Frontend Development Interview Questions

Beginner Level

1. What are semantic HTML tags?
2. Difference between id and class in HTML?
3. What is the Box Model in CSS?
4. Difference between margin and padding?
5. What is a responsive web design?
6. What is the use of the <meta viewport> tag?
7. Difference between inline, block, and inline-block elements?
8. What is the difference between == and === in JavaScript?
9. What are arrow functions in JavaScript?
10. What is DOM and how is it used?

Intermediate Level

1. What are pseudo-classes and pseudo-elements in CSS?
2. How do media queries work in responsive design?
3. Difference between relative, absolute, fixed, and sticky positioning?
4. What is the event loop in JavaScript?
5. Explain closures in JavaScript with an example.
6. What are Promises and how do you handle errors with .catch()?
7. What is a higher-order function?
8. What is the difference between localStorage and sessionStorage?
9. How does this keyword work in different contexts?
10. What is JSX in React?


Advanced Level

1. How does the virtual DOM work in React?
2. What are controlled vs uncontrolled components in React?
3. What is useMemo and when should you use it?
4. How do you optimize a large React app for performance?
5. What are React lifecycle methods (class-based) and their hook equivalents?
6. How does Redux work and when should you use it?
7. What is code splitting and why is it useful?
8. How do you secure a frontend app from XSS attacks?
9. Explain the concept of Server-Side Rendering (SSR) vs Client-Side Rendering (CSR).
10. What are Web Components and how do they work?

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Practice projects to consider:

1. Implement a basic search engine: Read a set of documents and build an index of keywords. Then, implement a search function that returns a list of documents that match the query.

2. Build a recommendation system: Read a set of user-item interactions and build a recommendation system that suggests items to users based on their past behavior.

3. Create a data analysis tool: Read a large dataset and implement a tool that performs various analyses, such as calculating summary statistics, visualizing distributions, and identifying patterns and correlations.

4. Implement a graph algorithm: Study a graph algorithm such as Dijkstra's shortest path algorithm, and implement it in Python. Then, test it on real-world graphs to see how it performs.

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💻 Windows 3.1 (29 years old)
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🐧 Debian (31 years old)
🔴 Red Hat Linux (30 years old)
🎮 AmigaOS (34 years old)
🖥️ Xenix (40 years old)
📀 VMS (44 years old)
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🖥️ Unix (54 years old)

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Typical C++ interview questions sorted by experience

Junior:
- What are the key features of object-oriented programming in C++?
- Explain the differences between public, private, and protected access specifiers in C++.
- Distinguish between function overloading and overriding in C++.
- Compare and contrast abstract classes and interfaces in C++.
- Can an interface inherit from another interface in C++?
- Define the static keyword in C++ and its significance.
- Is it possible to override a static method in C++?
- Explain the concepts of polymorphism and inheritance in C++.
- Can constructors be inherited in C++?
- Discuss pass-by-reference and pass-by-value for objects in C++.
- Compare == and .equals for string comparison in C++.
- Explain the purposes of the hashCode() and equals() functions.
- What does the Serializable interface do? How is it related to Parcelable in Android?
- Differentiate between Array and ArrayList in C++. When would you use each?
- Explain the distinction between Integer and int in C++.
- Define ThreadPool and discuss its advantages over using simple threads.
- Differentiate between local, instance, and class variables in C++.

Mid:
- What is reflection in C++?
- Define dependency injection and name a few libraries. Have you used any?
- Explain strong, soft, and weak references in C++.
- Interpret the meaning of the synchronized keyword.
- Can memory leaks occur in C++?
- Is it necessary to set references to null in C++?
- Why is a String considered immutable?
- Discuss transient and volatile modifiers in C++.
- What is the purpose of the finalize() method?
- How does the try{} finally{} block work in C++?
- Explain the difference between object instantiation and initialization.
- Under what conditions is a static block executed in C++?
- Why are generics used in C++?
- Mention some design patterns you are familiar with. Which do you typically use?
- Name some types of testing methodologies in C++.

Senior:
- Explain how std::stoi (string to integer) works in C++.
- What is the "double-check locking" problem, and how can it be solved in C++?
- Differentiate between StringBuffer and StringBuilder in C++.
- How is StringBuilder implemented to avoid the immutable string allocation problem?
- Explain the purpose of the Class.forName method in C++.
- Define Autoboxing and Unboxing in C++.
- What's the difference between Enumeration and Iterator in C++?
- Explain the difference between fail-fast and fail-safe in C++.
- What is PermGen in C++?
- Describe a Java priority queue.
- How is performance influenced by using the same number in different types: Int, Double, and Float?
- Explain the concept of the Java Heap.
- What is a daemon thread?
- Can a dead thread be restarted in C++?

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HTML Interview Questions

1. What is HTML?
2. What does DOCTYPE mean in HTML?
3. Explain the purpose of the <meta> tag.
4. What is the difference between HTML and XHTML?
5. What is semantic HTML?
6. Describe the difference between <div> and <span>.
7. Explain the use of the <canvas> element.
8. What are data attributes in HTML5?
9. What is the purpose of the alt attribute in the <img> tag?
10. How do you create a hyperlink in HTML?
11. What is the purpose of the <head> tag in HTML?
12. Explain the difference between <ol> and <ul> elements.
13. What is the significance of the lang attribute in HTML?
14. What is the purpose of the <form> element in HTML?
15. How does the target attribute work in HTML forms?

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CSS Interview Questions

16. What is CSS and what does it stand for?
17. Explain the difference between inline, block, and inline-block elements.
18. Describe the box model in CSS.
19. What is the purpose of the clear property in CSS?
20. Explain the difference between position: relative; and
position: absolute;.
21. What is the CSS selector specificity and how is it calculated?
22. How can you center an element horizontally and vertically using CSS?
23. Explain the purpose of the float property in CSS.
24. Describe the difference between padding and margin.
25.
How does the display: none; property differ from visibility:
hidden;?
26. What is a CSS preprocessor, and why might you use one?
27. What is the "box-sizing" property in CSS?
28. How do you include external stylesheets in HTML?
29. What is the difference between em and rem units in CSS?
30. How does the z-index property work in CSS?

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