78th Independence Day 🇮🇳

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Pre note: Make most of the Independence Day Sale 😁🫰🏻

🚨 15th August | Thursday 🚨

Pre facts

1. SC allowed states to collect Mineral Tax dues from April 1, 2005

2. WHO: Monkeypox is now a global public health emergency

3. City of Pompeii

• It is an ancient Roman city near Naples, Italy, buried by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 CE

• The city, home to 10,000-20,000 inhabitants, was remarkably preserved under volcanic ash, revealing insights into Roman life, architecture, and culture.

• Rediscovered in 1748, it earned UNESCO World Heritage status in 1997

• In news coz of discovery of skeletol remains of victims of destruction in 79AD

Reading recommendations

Indian Express

1. Our freedom, our constitution (The Ideas page)
(GS2: Constitution)

2. A plan for the young (The Ideas page)
(GS2: Policies)

3. Why Delhi HC is hearing plea against….(Explained page)
(GS2: Laws and acts)

The Hindu 🗞️

1. The trial that progressed rapidly towards Independence (Editorial)
(GS1: Freedom struggle)

P.S: Which freedom fighter’s ideology inspired you the most? LMK on Instagram

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Pre note: Get WHYPower to master Pre/Mains PYQs, Constitution & Mapping for UPSC25

🚨 16th August | Friday 🚨

Mains facts

1. The Uniform Civil Code (UCC)

• It aims to replace personal laws based on religious customs with a common set of laws

• Article 44 mandates the state to secure a UCC to promote equality and justice

• It seeks to enhance gender equality, simplify legal procedures, and promote national integration by ensuring uniformity in personal laws related to marriage, inheritance, and divorce

• Implementation faces resistance due to concerns over minority rights, cultural diversity, and the patriarchal mindset prevalent in society

Reading Recommendations

Indian Express 🗞

1. Why latest mpox outbreak is 'Emergency of International concern' (Explained page)

2. A financing challenge (Editorial)
(GS3: Economy)

The Hindu 📰

1. How can traffic which causes air pollution be controlled (Text&Context)
(GS2: Social issues)

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Pre note: Subscribe blog.csewhy.com

🚨 17th August | Saturday 🚨

Mains facts

1. The Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV)

• Its a lightweight launch vehicle developed by ISRO, designed to transport satellites weighing < 500 kg into Low Earth Orbit (LEO) at 500 km altitude

• 34m long, 2m in diameter, and weighs approximately 120 tons

• Comprises three solid propulsion stages and a liquid propulsion-based Velocity Trimming Module (VTM) for precise orbit insertion

• Efficiency: Integrates in just 72 hours with minimal personnel, compared to PSLV's 70 days

• Aims to meet the growing demand for small satellite launches, particularly from developing countries and private sectors

Reading Recommendations

Indian Express 🗞

1. Making it right (Editorial)
(GS2: Social issues and Policies)

2. Questions in cosmic history (Explained page)
(GS3: Science and space)

The Hindu 📰

1. The essence of India's inflation problem (Editorial)
(GS3: Economics)

PS: Join @CSEWhyPlanB

Pre note: Give a headstart to your day, plan your week!!

🚨 18th August | Sunday 🚨

Mains notes

1. Mpox (Monkey Pox)

• Mpox is zoonotic (Animals → Humans)

• Monkeypox virus belongs to Orthopoxvirus genus from Poxviridae family

• Symptoms include Rashes, Blisters, Fever, Sore throat, Headache, Muscle ache, Back pain, Swollen Lymph Nodes

• No available treatment contemporarily

*In the news due to recent outbreaks in Pakistan, Sweden and Africa.

Reading recommendations

The Hindu 🗞️

1. India needs to lift job growth via reforms: IMF’s Gopinath (Business page)
(GS3: Economy)

2. Do doctors need a central protection act? (Editorial)
(GS2: Policies and Social Issues)

P.S: Follow @CSEWhyPlanB

Pre note: Celebrate Rakhi, Gift yourself much needed UPSC 2025 mentorship 💪🏻

🚨 19th August | Monday 🚨

Mains notes

1. Lateral entry in bureaucracy

• Lateral entry into bureaucracy refers to the recruitment of specialists from outside the traditional civil services, primarily aimed at enhancing the expertise and efficiency within government departments

• It began in 2018, the current recruitment includes 10 posts for Joint Secretaries and 35 for Directors/Deputy Secretaries

• Appointments are typically for a period of three to five years

• Candidates for Joint Secretary positions must have at least 15 years of relevant work experience, while those applying for Director roles need a minimum of 10 years

• These positions are unreserved for SC, ST or OBC

Rationale Behind Lateral Entry

• Recommendations from NITI Aayog in 2017

• Fresh Talent and Expertise

• Addressing Skill Gaps

Criticisms and Challenges

• Lack of Reservation

• Transparency Issues

• Internal Resistance

• Cultural Transition

2. Hurricane Ernesto

Hurricane Ernesto, which formed in August 2024, has had significant impacts on the Caribbean and Bermuda. Here are the key facts regarding this storm:

• Ernesto was first identified as a tropical storm on August 14, 2024, and quickly intensified into a hurricane by August 16, making landfall in Bermuda early on August 16

• The storm caused significant disruptions, with over 50% of Bermuda's population (approximately 26,100 out of 36,000 customers) losing power due to the storm's intensity

• Ernesto dumped between 7 to 9 inches (175 to 225 mm) of rain on Bermuda, resulting in considerable flash flooding, especially in low-lying areas

Aftermath and Current Status

• Following its impact on Bermuda, Ernesto was downgraded to a tropical storm on August 18, 2024. However, it was expected to regain hurricane strength as it moved northeast into the Atlantic

• The National Hurricane Center warned of hazardous surf and rip currents along the U.S. East Coast, with alerts issued from Florida to Maine due to the storm's residual effects

• Prior to reaching Bermuda, Ernesto caused significant damage in Puerto Rico, where it left over 180,000 people without power and water

• The storm has been linked to at least 11 fatalities across the Caribbean

Reading recommendations

Indian Express 📰

1. The path runs through field (The ideas page)

2. Why districts created in 2016 are now under spotlight in Manipur (Explained page)
(GS2: Policies)

The Hindu 🗞️

1. New migrant realities in Karnataka’s gig sector (Editorial)(GS2: Social issues and Policies)

2. How a foreign covert group was using ChatGPT to influence U.S. elections (Text&Context)
(GS3: Internal Security)

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🚨 20th August | Tuesday 🚨

Pre notes

1. Operation Parakram

Military mobilization by India responding to parliament attack on December 13, 2001

Background

• Launched in December 2001

• Aimed at demonstrating military strength & deterring Pak from supporting terrorism in Kashmir

2. Women & Child development ministry: Single parents can now foster children and adopt them after 2 years

Mains notes

1. The Banni Grasslands Reserve is an ecological area located in the Kutch district of Gujarat, India

• Situated on the southern edge of the Rann of Kutch, covering 3,847 sq kms

• It comprises a mix of grasslands, wetlands, and salt flats

• The area hosts: Indian wolf, Asiatic wild ass, Indian bustard, and blackbuck

It supports over 275 bird species, including migratory birds like flamingos and cranes during the monsoon season

Historical Context

• "Banni" derives from the Hindi word "banai," meaning "made," referring to land formed from sediment deposits of the Indus River

• The region was fertile until the 1819 earthquake altered the river's course, leading to aridity

• It is home to Maldhari pastoralists, primarily from tribes like Jat, Mutwa, and Hingora

Conservation Status

• Declared a protected forest under the Indian Forest Act of 1927, legally protected since May 1955

• The Wildlife Institute of India recognizes Banni as a potential reintroduction site for the Indian cheetah

Environmental Concerns

• They face challenges from overgrazing, invasive plant species, and climate change

Reading recommendations

Indian Express 📰

1. Steady in the storm (Editorial)
(GS3: SnT)

2. Could Hasina be extradited (Explained page)
(GS2: IR)

The Hindu 🗞️

1. The tyranny of inequality (The opinion’s page)
(Ethics)

P.S: Click here to revise all important blogs at one place.

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🚨 21st August | Wednesday 🚨

Mains keywords

1. Collective diplomacy

• Practice of countries working together through diplomatic means to achieve common goals

Quotes

Who rules east europe commands the heart-land; who rules the heart-land commands the world-island; who rules the world-island commands the world.
--- Halford Mackinder (20th century British geopolitical thinker)

Reading Recommendations

Indian Express 🗞

1. Delhi to Kyiv via Warsaw (Editorial)
(GS2: IR)

2. A new nasal spray to treat life threatening allergic reactions (Explained page)
(GS3: SnT)

3. New study suggests liquid water deep inside Martian rocks (Explained page)
(GS3: SnT)

The Hindu 📰

1. A ground plan for sustainable mass development (Editorial)
(GS2: Social issues and Policies)

2. West Asia crisis spells tough choices fir Russia, China (Editorial)
(GS2: IR)

3. On the ethanol blending programme (Text&Context)
(GS3: Energy)

4. How blood tests for cancer screening can save lives (Science page)
(GS3: SnT)


PS: Send your essays for Free evaluation till 24th Aug to whycse@gmail.com [Note: must be written in last 1 week]

Pre note: Light Newspaper this morning. Revise important current affairs here

🚨 22nd August | Thursday 🚨

Pre notes

1. Mysuru Dassara (Nadahabba)

• A 10-day festival in Karnataka, marking the victory of the goddess Chamundeshwari over the buffalo demon Mahishasura

• The festival's roots trace back to the 14th-15th century during the Vijayanagara Empire, where it was initially known as Mahanavami

Mains notes

1. Aid and Advice in the Constitution

• Article 74: Council of Ministers to Aid and Advise the President

• Article 163: Council of Ministers to Aid and Advise the Governor

• 2nd Amendment (1976): Made POI bounded by the advice

• 44th Amendment (1978): Introduced the provision that the President can return the advice for reconsideration once. However, if the same advice is sent again, the President must accept it

Reading recommendations

Indian Express 📰

1. Is governor bound by the aid and advice of the council of ministers (Explained page)
(GS2: Constitution)

2. Paying more for less (Ideas page)
(GS3: Economy)

3. This land is their land (Ideas page)
(GS3: Climate and Environment)

The Hindu 🗞️

1. Imports weaken Indian Pharma (Opinion page)
(GS2/GS3: Social issues and Economy)

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Pre note: What policy changes you think we need to make in order to strengthen our Pvt. space industry?

Send ur answer on my Instagram. The best answer will get a shout out on Instagram/Telegram 😉

🚨 23rd August | Friday 🚨

Mains keywords

1. Glass ceiling

• Unofficial/Undue barriers on women to stop them from reaching certain heights on the corporate ladder

2. Predator Pricing

• Illegal strategy where a company sets prices below cost to eliminate competition, aiming to create a monopoly

3. Rotten tail kids

• New demographic in China, primarily graduates struggling to find employment

Pre-Facts

1. Aug 23: India's National Space Day

Reading Recommendations

Indian Express 🗞️

1. Europe push, India's agency: why Modi visit to Kyiv is significant (Explained page)
(GS2: IR)

2. Chandrayan-3: The first findings (Explained page)
(GS3: SnT)

3. When Modi meets Zelensky (The ideas page)
(GS2: IR)

The Hindu 📰

1. Building on favorable change in the 2024 waqf bill (Editorial)
(GS2: Policies)

2. A look at ongoing space missions (Text&Context)
(GS3: SnT)

PS: Do you consider any Indian scientist as your inspiration? Who and Why? Let's talk here

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🚨 24th August | Saturday 🚨

Pre Facts

1. Space sector contributed Rs. 20,000 CR to Indian GDP in last decade

Pre notes

1. Rail Force One

• Luxury train service used by world leaders to travel to Kyiv, Ukraine amid the ongoing Russian invasion

Mains notes

1. Jackson Hole Symposium

• Annual conference organized by the Fed Reserve Bank of Kansas City since 1978, held in Jackson Hole, Wyoming since 1981

• It brings together central bankers, finance ministers, academics, and financial market participants from around the world to discuss important economic issues

• Symposium focuses on a specific economic theme each year.

--> Impact of tech giants on the economy (2018)

--> Financial stability after the global recession (2016), and

--> Structural shifts in the global economy (2023)

Reading recommendations

Indian Express 📰

1. Don’t control the Rupee (Editorial)
(GS3: Economics)

2. Inflation will gradually glide down to 4% but this…..(Economy page)
(GS3: Economics)

3. Heavy rain in Tripura but no role of Dam in Bangla flood (Explained page)
(GS3: Climate and Infra)

4. Keeping an empire alive (Big picture)
(GS1: History & Culture)

The Hindu 🗞️

1. The annual accusation of board marks inflation (Editorial)
(GS2: Social issues)

2. The road to 2047 for Indian agriculture (Editorial)
(GS3: Agricultural economy)

P.S: Utilize the internet to its best. Follow @CSEWhy

Pre note: Follow @CSEWhy Blogs for all insightful & comprehensive updates

🚨 25th August | Sunday 🚨

Pre notes

1. Sanction against prosecution of Civil Servants

• Needed to protect them from undue charges

Reading recommendations

The Hindu 🗞️

1. Assured pensions returns govt. Backtracks on NPS (Front page)
(GS2: Policies)

2. Transition in plants (Question corner)
(GS3: SnT)

3. Why is sanction against prosecution needed? (Editorial)
(GS2: Policies)

4. Why is lateral entry policy under a scrutiny? (Editorial)
(GS2: Policies)

P.S: Do you know about WHYStories??? NO!? Check them here

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🚨 26th August | Monday 🚨

Mains Keywords

1. Sonoluminescence

• A phenomenon where small gas bubbles of liquid emit short bursts of light when subjected to intense sound waves

• Occurs in water/liquids on collapse of a bubble producing flash of light

• Brief light emission (lasts for picoseconds; trillionths of a second)

Pre notes

1. Salt Flat Sinking

• Atacama salt flat sinking 1-2 cm/year due to Lithium extraction

• Li mining needs a large amounts of water → water shortage & contamination, env harm

• Flamingo population impacted!

2. Ramsar sites

• Ramsar Convention since 1971 from Ramsar, Iran

New Ramsar sites in India

1. Nanjarayan Bird Sanctuary
2. Kazhuveli Sanctuary
3. Tawa Reservoir

3. Sundhnúkagígar

• Volcanic eruption in Reykjanes, Iceland (6th eruption since Dec 21)

Mains notes

1. Understand everything about NPS

Reading recommendations

Indian Express 📰

1. On an upward arc (Editorial)
(GS2: IR)

2. One election, Manny question (The ideas page)
(GS2: Policies)


The Hindu 🗞

1. New age gateway devices, the latest health threat (Editorial)
(GS2: Social issues)

2. Tackling the frictions in cross-border payments: a call for innovative solutions (Text&Context)
(GS3: Economics & SnT)

3. Frequent mass wasting in Tibet a cause for worry in India (Science page)
(GS3: Climate)

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