Friends, I have compiled GS1, GS2, GS3, GS4 papers of 2023 UPSC Mains in one PDF.

Download & print this PDF to use it as questions papers for PYQs practice

Recommendation:
• Write GS1 & GS2 on September 23 and GS3 & GS4 on September 24 in real time exam conditions
• Mail your answers to whycse@gmail.com for evaluation.
• Deadline to mail: September 24 11:59pm

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🚨September 19 2023 | Tuesday🚨

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Mains Keywords

1. WoManifesto
A manifesto for women demands

2. Local nano entrepreneurs
- Last mile providers in small shops or local establishments (in context to PM WANI)

3. Digital India Programme 3 main vision areas
a) Connectivity
b) Software and services on demand
c) Digital empowerment of citizens


Quote(s)

• In the way UPI transformed the financial space in India, PM WANI is going to become a unique Digital Public Infrastructure in connectivity

• Democracy has become a great currency of international respect in modern time

• Education must not simply teach work, it must teach life - W E B Du Bots


Reading Recommendations

IE
1. Corridor to a new world (IMEEC)
2. A win-win for all (PM-WANI)
3. China's democracy question (GS2 IR)
4. As Parliament turns 75, story of its backbone- the secretariat (GS2 Parliament)
5. A 27 year journey nears end (beautiful story, must read timeline)


PS: Download all GS Papers of 2023 in one PDF from here

Possible impacts of PM Trudeau’s admission

• PM Netanyahu 🇮🇱 will hail PM Modi
• President Xi 🇨🇳 will wake up cautious
• President Putin 🇷🇺 will flex strongman arms
• POTUS Biden 🇺🇸 will embrace leader of Global South

…and 🇵🇰 ? 😂😂

🇨🇦 handed big geopolitics win to 🇮🇳immediately after G20 🙃

I had predicted 15 days ago that special session can be for women reservation 😄 (Tweet from September 05)

Kal ki subah vishal hai.

Kuch naya karne ja rha hu.
Kuch naya seekhne ja rha hu.

Stay tuned. Bana rahe hai kuch naya aur badhiya


Translation:

It’s a big day tomorrow

Going to do and learn something new.

Stay tuned. I’m creating something new and big. ❤️💪🏻

New Indian Parliament saw every MP getting a copy of holy constitution.

Just got my hands on one! 😄

Time to take CSEWhy to next level. Big news coming soon 😍💪🏻

Friends, if you’re writing GS papers as practice tests, I’ll help you evaluate them.💪🏻

Write them in exam conditions and email them to whycse@gmail.com for feedback.

Will positively get every copy checked

Download the Questions papers from the quoted text 😁

Deadline: September 30, 2023

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🚨September 20 2023 | Wednesday🚨

Mains Keywords

1. Green Nudges
• Gentle persuasions to influence environment friendly behaviour
• See these as interventions to influence choices in an order to make decisions without restricting choices available to people
• Example:
- Showing people water they saved by taking shorter shower
- Setting printer to double sided printing by default
- Zomato/Swiggy encourage avoiding plastic cutlery while allowing it, still.

Govt. Initiatives

1. Bima Sugam
• Name suggests: making insurance easy
• One stop destination for insurance needs
• Paperless mechanism to settle the claims by acting as a central database with policy number as ID
• Hailed as UPI moment for insurance sector

Quote(s)

• Women belong in all places where decisions are being made - Ruth Bader Ginsburg


Reading Recommendations

IE
1. The future is Eurasia

TH
1. The mantras that powered success at G20 summit
2. Simultaneous polls: do States have a say? (Hard to summarize in a text, read whole; imp.)


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🚨September 21 2023 | Thursday🚨


Pre related🗒

1. Statue of Oneness
• Set up at Ekta Dham, Omkareshwar in MP
• 108 ft tall statue of Adi Shankaracharya

Quote(s)💭

• “The success of Chandrayan 3 is not just India’s alone but it belongs to all of humanity" - PM Modi


Reading Recommendations🗞

IE
1. Kota's failed promise (imp read)
2. An unclear road ahead
3. Over 42% of Indian graduates under 25 are unemployed (pg15)
4. Why NGT has banned cruise ships in MP water bodies (read for awareness)
5. Before quota, delimitation (read this to learn how flow of an informative essay shall be decided)

TH
1. Taking a giant leap for a new ethics in outer space (GS4 Ethics)
2. Three years of Abraham Accord (Focus on Youth, culture & connectivity aspects for India)
3. An ancient landmass broke-up, giving us pink diamonds (read slowly, especially the latter part)
4. Plant eating dinosaur fossil found in RJ (read just for awareness)


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Note: Page 11 of The Hindu is a masterpiece today

🚨September 22 2023 | Friday🚨

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Mains Keys🗝
(Use as example in the mains answers)

1. Govt launches AI chatbot for PM-Kisan scheme (GS3 SnT & Agri)


Stats📈

1. On Ethanol
• 20% blending aimed by FY25-26
• 1100 crore litres demand by 2025 expected


Reading Recommendations🗞

IE
1. Delhi need not choose (GS2 Multilateral institutions: Read for role of BRICS & Way forward for India)
2. Changing how we move (Imp article on Ethanol)
3. One election, many solutions (shares pros, add to your ONOE notes)
4. India-Canada standoff (read the boxed and agri imports; a rough read works)


TH
1. A light-bulb moment for the Indian fan market (note 4 pointers on what to do to kickstart 'ceiling fans' market)
2. Propelling India’s development the right way (can add pointers to the notes)
3. Tracking India's growth trajectory (imp)


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🚨September 23 2023 | Saturday🚨

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Mains Keywords✍🏼

1. Musth
A phase in elephants when they are aggressive and behave in a violent manner potentially leading to self harm


Mains Key🗝
(Use these as examples in GS)

1. Trans clinic in Delhi (GS1: Society)
2. Robot Xiao AI at Asian Games to assist in currency exchange and other things (GS3: SnT, Robotics)


Pre related📄

1. Revise Assam rifles here


Reading Recommendations🗞

IE
1. Prachanda, the US and China (GS2: IR)
2. Pilot trouble: Akasa's turbulence (read to understand wide issues in aviation industry for GS3)
3. In with the world (India in JP Morgan Govt Bond Indexing implications)

TH
1. India and the great power contest in West Asia (Imp)
2. A clear message to industry on dispute resolution (GS2: Aspects of governance)


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3 years in prep and still don't remember UPSC GS syllabus! 🤯

Came across such an aspirant today.

DO NOT BE THIS ASPIRANT. Do this instead👇🏼

• Download syllabus & paste it on your study wall
• Revise it daily first thing in the morning

Click here to download the syllabus PDF

Note: [GS2 IR] China wants Arunachal and Aksai Chin for ...show more

🚨September 24 2023 | Sunday🚨

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Mains Keywords✍🏼

1. Ephemerals
- Plants species that bloom only in monsoon
- These serve as indicator of ample water and soil in ecosystem
- Flowers serve as important source of nectar and pollen for native pollinators

2. Global Debt
Borrowings of governments, businesses and individuals; all combined

3. Inflating away of debt
- A phenomenon wherein central bank of country uses freshly created currency to pay off outstanding government debt, either directly or indirectly.
- eg: by purchasing govt. bonds in the market


Pre related📄

1. Shahabhagi Dhan Rive variety
- A variety from Odisha
- Brought major change in rainfed areas
- Swati Nayak aka Bihana Didi (Seed sister) won Norman Borlaug aware for its development

2. Places in news:

- Kaobal Gali-­Mushkoh Valley:
2 places of Kashmir now to be connected. Mushkoh was out of bounds of civilians; will now be connected

- Europa, Jupiter's Moon
Evidences of Carbon Dioxide found here

3. Tribe in News
Lambadas of Telangana with roots in Rajasthan


Reading Recommendations🗞

TH
1. Richness of human milk [Imp]
2. What are the reasons for rise of global debt? [read for GS3]
3. Why have India-Canada tensions worsened? [read for clarity on issue]
4. Tentacles of Khalistan [GS3 Internal Security]


PS: Get model answers for entire UPSC Mains 2023 Sociology Paper 1 here

Note: Get the Daily CA Compilation access in one place from point no. 2 of the pinned message

🚨September 25 2023 | Monday🚨

Read real story of why China wants Aksai Chin & Arunachal on my blog here


Mains Keywords✍🏼

1. Surety Bond
Insurance Policy protecting parties involved in a transaction/contract from potential financial losses.

2. Multiple Entry Multiple Exit (MEME)
• Greater attention to life aspirations and greater flexibility of students

3. Galactic tides
• Tides like formation in the galaxies
• Caused by gravitational forces within a galaxy arising in interactions between celestial objects
• Influence various aspects of galaxy's evolution from reshaping to disruption


Mains Keys🗝
(Use as examples in GS answers)

1. Aadhar unreliable in hot-humid India


Pre related📄

1. US to give diplomatic recognition to Cook Islands & NIUE, 2 island countries in Pacific


Quote(s) 💭
• When the well is dry, we know the worth of the water - Benjamin Franklin


Reading Recommendations🗞

IE
1. NEET eligibility percentile now zero (read to understand the issue)
2. September Rain relief (GS3 Agri & irrigation)
3. The inclusion test (GS1: Role of women; note the stats)
4. Not just oil (GS2: IR; note areas where we can collab with Saudi)
5. New eastern route to handle cargo shipments b/w India-Russia pg11 (GS2 IR & Trade)

TH
1. An economic corridor, the Israel link and the geopolitics [GS2: IR]
2. Taking India back to the drawing board [Interesting perspective]
3. Fukushima N-wastewater controversy [read the gist]
4. How the rising influence of ethnic Indians causes frictions in India­Canada ties? [GS2 Diaspora]
5. The story of how scientists found that our ancestors almost went extinct [GS3 SnT: Read to find how genome sequencing & science is used to evaluate fossils and other elements]


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Hoysala Temples in UNESCO heritage list

(marked imp. pointers in the clip)

• Known for rare beauty and finesse of wall sculptures
• "Art which applies to stone to stone the technique of the ivory worker or the goldsmith"
• Added to UNESCO list for superior skill and tale that they narrate of their times
• Amalgamation of Dravida, Vesra and Nagara style of temples
• Built on star shape base, these temples have signs of those who built these

Hoysalas
• Ruled parts of modern day Karnataka from 10-14th century
• Belur and Halebidu (2 cities where temples are) served as capital of Hoysalas

3 temples are:
• Chennakeshava Temple (Belur)
- Dedicated to Lord Vishnu by King Vishnuvardhan

• Hoysaleshwara Temple (Halebidu)
- Largest Shiva temple built by Hoysalas

• Keshava temple in Somanathapura
- Built by a general of a Hoysala king

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🚨September 26 2023 | Tuesday🚨

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Quote(s)💭

• You are what you eat eats - Michael Pollan
• Coffee is a unifying force that can bring countries together

Pre related📄

1. OSIRIS-REx
• A robotic spacecraft whose robotic arm brough back sample from Asteroid Bennu
• Bennu is an asteroid discovered in 1999
- A relic of early solar system as its chemistry and mineralogy are nearly unchanged since formation
- Holds clues about origins & development of rocky planets such as Earth
- May even contain organic molecules similar to those needed for emergence of microbes

2. Places in news

- Scarborough Shoal
A rocky outcrop 200km from Philippines in South China Sea and site of flare ups over sovereignty and fishing rights with China


Reading Recommendations🗞

IE
1. A to Z of GDP (good discussion here)
2. Woman, moment, nation (a recap of women in politics imp for GS1)
3. In bid to resurrect 'stitched' ship, a recall of India's vibrant maritime past (GS1: Culture, GS2 IR)
4. Trends in India's labour market (take a rough look at the trends)
5. What WHO report on hypertension says about India (read through once for awareness just)

TH
1. Children, a key yet missed demographic in AI regulation (Intersection of tech and policy)
2. G20 diplomacy and changing world order (post G20 review)
3. Findings of parliamentary panel on NEP (start with reading gist)
4. The Cauvery water conundrum (read slowly)
5. Why NE can't be treated as a single homogenous entity? (NE info)


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🚨September 27 2023 | Wednesday🚨

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Mains Keywords✍🏼

1. Copyright

Right by law to creators of literary, dramatic, musical and artistic work and producers of cinematograph films and sound recordings; governed by Copyright Act 1957 in India

2. Challenges in Indo Pacific region (as per Army Chief)

Territorial disputes and terror threats [GS2 IR]


Pre related📄

1. Balsams
• Pink & touch-me-not Flowers from Munnar


Quote(s)💭

• Data is the snake oil that keeps the mysticism of computational networks as robust decision-making bodies intact


Reading Recommendations🗞

IE
1. Other nations, other polls (Examples from across the globe on ONOE)
2. 63% cancer deaths of Indian women were preventable (pg13)
3. Political issue of delimitation (V. Imp read)
4. Goa's new beach shack policy, why owners are opposed to it (read for awareness)

TH
1. With climate change, tackling new disease scenarios (read for connection b/w two)
2. Tackling the various myths within the field of microbiome research
3. Nepal says ‘no’ to China’s Security Initiative (pg18)
4. India is running out of phosphorus; does the answer lie in our sewage? [MOST IMP. ARTICLE TODAY; Make a 1 page note]


PS: Trying to keep up with 10am deadline amidst work. React ❤️ to appreciate my effort! :)

Note: Delhi Meetup of @CSEWhyBookClub on October 1, 2023.

🚨September 28 2023 | Thursday🚨

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Mains Keywords✍🏼

1. Kafala system

• An exploitative labour system in gulf countries where migrant worker is tied to their employer
• Makes it difficult for workers to leave job, change employer
• Increases risk of forced labor and modern-day slavery

2. Quantum Supremacy

• Ability of a quantum computer to solve problems faster than classical computer


Pre related📄

• Code of Jewar airport: DXN (Delhi, X for connectivity (with) Noida)


Quote(s)💭

• Diplomacy is like jazz: endless variations on theme - Richard Holbrooke


Reading Recommendations🗞

IE
1. Humans carry DNA from extinct cousins like Neanderthals (GS2 Society, GS3 SnT)
2. On ASEAN's Plate (GS2 IR)
3. Who's afraid of elections (GS2 Polity)
4. Cancer's gender problem (note stats and develop awareness)
5. MPs code of conduct undecided (GS2 Polity)

TH
1. From women's reservation to gender equality
2. When India-Canada ties were reset (start with reading the gist)
3. Why are tigers dying in Nilgiris district (read gist)
4. India ageing, elderly to make up 20% of population by 2050: UNFPA report


PS: Come, join us on October 1 for fun games, meeting new people and read books, together: @CSEWhyBookClub

Note: Read a beautiful MS Swaminathan's story compiling all major newspaper articles here

🚨September 29 2023 | Friday🚨

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Mains Keywords✍🏼

1. First responder
India's credentials towards Maldives

2. Dummy schools
A concept where one just takes an admission but visits only to write exams. In practice among JEE/NEET aspirants

3. Stone Ghost
A secret intelligence sharing database of five eyes alliance

4. Monoclonal antibodies
- Lab made proteins to mimic antibody behaviour protecting against diseases and foreign substances.
- These are specifically designed to target certain antigens


Pre related📄

1. Toto
A language of people living in Bengal near Bhutan; written in Bengali script

2. Dadasaheb Phalke Award
• Given for outstanding contribution to growth and development of Indian cinema
• Since 1969 and named after father of Indian cinema Dhundiraj Govind Phalke
• Dadasaheb's debut film Raja Harishchandra was India's first full length feature film
• The award gives a golden lotus medallion, a shawl and ₹10,00,000/-
• Actress Devika Rani was the first winner; Waheeda Rahman is the latest winner


Quote(s)💭

• If agriculture goes wrong, nothing else will have a chance to go right - MS Swaminathan


Reading Recommendations🗞

1. Reform can address India’s kidney transplant deficit (read to develop understanding)
2. Should generative Artificial Intelligence be regulated? (IMP)
3. Inside the digital world of cookies (read for understanding)
4. Page 13, MS Swaminathan
5. Nipah virus outbreak: What are monoclonal antibodies? (GS3 SnT)

IE
1. Man of science & humanity (Focus on last block)
2. Parliament to workplace (good insights)
3. How are airports coded? (read for awareness)
4. Maldives elections and India (read to know about pro/anti India players)





PS: Bookclub Meetup on October 2 2023 in ORN from 04:30-06:30 pm. Register here to get an invite