Millet map of India

Join @CSE_EXAM

Timeline of major reform movement

Join @CSE_EXAM

https://regn.hpsc.gov.in/hcsexecutive/site/login

HCS MAINS ADMIT CARD

🔆PANCHAYATI RAJ Introduction

✅Term Panchayati Raj – rural local self-governance
✅ Constitutionalised through 73rd CAA,

▪️ 1992 Evolution of Panchayati Raj

1. Balwant Raj Mehta Committee
✅Recommended scheme for democratic decentralisation
✅Rajasthan was the first state to establish Panchayati Raj – 1959.
✅ Followed by Andhra Pradesh-1959

2. Ashok Mehta Committee
✅ Recommended 132 changes to revive the declining PR system
✅Three tier system of PR – replaced by two tier system – Zila Parishad at district and Mandal Panchayat below it.
✅ District should be first point for decentralisation.
✅PR institutions have compulsory powers of taxation and managing on finances
✅Nyaya panchayats are to be kept separate bodies – preside over by qualified judge.
✅ Minister for PR to be appointed and state answer of ministers.
✅Seats for SC/ST reserved on the basis of population
✅ Could not be implemented due to the collapse of Janata government.

3. GVK Rao Committee
4. L M Singhvi Committee
5. Thungon Committee

6. Gadgil Committee
✅Constituted in 1988 – “how best PR institutions could be made effective”
✅Constitutional status bestowed on PR.
✅Three tier system – Village, block and district levels.
✅Fixed term of five years for members – elected directly – reservation for SC/ST/woman
✅ The state finance commission, State election commission for management

▪️73rd CAA 1992

✅ Part 9 to the Constitution – the Panchayats – Article 243 to 243 O
✅ Landmark in evolution of grassroot democracy.
✅ Salient Features:
a. Gram Sabha
b. Three tier system
c. Election of members and chairperson
d. Version of seats.
e. Duration of Panchayat fixed.
f. Disqualification prescribed.
g. State election commission.
h. Finance commission - audits and accounts.

▪️PESA Act, 1996 Provisions of the Panchayats (extensions to the Scheduled Areas) Act, 1996 - Objectives:

✅ Extend provisions of Part 9 to scheduled areas with certain modifications.
✅ Self-rule for the bulk of tribal population.
✅ Safeguard and preserve traditions and customs of tribal communities.
✅ Empower panchayats for tribal requirement
✅ Provide village governance with participated democracy
Reasons for ineffective performance
1. Of adequate devolution.
2. Excessive control of bureaucracy.
3. Tied nature of funds.
4. Overwhelming dependence on government funding.
5. Status of gram Sabha.
6. Creation of parallel bodies.
7. Poor infrastructure

Join @CSE_EXAM

Day 91: 26 March target:

Science and Technology
Topics:
Space technology
Bio-technology
Defence
Health

Current Affairs: june, july 2023
Related

#UpscRevisionProgram

After completion of target post 'DONE'
In comment section. Targets are decided as per practical approach. In remaining time, you can study whatever you want.
Thank you.


@upsc_answer_written
@CSE_EXAM

#Goodmorning

⏳82 days for CSP24 [ 16-06-24]
⏳ 179 days for CSM24 [ 20-09-24]

⏳ -89 days mppsc pre 2024 ( 23 June 2024)
⏳ -188 days for 70th bpsc prelims (30 sept)

#Target
#TargetOnlyone
#Accountability

India is developing fifth-gen AMCA Fighter Jet will place India in a elite club (US, China, and Russia)

Day 92: 27March target:

Science and Technology
Topics:
Nano-technology
Energy
Health And IT
Governance in field of S&T

Current Affairs: August, September 2023
Related

#UpscRevisionProgram

After completion of target post 'DONE'
In comment section. Targets are decided as per practical approach. In remaining time, you can study whatever you want.
Thank you.


@upsc_answer_written
@CSE_EXAM

List of Deserts in news for Prelims

✅ Tanami Desert
✅ Simpson Desert
✅ Mojave Desert
✅ Sonoran Desert
✅ Gibson Desert
✅ Chihuahuan Desert
✅ Dasht-e Lut Desert
✅ Taklamakan Desert
✅ kalahari desert
✅ Great Victoria Desert

#pre_revision

Join @CSE_EXAM