🌀Forest Report (IFSR) 2021

▪️Key pointer about India :
▫️Total Forest Cover = 21.71%
▫️Total Forest & Tree Cover = 24.62%

▪️Largest Forest Cover ( Area wise):-
1. MP
2.Arunachal Pradesh
3.Chhattisgarh
4.Odisha
5.Maharashtra

▪️Total Forest Cover ( %age of total GA) : Top five States are
▫️Mizoram (84.53%)
▫️Arunachal Pradesh (79.33%)
▫️Meghalaya (76.00%)
▫️Manipur (74.34%)
▫️Nagaland(73.90%)

▪️Total mangrove cover- 4,992 sq km.

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🔴 What is a Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) ?

👉CBDC is a legal tender issued by a central bank in a digital form.

👉 It is similar to a fiat currency issued in paper and is interchangeable with any other fiat currency

🔴 What is the need for CBDC?

👉 the goal is to provide users with convenience and security of digital as well as the regulated, reserve-backed circulation of the traditional banking system.

🔴 What does this change for citizens?

👉 There are several models proposed by technology experts and evangelists on how the Digital Rupee could be transacted but a formal announcement by the Reserve Bank of India will likely detail how the Digital Rupee will be transacted by citizens.

♦️One chief difference will be that a Digital Rupee transaction will be instantaneous as opposed to the current digital payment experience.

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Yearwise CSE/UPSC Civil Services Vacancies

CSE 2015 .....1129
CSE 2016......1079
CSE 2017......980
CSE 2018......782
CSE 2019......896
CSE 2020......796
CSE 2021......712
CSE 2022.... 861

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Basai Wetland

• Located in Gurugram district in Haryana, is a flora and fauna rich water body.

• Recognised as one of India's Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas.

• Basai wetland is recognised globally as an Important Bird Area (IBA) by the BirdLife International.

• Species: White ramped vulture, red head vulture present in the wetland were listed as Critically Endangered in the IUCN red list. @CivilservicesBaba

Blood Groups: ABO

✅ABO grouping is based on the presence or absence of two surface antigens (chemicals that can induce immune response) on the RBCs namely A and B.

✅Similarly, the plasma of different individuals contain two natural antibodies (proteins produced in response to antigens).

✅ABO blood groups are controlled by the gene I. The plasma membrane of the red blood cells has sugar polymers that protrude from its surface and the kind of sugar is controlled by the gene. The gene (I) has three alleles IA, IB and i.

✅The alleles IA and IB produce a slightly different form of the sugar while allele i does not produce any sugar.

✅Because humans are diploid organisms, each person possesses any two of the three I gene alleles.

✅IA and IB are completely dominant over i, in other words when IA and i are present only IA expresses (because i does not produce any sugar), and when IB and i are present IB expresses.

✅But when IA and IB are present together they both express their own types of sugars: this is because of co-dominance. Hence red blood cells have both A and B types of sugars.@civilservicesBaba

Nanotechnology

✅Nanotechnology is the term given to those areas of science and engineering where phenomena that take place at dimensions in the nanometre scale are utilised in the design, characterisation, production and application of materials, structures, devices and systems.

✅Nanotechnology primarily refers to the use and creation of particles that are smaller than 100 nanometre. 

✅The American physicist and Nobel Prize laureate Richard Feynman introduce the concept of nanotechnology in 1959
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Scope of application of nanotechnology in the development process of the country:

Agriculture: Nanotechnology can be used in agriculture and food production in the form of Nano sensors for monitoring crop growth and pest control by early identification of plant diseases. These Nano sensors can help enhance production and improve food safety. With inputs related to water use, fertiliser and pesticides delivered in nanoscale productivity and yield can be increased.

Medical applications: Development of newer drug delivery systems based on nanotechnology methods is being tried for conditions like cancer, diabetes, fungal infections, and viral infections and in gene therapy. Nanotechnology has also found its use in diagnostic medicine as contrast agents, fluorescent dyes and magnetic nanoparticles.

Electronics: The semiconductor industry has been able to improve the performance of electronic systems for more than four decades by downscaling silicon-based devices. Carbon nanomaterials such as one dimensional (1D) carbon nanotubes and two dimensional (2D) graphene have emerged as promising options due to their superior electrical properties which allow for fabrication of faster and more power-efficient electronics.

Textiles and Clothing: Nanotechnology has shown a huge potential in the textile and clothing industry which is normally very traditional. Coating is a common technique used to apply Nano-particles onto textiles. The success of nanotechnology in textile applications lies in areas of durability, flexibility, wash ability and softness. The use of nanotechnology allows textiles to become multifunctional and produce fabrics with special functions, including antibacterial, UV-protection, easy clean, water & stain repellent and anti-odour.

Energy equipment: Nanoscales and nanoporous membranes are being used to facilitate production of biomass fuel. Energy transmission could potentially be made much more efficient by using engineered nanomaterials. Throughout the renewable-energy sector, nanotechnology has the potential to increase process efficiencies and process yields, decrease costs and enable energy processes that would not be attainable any other way.
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Dark Net, Deep Web and Surface Web

✅"Dark net" is commonly confused with "deep web." The deep web refers to unindexed sites which are unsearchable; in most cases, this is because those sites are protected by passwords.

✅Part of the WWW (World Wide Web) which is not indexed by a search engine like Google is Deep Web and it about 500-600 times larger than the surface web.

✅Surface Web -Also called the Visible Web, Indexed Web, Indexable Web or Lightnet -is that portion of the World Wide Web that is readily available to the general public and searchable with standard web search engines. It is the opposite of the deep web. It only constitutes 4-6% of the whole web. @civilservicesBaba