenAI (Microsoft backed)
- Bard by Google, USA
- Ernie by Baidu, China
- ELSA by MIT, USA

6. Asilomar AI Principles
- 2017 conference 'Beneficial AI' by Future of Life Institute (FLI)
- One of earliest sets of AI governing principals

7. UNFCCC (UN Framework Convention on Climate Change)
- estd 1992 at Rio Summit
- 2015 Paris agreement u/ UNFCCC (Parent of COPs)
- Near universal membership (197 countries)
- Objectives: Time framed achievement of GHGs concentrations at safe levels

8. International Court of Justice
- Estd. 1945, based in Hague (Netherlands)
- Settles legal disputes b/w states and offer advisory opinions to UN agencies and others
- Justice Dalveer Bhandari is a judge here (Former CJI, Bombay HC and judge of SC)

9. Israel's proposed reforms
- Curtail Judicial Review
- Override SC judgements with simple majority of 61 in the Knesset (Israel's Parliament)
- Remove 'Reasonability test'
- Seek greater say in the judicial appointments
- Currently, 9 members where 3 are from Court, 2 from Bar council, 2 from Knesset and 2 from Govt.
- Govt. wants to replace bar council representatives with 2 Public representatives thus taking majority to 6/9

10. Great Nicobar
- Home to Shompen and Nicobaris tribes
- Home to Galathea River (v. imp)
- Home to Leatherback turtle world's largest marine turtle, Nicobari Megapode (endemic)
- Lies b/w Andaman sea and Bay of Bengal in a tectonically sensitive zone
- ~8k current population comprising of 2 tribes + ex servicemen

11. Theyyam and Thira Dance
- Theyyam dance participant is considered god
- Thira dance participant is considered to be possessed by god
- Often seen in Kozhikode and other parts of Kerala

Reading Recommendations

TH
1. Can countries be sued over climate change?


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As Promised, I am compiling most news myself under Pre related and have reduced reading recommendations as Prelims near.

Keep studying hard and don't forget PYQs.

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🚨April 3 2023 | Monday🚨

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Evergreening
- Making slight changes to formulation to extend the patent period and keep monopoly over drug
- Indian patent law disallows evergreening as it bans patents for new form of same substance developed without any significant improvement

Pre related
- Deshabhimani a paper by TK Madhavan (Ezhava leader related to Vaikom Satyagraha)
- Medicines for TB: Streptomycin, Kanamycin, and Bedaquiline
- Eravikulam NP, natural habitat of Nilgiri Tahr (Munnar)

Reading Recommendations

IE
1. Recalling Vaikom, satyagraha that led to opening of temple doors to lower castes
2. KA's new quota regime
3. Why bedaquiline patent decision could hold key to 2025 TB goal (note diff names)

TH
1. Why was month of March in Mumbai relatively cooler? (very imp article)
2. The Bharat 6G vision document: how India plans to lead telecom tech (v. imp article- take notes)

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Easy to find Qs in PYQs from this phenomenon. Develop a visual memory and do remember dates

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🚨April 4 2023 | Tuesday🚨

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1. Contract terms
Contract for service
When one wants to engage services of a third party as an independent contractor for a specific purpose

Contract of service
When one engages on employment basis

2. How are lawmakers disqualified in India?
Revise it on my blog, only source you need on this topic


Reading Recommendations

TH
1. Time to put a price on carbon emission
2. Why India should cut down on its salt intake (v. imp)
3. The demand for Scottish independence (Read just the gist if you have other things on priority)

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Getting a lot of queries on PYQ notes.

Note: I’m working on bringing comprehensive notes covering every single question in last 15 years.

Will put them for sale by end of this week for all to learn and benefit from!

Keep studying hard! 💪🏻

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🚨April 5 2023 | Wednesday🚨

Controlled Digital Lending
Understand with an example. Say, a book A has 10 copies in a library. They can lend only 10 at a time.
In CDL, while the digital library can unlimited options to lend, it lends only 5 copies as a part of its CDL policy.

This policy is under question in the US.

Reading Recommendations

IE
1. Securing some, at great cost (excellent must read article)
2. Finland joins NATO, why is Turkey making Sweden wait?
3. RLV (take a rough quick idea)

TH
1. A new economics for a new world (excellent article)
2. What was discussed at UN water conference? (imp read)
3. On Twitter's open source promise (read just the gist)


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An important map for your revision. Can frame many Pre questions from this alone.

It is in today's The Hindu. Shared on Twitter, you can save this image from there

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🚨April 6 2023 | Thursday🚨

1. North Atlantic Treaty Organisation
- Estd. 1949 w/ HQ in Brussels, Belgium
- Set up post WWII to contain Soviet Union
- 31 Members, Finland latest
- 12 founding members: Belgium, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, UK, US, Canada

2. UN Economic Commission for Europe
- estd. 1947 w/ HQ in Geneva
- One of 5 regional commissions u/ jurisdiction of UNSC
- Aim: to promote economic cooperation and integration among member states
- Has members from both Europe and outside (imp point)
- Force behind UN Water Convention

3. Global Environment Facility:
- Estd. at 1992 earth summit w/ HQ at DC
- Under management of WB, UNDP, UNEP
- Offers Financial mechanism for
- UNCCD
- UNCBD
- UNFCCC
- Stockholm Protocol
- Minamata convention

4. World Resources Institute
- estd. 1982, HQ Washington DC
- Global research organization
- Spans over 50 countries w/ focus on critical issues at intersection of environment & development:
- Climate
- Energy
- Food
- Forests
- Water
- Cities and Transport

5. WHO WASH strategy

6. Prepaid Payment Instruments
- Payment methods that to purchase goods/services and send/receive money using pre stored money value in the wallet
- Can be used only in INR
- Can be in form of mobile wallet, physical smart card, secure token, vouchers etc.
- Amount can be (re)loaded against cash or through debit to bank account or by using credit/debit cards, UPI or other approved payment methods

Reading Recommendations

IE
1. Trading forests for trees

TH
1. A long view of the South Asian drama
2. What's the open source seeds movement?


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Prelims 2014
Prelims 2020
Prelims 2021

Same question asked! PYQs are goldmine, ladies and gentlemen.

This weekend, I will bring analysis of every single question in last 15 years for you to learn 😍

Watchout for sale, don’t miss! 💪🏻

🚨April 7 2023 | Friday🚨

Found nothing worth in paper today.

Skip reading it to focus on PYQs and revision today.

Did you know?
You can revise for multiple topics within minutes on my blog. Visit 👇🏼
CSEWhy.substack.com

To revisit for today: North East Mountain ranges

What a beautiful image marking all important mountain ranges of North East!

React ♥️ if this helps you revise! 😍

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🚨April 8 2023 | Saturday🚨

LIGO India
- Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory at Hingoli, Maharashtra
- Aim: To detect & study gravitational waves; designed to measure changes in distance that are several orders of magnitude smaller than proton's length
- Other group/countries to have gravitational waves observatories: USA, Japan, Europe


Gravitational waves
- Ripples in space-time produced by movement of large celestial bodies like stars and planets
- Einstein predicted these 100 years ago in theory of Relativity; discovered in 2015 in US

Idu Mishmi Tribe
- A tribe of Arunachal called 'Tiger Brothers', traditionally thought to be born of same mother as tiger
- Tigers believed to be their elder brothers
- Living near Mishmi hills
- Mishmi group has several sub tribes: Idu Mishmi, Digaru, Miju
- Idu Mishmi are known for weaving and craftsmanship skills
- Ancestral homeland over Dibang/Lower Dibang valley
- Idu Mishmi language considered endangered by UNESCO

Dibang WS
- declared 1998
- Home to Mishmi Takin, musk deer, goral, clouded and snow leopard, tiger
- In process to declare it Tiger reserve (opposed by Idu Mishmi

Investment Facilitation Agreement by WTO
- Backed by 100+ countries
- India not included in 100+ countries
- Aims to create legally binding provisions aimed at facilitating investment flows

States which have Cannabis cultivation legal with restrictions
- UK (since 2017)
- GJ, MP, UP
- HP in process

Terms related to Prelims
- SaMD: Software as Medical Device
- SiMD: Software in Medical Devices
- No guidelines on regulate either of these yet

Wildlife Trust of India
- An NGO to serve nature w/ Motto: In service of nature
- Supported by diff govt. ministries

Some village and their distinctive features
1. Bishnoi village (RJ): Case study for living in harmony with nature
2. Raini (UK): Chipko movement
3. Modhera (GJ): First solar powered village in India
4. Suketi (HP): Asia's oldest fossil park
5. Pandrettan (JnK): Village of shaivite mystic Lal Ded

Reading Recommendations

IE
1. Spotlight again on Doklam
2. New domestic gas pricing formula: the what and the why

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Friends, in case you missed getting PYQ notes for yourself yesterday, this is for you.

You can get ‘em today for 30% off till 09:30pm
Regular prices will apply from tomorrow.

Get them here 👇🏼

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🚨April 9 2023 | Sunday🚨

1. Spot Belied Pelicans

- IUCN: Near threatened
- Has a pouch (gular) to catch fishes
- Their droppings used as a fertilizer by villagers
- Has weal leg muscles making it a poor swimmer
- Fishes in group(s) forming a semi-circle partnering with Cormorant (a diver which dives to sending fishes to surface allowing Pelican to catch near surface)
- Habitat:
- Karaivetti-Vettangudi (Thanjavur)
- Tirunelveli (Tamil Nadu)
- Kokkarebellur (Mandya, Karnataka)
- Karanji Lake (Mysuru, Karnataka)
- Uppalapadu (Guntur, AP)
- Nelapattu, near Pulicat Lake (AP)
- Karikili Bird Sanctuary (TN)
- Pallikarani Marsh Reserve Forest (TN)
- Pichavaram Mangrove (TN) [All previous 3 are Ramsar sites]

2. How social media companies can lose their safe harbour in India?
Three ways:
a) Not having grievance officer for India
b) Not addressing user complaints on time
c) Fake news as flagged by govt. (PIB is official fact checker)

3. Yogavashishta
Seen in Prelims PYQ. Translated by Nizamuddin Panipati during rein of Akbar


Reading Recommendations

TH
1. Will platforms have to take down fake news?


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