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🛡️ *Saraswati River*

♟️The river is mentioned over 80 times in the Rigveda and is believed to have dried up more than 5,000 years ago due to climatic and tectonic shifts.
♟️It originated in the Himalayas and flowed through Haryana, Rajasthan, North Gujarat, and Pakistan before reaching the Gulf at the Western Sea, spanning approximately 4,000 km.
♟️The river had two branches—western and eastern—that joined at Shatrana, 25 km south of Patiala.
♟️The western branch, represented by the ancient Satluj, flowed through the channels of the present-day Ghaggar-Patialiwali rivulets.
♟️The eastern branch, supported by the Markanda and Sarsuti rivers, is now known as the Tons-Yamuna rivers.
*Correct order to river from North to South*

*Trick:-* " I am JhaCass Respected BosS "

♟️I : Indus
♟️J : Jehlum
♟️C : Chenab
♟️R : Ravi
♟️B : Beas
♟️S : Satluj
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*🛡️Nehru Report: Key Highlights (1928)*

♟️Dominion Status within the British Empire with a parliamentary system
♟️Bicameral legislature: A Senate and a House of Representatives
♟️Governor-General to act solely on the advice of the Executive Council
♟️Federal structure, with residuary powers resting with the Centre
♟️No separate electorates for minorities to curb communal divisions
♟️No communal weightage system to be applied in any province
♟️No reserved seats for Muslims in Punjab and Bengal; only in select provinces if necessary
♟️Judiciary to remain independent of Executive interference
♟️Muslim representation at the Centre to be fixed at 25%
♟️Sindh to be separated from Bombay Presidency, if financially viable
♟️Political reforms to extend to the North-West Frontier Province (NWFP)
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*🛡️Council of Ministers in states*

♟️In a Parliamentary form of government, the council of ministers headed by the Chief Minister is the executive authority.

♟️The states under the Indian constitution are organised on the pattern as that of
the centre.

♟️The Council of Ministers in the state is a replica of the council of Ministers at the centre.

♟️They resemble in formation, function and role in the administration.

♟️The constitution provides a broad and general view of the principles of Parliamentary system of Government in Article 163 and Article 164 .

♟️Council of ministers are there to aid and advise the Governor of the state in various matters.

♟️In a Parliamentary form of government, the council of ministers headed by the Chief Minister is the executive authority.

♟️The states under the Indian constitution are organised on the pattern as that of
the centre.

♟️The Council of Ministers in the state is a replica of the council of Ministers at the centre.

♟️They resemble in formation, function and role in the administration.

♟️The constitution provides a broad and general view of the principles of Parliamentary system of Government in Article 163 and Article 164 .

♟️Council of ministers are there to aid and advise the Governor of the state in various matters.

*Support our Efforts with your 👍❤️*
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*AI Impact Summit 2026*

🇮🇳 India hosts the AI Impact Summit 2026 in New Delhi, marking the first time a major Global South nation leads a global dialogue on Artificial Intelligence, highlighting inclusive and human-centric technological governance.

*✏️ Theme highlighted:* “Artificial Intelligence is a tribute to human intellectual power” — Emerges as a high-probability Essay topic for UPSC Mains 2026 and upcoming years, linking technology, ethics, human creativity, and the future of governance.
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🇮🇳 *India–AI Impact Summit 2026*
Welfare for All, Happiness of All
🗓 16-20 February 2026

🌍 Over 20 Heads of State, 60 Ministers, and 500 Global AI Leaders have gathered in New Delhi for the India–AI Impact Summit 2026.

🧭 The Summit is anchored in three foundational pillars, or ‘Sutras’: People, Planet, and Progress.

🚀 The India AI Impact Expo is expected to feature 300+ exhibitors from 30 countries across 10+ thematic pavilions.

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