Environmental Impact Assessment or EIA is the process or study which
▪️predicts the effect of a proposed industrial/infrastructural project on the environment.
▪️prevents the proposed activity/project from being approved without proper oversight or taking adverse consequences into account.
▪️compares various alternatives for a project and seeks to identify the one which represents the best combination of economic and environmental costs and benefits.
▪️predicts the effect of a proposed industrial/infrastructural project on the environment.
▪️prevents the proposed activity/project from being approved without proper oversight or taking adverse consequences into account.
▪️compares various alternatives for a project and seeks to identify the one which represents the best combination of economic and environmental costs and benefits.
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Coal Gasification is one of the clean coal technologies and involves the process of converting coal into synthesis gas/ syngas.
• Syngas is a mixture of hydrogen (H2), carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2).
• The by-products of coal gasification include coke, coal tar, sulfur, ammonia and fly ash, all having their own potential uses.
• CO2 and ammonia are further reacted to produce urea.
• Syngas can also be used in a variety of other applications such as in the production of electricity, fuel for IC engines, making plastics, cement etc
• Syngas is a mixture of hydrogen (H2), carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2).
• The by-products of coal gasification include coke, coal tar, sulfur, ammonia and fly ash, all having their own potential uses.
• CO2 and ammonia are further reacted to produce urea.
• Syngas can also be used in a variety of other applications such as in the production of electricity, fuel for IC engines, making plastics, cement etc
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#Food_Preservatives are substances added to food to prevent or slow down spoilage and maintain natural colours and flavours.
Two reasons for food spoilage
• Microbial contamination
• Fats reacting with oxygen (oxidation)
Preservative criteria
• Non-toxic
• Functional
• Flavourless
• Economical
Sorbic acid - It is a food preservative which protects many food varieties from yeast and mold spoilage. It is an organic compound, with naturally strong antimicrobial capabilities.
Sodium benzoate - It is a food preservative commonly used in fruit pies, jams, beverages, salads, foods with acidic pH.
It is used in processed foods to prevent the growth of bacteria or fungus that could spoil the food.
Citric Acid - Its acidic pH makes it useful as a food preservative and preserves the color of the food since it significantly slows the oxidation.
Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is not a food preservative.
It is a food additive, which is used as a flavour enhancer commonly added to Chinese food, canned vegetables, soups and processed meats.
Two reasons for food spoilage
• Microbial contamination
• Fats reacting with oxygen (oxidation)
Preservative criteria
• Non-toxic
• Functional
• Flavourless
• Economical
Sorbic acid - It is a food preservative which protects many food varieties from yeast and mold spoilage. It is an organic compound, with naturally strong antimicrobial capabilities.
Sodium benzoate - It is a food preservative commonly used in fruit pies, jams, beverages, salads, foods with acidic pH.
It is used in processed foods to prevent the growth of bacteria or fungus that could spoil the food.
Citric Acid - Its acidic pH makes it useful as a food preservative and preserves the color of the food since it significantly slows the oxidation.
Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is not a food preservative.
It is a food additive, which is used as a flavour enhancer commonly added to Chinese food, canned vegetables, soups and processed meats.
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#SargassoSea is a region of the Atlantic Ocean bounded by 4 ocean currents forming an ocean gyre.
1) Gulf Stream on the west
2) North Atlantic Drift on the north
3) Canary Current on the east
4) North Atlantic Equatorial Current on the south
Unlike all other seas, it has no land boundaries. It is the only sea in the world which has no coast. It is distinguished from other parts of the Atlantic Ocean by its characteristic brown seaweed called Sargassum and often calm blue water.
Sargasso Sea is famous for its floating seaweed that covers large swathes of ocean. But it also boasts an astounding wealth of biodiversity that has earned it the nickname "The Floating Rainforest of the Sea."
The four ocean currents together forming a clockwise-circulating system of ocean currents termed the North Atlantic Gyre. Bermuda is near the western fringes of the sea.
The four ocean currents deposit the marine plants and refuse which they are carrying into this sea, yet the ocean water in the Sargasso Sea is distinctive for its deep blue color and exceptional clarity, with underwater visibility of up to 61m
1) Gulf Stream on the west
2) North Atlantic Drift on the north
3) Canary Current on the east
4) North Atlantic Equatorial Current on the south
Unlike all other seas, it has no land boundaries. It is the only sea in the world which has no coast. It is distinguished from other parts of the Atlantic Ocean by its characteristic brown seaweed called Sargassum and often calm blue water.
Sargasso Sea is famous for its floating seaweed that covers large swathes of ocean. But it also boasts an astounding wealth of biodiversity that has earned it the nickname "The Floating Rainforest of the Sea."
The four ocean currents together forming a clockwise-circulating system of ocean currents termed the North Atlantic Gyre. Bermuda is near the western fringes of the sea.
The four ocean currents deposit the marine plants and refuse which they are carrying into this sea, yet the ocean water in the Sargasso Sea is distinctive for its deep blue color and exceptional clarity, with underwater visibility of up to 61m
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List of countries by length of coastline
1) Canada's coastline is world's longest, measuring 202,080 km (includes the mainland coast and the coasts of offshore islands)
2) Indonesia (99,083 km)
3) Norway (58,133 km)
4) Greenland* (44,087 km)
5) Russia (37,653 km)
6) Philippines (36,289 km)
7) Japan (29,751 km)
8) Australia (25,760 km)
9) United States (19,924 km)
10) Antarctica* (17,968 km)
11) New Zealand (15, 134 km)
12) China (14,500 km)
13) Greece (13,676 km)
14) United Kingdom (12,429 km)
15) Mexico (9330 km)
16) Italy (7782 km)
17) India (7516km)
https://t.me/cseupscnotes
1) Canada's coastline is world's longest, measuring 202,080 km (includes the mainland coast and the coasts of offshore islands)
2) Indonesia (99,083 km)
3) Norway (58,133 km)
4) Greenland* (44,087 km)
5) Russia (37,653 km)
6) Philippines (36,289 km)
7) Japan (29,751 km)
8) Australia (25,760 km)
9) United States (19,924 km)
10) Antarctica* (17,968 km)
11) New Zealand (15, 134 km)
12) China (14,500 km)
13) Greece (13,676 km)
14) United Kingdom (12,429 km)
15) Mexico (9330 km)
16) Italy (7782 km)
17) India (7516km)
https://t.me/cseupscnotes
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Forwarded from CSAT Mathematics, Arithmetic, Apptitute, Reasoning. Mathematics for All. UPSC CSAT CAT MAT
Question: Number of times digit 5 will appear in writing numbers from 1 to 1000?
Anonymous Quiz
20%
A. 299
36%
B. 300
31%
C. 301
13%
D.298
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Forwarded from CSAT Mathematics, Arithmetic, Apptitute, Reasoning. Mathematics for All. UPSC CSAT CAT MAT
Which of the statements is/are correct?
In a party, out of 100 participants, 70 are Indians. If 60 of the total participants are vegetarian, then
1. At least 30 Indian participants are vegetarian. 2. At least 10 Indian participants are non-vegetarian.
In a party, out of 100 participants, 70 are Indians. If 60 of the total participants are vegetarian, then
1. At least 30 Indian participants are vegetarian. 2. At least 10 Indian participants are non-vegetarian.
Anonymous Quiz
12%
A. Only 1
25%
B. Only 2
54%
C. Both are correct
9%
D. Neither 1 Nor 2
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Forwarded from CSAT Mathematics, Arithmetic, Apptitute, Reasoning. Mathematics for All. UPSC CSAT CAT MAT
A man walks down the backside of his house straight 25 metres, then turns to right & walks 50 metres again; then he turns towards left and again walks 25 metres. If his house faces to the East, what is his direction from the starting point? CSE 2020
Anonymous Quiz
32%
a. North West
36%
b. North East
25%
c South West
7%
d South East
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🔆Directive Principles Of State policy DPSP
✅ The constitution of India aims to establish not only political democracy but
also socioeconomic justice to the people to establish a welfare state.
✅These provisions are given in Part IV of Indian Constitution.
✅ Directive Principles of state policy are in the form of instructions to the governments at the centre as well as states.
✅Though these principles are non justiciable, they are fundamental in the governance of the country.
✅ The idea of the Directive Principles of State Policy has been taken from the
Irish Republic .
✅The Directive Principles of State policy were incorporated in our constitution in order to provide economic justice and to avoid concentration of wealth in the hands of few people.
✅ The constitution covers from Article 36 to 51 as Directive Principles of State
Policy.
✅They are unique blend of socialistic, liberal, democratic and Gandhian Principles.
✅ They describe as the ‘conscience of the constitution’.
✅ In the “State of Tamil Nadu etc. Vs L.Abu Kavur Bai” case in 1984 , the Supreme court held that although directive principles of State Policy are not enforceable, yet the court should not avoid them
✅ The constitution of India aims to establish not only political democracy but
also socioeconomic justice to the people to establish a welfare state.
✅These provisions are given in Part IV of Indian Constitution.
✅ Directive Principles of state policy are in the form of instructions to the governments at the centre as well as states.
✅Though these principles are non justiciable, they are fundamental in the governance of the country.
✅ The idea of the Directive Principles of State Policy has been taken from the
Irish Republic .
✅The Directive Principles of State policy were incorporated in our constitution in order to provide economic justice and to avoid concentration of wealth in the hands of few people.
✅ The constitution covers from Article 36 to 51 as Directive Principles of State
Policy.
✅They are unique blend of socialistic, liberal, democratic and Gandhian Principles.
✅ They describe as the ‘conscience of the constitution’.
✅ In the “State of Tamil Nadu etc. Vs L.Abu Kavur Bai” case in 1984 , the Supreme court held that although directive principles of State Policy are not enforceable, yet the court should not avoid them
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Push factors from countryside
Land shortage owing to inheritance laws,
sub-division of land and population pressure.
Unemployment in agriculture.
Poverty and crop failure.
Debts in rural areas, especially among tenant farmers.
Natural disasters.
Poor medical facilities.
Lack of educational opportunities.
Poor transport, housing, water, electricity, and sewage disposal.
Traditional way of life with limited social facilities for young people
Land shortage owing to inheritance laws,
sub-division of land and population pressure.
Unemployment in agriculture.
Poverty and crop failure.
Debts in rural areas, especially among tenant farmers.
Natural disasters.
Poor medical facilities.
Lack of educational opportunities.
Poor transport, housing, water, electricity, and sewage disposal.
Traditional way of life with limited social facilities for young people
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West flowing river
"SAMANTA" are west flowing rivers
SA- SABARMATI
MA-MAHI
N- Narmada
TA-Tapti
@UPSCPrelimsGuidance
"SAMANTA" are west flowing rivers
SA- SABARMATI
MA-MAHI
N- Narmada
TA-Tapti
@UPSCPrelimsGuidance
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✅ Open Market Operation (OMO) means buying and selling of government securities in the open market by the central bank of a country (RBI in India).
•When the central bank wants to infuse liquidity into the monetary system, it will buy government securities in the open market. This way it provides commercial banks with liquidity.
•In contrast, when it sells securities, it curbs liquidity.
• Thus, the central bank indirectly controls the money supply and influences short-term interest rates.
•When the central bank wants to infuse liquidity into the monetary system, it will buy government securities in the open market. This way it provides commercial banks with liquidity.
•In contrast, when it sells securities, it curbs liquidity.
• Thus, the central bank indirectly controls the money supply and influences short-term interest rates.
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2 Types of Open Market Operations by RBI
1. Outright Purchase (PEMO) – this is permanent and involves the outright selling or buying of government securities.
2.Repurchase Agreement (REPO) – this is short-term and are subject to repurchase.
1. Outright Purchase (PEMO) – this is permanent and involves the outright selling or buying of government securities.
2.Repurchase Agreement (REPO) – this is short-term and are subject to repurchase.
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Ethics/Values in Public Relationships
The importance of articulating ethics and the values that define and underpin the public service, cannot be underscored. This is seen as critical to providing both public officials and the public with a common frame of reference regarding the principles and standards to be applied and in assisting public officials to develop an appreciation of the ethical issues involved in effective and efficient public service delivery.
An example of the importance attached to the above-mentioned ethical principles is found in the “Seven Principles of Public Life” by the Nolan Committee in the United Kingdom. (this can be applied to other public relationship)
Nolan’s Seven Principles of Public Life:
Selflessness – Holders of public office should act solely in terms of the public interest. They should not do so in order to gain financial or other benefits for themselves, their family or their friends.
Integrity – Holders of public office should not place themselves under any financial or other obligation to outside individuals or organisations that might seek to influence them in the performance of their official duties.
Objectivity – In carrying out public business, including making public appointments, awarding contracts, or recommending individuals for rewards and benefits, holders of public office should make choices on merit.
Accountability – Holders of public office are accountable for their decisions and actions to the public and must submit themselves to whatever scrutiny is appropriate to their office.
Openness – Holders of public office should be as open as possible about all the decisions and actions they take. They should give reasons for their decisions and restrict information only when the wider public interest clearly demands.
Honesty – Holders of public office have a duty to declare any private interests relating to their public duties and to take steps to resolve any conflicts arising in a way that protects the public interest.
Leadership – Holders of public office should promote and support these principles by leadership and example.
The importance of articulating ethics and the values that define and underpin the public service, cannot be underscored. This is seen as critical to providing both public officials and the public with a common frame of reference regarding the principles and standards to be applied and in assisting public officials to develop an appreciation of the ethical issues involved in effective and efficient public service delivery.
An example of the importance attached to the above-mentioned ethical principles is found in the “Seven Principles of Public Life” by the Nolan Committee in the United Kingdom. (this can be applied to other public relationship)
Nolan’s Seven Principles of Public Life:
Selflessness – Holders of public office should act solely in terms of the public interest. They should not do so in order to gain financial or other benefits for themselves, their family or their friends.
Integrity – Holders of public office should not place themselves under any financial or other obligation to outside individuals or organisations that might seek to influence them in the performance of their official duties.
Objectivity – In carrying out public business, including making public appointments, awarding contracts, or recommending individuals for rewards and benefits, holders of public office should make choices on merit.
Accountability – Holders of public office are accountable for their decisions and actions to the public and must submit themselves to whatever scrutiny is appropriate to their office.
Openness – Holders of public office should be as open as possible about all the decisions and actions they take. They should give reasons for their decisions and restrict information only when the wider public interest clearly demands.
Honesty – Holders of public office have a duty to declare any private interests relating to their public duties and to take steps to resolve any conflicts arising in a way that protects the public interest.
Leadership – Holders of public office should promote and support these principles by leadership and example.
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Caspian sea bordering countries:
Mnemonic: TARIK(DATE)
A: Azerbaijan
R: Russia
T: Turkmenistan
I: Iran
K: Kazakhstan
Mnemonic: TARIK(DATE)
A: Azerbaijan
R: Russia
T: Turkmenistan
I: Iran
K: Kazakhstan
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🔆List of Revolutions in the various field in India :
✅Black Revolution : Petroleum.
✅Production Blue Revolution : Fish.
✅Production Brown Revolution : Leather/non-conventional (India)/Cocoa production.
✅Golden Fibre Revolution : Jute Production.
✅Golden Revolution : Fruits/Overall Horticulture development/Honey Production.
✅Green Revolution : Food grains.
✅Grey Revolution : Fertilizer.
✅Pink Revolution : Onion production/ Pharmaceutical (India)/Prawn production.
✅Red Revolution : Meat and Tomato Production.
✅Round Revolution : Potato Silver.
✅Fiber Revolution : Cotton.
✅Silver Revolution : Egg/Poultry Production.
✅White Revolution (In India: Operation Flood) : Milk/Dairy production .
✅Yellow Revolution : Oil Seeds production .
✅Evergreen Revolution : Overall development of Agriculture.
✅Rainbow Revolution : agriculture, horticulture, forestry, sugarcane, fishery, poultry and animal husbandry.
@civilservicesguidance
✅Black Revolution : Petroleum.
✅Production Blue Revolution : Fish.
✅Production Brown Revolution : Leather/non-conventional (India)/Cocoa production.
✅Golden Fibre Revolution : Jute Production.
✅Golden Revolution : Fruits/Overall Horticulture development/Honey Production.
✅Green Revolution : Food grains.
✅Grey Revolution : Fertilizer.
✅Pink Revolution : Onion production/ Pharmaceutical (India)/Prawn production.
✅Red Revolution : Meat and Tomato Production.
✅Round Revolution : Potato Silver.
✅Fiber Revolution : Cotton.
✅Silver Revolution : Egg/Poultry Production.
✅White Revolution (In India: Operation Flood) : Milk/Dairy production .
✅Yellow Revolution : Oil Seeds production .
✅Evergreen Revolution : Overall development of Agriculture.
✅Rainbow Revolution : agriculture, horticulture, forestry, sugarcane, fishery, poultry and animal husbandry.
@civilservicesguidance
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Make In India program designed to transform India into a global manufacturing hub.
✅It contains lot of proposals designed to urge companies — local and foreign — to invest in India and make the country a manufacturing powerhouse.
▪️Sectors covered in Make In India programme
The focus of Make In India programme is on creating jobs and skill enhancement in 25 sectors. These include:
✅Automobiles.
✅Aviation.
✅Chemicals.
✅IT & BPM.
✅Pharmaceuticals.
✅Construction.
✅Defense manufacturing.
✅Electrical machinery.
✅Food processing.
✅Textiles and garments.
✅Ports.
✅Leather.
✅Media and entertainment.
✅Wellness.
✅Mining.
✅Tourism and hospitality.
✅Railways.
✅Automobile components.
✅Renewable energy.
✅Mining.
✅Bio-technology.
✅Space.
✅Thermal power.
✅Roads and highways.
✅Electronics systems
✅It contains lot of proposals designed to urge companies — local and foreign — to invest in India and make the country a manufacturing powerhouse.
▪️Sectors covered in Make In India programme
The focus of Make In India programme is on creating jobs and skill enhancement in 25 sectors. These include:
✅Automobiles.
✅Aviation.
✅Chemicals.
✅IT & BPM.
✅Pharmaceuticals.
✅Construction.
✅Defense manufacturing.
✅Electrical machinery.
✅Food processing.
✅Textiles and garments.
✅Ports.
✅Leather.
✅Media and entertainment.
✅Wellness.
✅Mining.
✅Tourism and hospitality.
✅Railways.
✅Automobile components.
✅Renewable energy.
✅Mining.
✅Bio-technology.
✅Space.
✅Thermal power.
✅Roads and highways.
✅Electronics systems
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Ural Mountains: is range forms part of the conventional boundary between the continents of Europe and Asia @UPSCPRELIMSZONE
Alps are the highest mountain range that lies entirely in Europe. They stretch across eight Alpine countries (from west to east): France, Switzerland, Monaco, Italy, Liechtenstein, Austria, Germany, and Slovenia. @UPSCPRELIMSZONE
• Mont Blanc (French–Italian border) at 4,808 m is the highest mountain in the Alps @UPSCPRELIMSZONE
Foehn is a hot wind which develops on the leeward side of Alps and aids the ripening of grapes. @UPSCPRELIMSZONE
Alps are the highest mountain range that lies entirely in Europe. They stretch across eight Alpine countries (from west to east): France, Switzerland, Monaco, Italy, Liechtenstein, Austria, Germany, and Slovenia. @UPSCPRELIMSZONE
• Mont Blanc (French–Italian border) at 4,808 m is the highest mountain in the Alps @UPSCPRELIMSZONE
Foehn is a hot wind which develops on the leeward side of Alps and aids the ripening of grapes. @UPSCPRELIMSZONE
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Civil Services year-wise Seats
CSE 2011.....910
CSE 2012....998
CSE 2013....1228
CSE 2014....1364
CSE 2015 .....1164
CSE 2016......1079
CSE 2017......980
CSE 2018......782
CSE 2019......896
CSE 2020......796
CSE 2021......712
CSE 2022.... 1011
Join @civilservicesguidance
CSE 2011.....910
CSE 2012....998
CSE 2013....1228
CSE 2014....1364
CSE 2015 .....1164
CSE 2016......1079
CSE 2017......980
CSE 2018......782
CSE 2019......896
CSE 2020......796
CSE 2021......712
CSE 2022.... 1011
Join @civilservicesguidance
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Q-Which one of the following is an artificial lake?
Anonymous Quiz
33%
(a) Kodaikanal (Tamil Nadu)
30%
(b) Kolleru (Andhra Pradesh)
16%
(c) Nainital (Uttarakhand)
21%
(d) Renuka (Himachal Pradesh)
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Montreux Record is a register of wetland sites on the List of Wetlands of International Importance where changes in ecological character have occurred, are occurring, or are likely to occur as a result of technological developments, pollution or other human interference.
Two wetlands of India are in Montreux Record: Keoladeo National Park (Rajasthan) and Loktak Lake (Manipur). Chilka lake (Odisha) was placed in the record but was later removed from it.
Two wetlands of India are in Montreux Record: Keoladeo National Park (Rajasthan) and Loktak Lake (Manipur). Chilka lake (Odisha) was placed in the record but was later removed from it.
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