Continuous Learning_Startup & Investment
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We journey together through the captivating realms of entrepreneurship, investment, life, and technology. This is my chronicle of exploration, where I capture and share the lessons that shape our world. Join us and let's never stop learning!
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https://www.ft.com/content/a9a192e3-bfbc-461e-a4f3-112e63d0bb33

AI startups are achieving $1 million in annualized revenue within a median of 11 months after their first sales on Stripe. This is quicker than the 15 months it took for the previous generation of SaaS companies.

Companies that have scaled to over $30 million in annualized revenue have done so in just 20 monthsโ€”five times faster than past SaaS firms.

Due to substantial upfront costs for computing infrastructure needed to train and run AI models, AI startups are under pressure to generate revenue swiftly.

Approximately 56% of AI companies' revenues come from international markets, indicating a strong global appetite for generative AI technologies.

Despite rapid revenue growth, there are concerns about the profitability of AI businesses due to significant operational costs. A Goldman Sachs report noted that current AI winners are no longer capital-light businesses because of the hefty investments required for computing resources.
https://chamath.substack.com/p/deep-dive-is-india-the-next-economic

Deep Dive: Is India the Next Economic Giant?

Around 20 years ago, China experienced a period of unprecedented economic growth and technological advancement. I watched many of my friends invest early in China and achieve remarkable success.

Yet, I didn't make a single investment then. Why?

I didn't feel like I understood China. I couldn't speak the language, I didn't grasp the political landscape, and I felt like an outsider looking in.

When I look at India, I feel entirely different about it. India's democratic ideals align well with those of the United States. Many Indians speak English, which removes the language barrier, and there are favorable conditions for American entrepreneurs and investors to create successful businesses.

Around 2016, when India launched UPI, a few of my friends and I made some bets then. Even though UPI was a huge success, in hindsight, 2016 was too early to invest in India and my bets didnโ€™t pay off. Even though we saw a wave of successful startups like Flipkart and Zomato emerge during that time, in many ways, India's startup ecosystem was still nascent.

Today, India feels very different from how it was in 2016. Even though some of the same fundamental characteristics remain (e.g., the world's largest working-age population, many talented and educated individuals), the tectonic plates of India's economy have shifted significantly in the past eight years, and many of the long-standing obstacles that were holding back India's economic growth have been addressed.

All this to say, through my own experience of investing in India, I realized that focusing on narrow aspects (e.g., momentum of investment in Indian startups) is necessary but insufficient.  It is understanding how the structural pieces of Indiaโ€™s economy fit together that offers the clearest understanding of where Indiaโ€™s economy is today and if itโ€™s the next economic giant.

Many articles have been written about Indiaโ€™s economic potential, but every article I came across, I felt that it was missing this foundational and multi-dimensional approach.

This deep dive builds a foundational understanding of India, from the lens of its economic potential. We will discuss Indiaโ€™s history, governance, demographic profile, technology sector, financial sector, infrastructure, and geopolitical position, to help you understand where India is in its economic development.

We assume the reader has no prior knowledge of India. One of our goals for this deep dive is to come at the subject with the right entry point, so you can develop an enduring perspective that you can build upon over time.
https://www.investchosun.com/m/article.html?contid=2024100280125

YK๋Š” 2020๋…„ ๋ฒ•์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•œ ํ›„ ๋ณธ๊ฒฉ์ ์ธ ํ™•์žฅ ๊ถค๋„์— ๋“ค์–ด์„ฐ๋‹ค. ์ง€๋ฐฉ ์ฃผ์š” ์ง€์ ์˜ ๋กœํŽŒ์„ ์•„์šฐ๋ฅด๊ณ  YK ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ๊ฑธ๊ณ  ์˜์—…ํ•˜๋Š” '๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๋กœํŽŒ' ์ „๋žต์„ ํŽผ์ณค๋‹ค. ์ง€๋ฐฉ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์†Œ๋Š” ํ˜„์ง€ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ๋™์›ํ•ด ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์„ ์ˆ˜์ž„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ „๋ฌธ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์„œ์šธ์—์„œ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ์™€ ์ „๋žต์„ ๋ณด๊ฐ•ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด๋‹ค.

์˜ฌ ์ƒ๋ฐ˜๊ธฐ YK๋Š” ๊ถŒ์ˆœ์ผ ๋Œ€๋ฒ•๊ด€(14๊ธฐ)์„ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ๋ณ€ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๋กœ ์˜์ž…ํ–ˆ๊ณ , ์ง€๋‚œ 8์›”์—๋„ ํŒ์‚ฌ ์ถœ์‹  ๋ฒ ํ…Œ๋ž‘ ๋ณ€ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€๊ฑฐ ๋Œ์–ด๋“ค์˜€๋‹ค. ์กฐ์„ธ๋ฒ• ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ๋งŒ์ˆ˜(13๊ธฐ, ์ „ ๊น€์•ค์žฅ), ๊ธˆ์œต ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ์ถ”์›์‹(26๊ธฐ, ๊ด‘์žฅ), SK ์ดํ˜ผ ์†Œ์†ก์„ ๋งก์€ ์ƒ์†๋ฒ• ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฐ์ธ๊ตฌ(25๊ธฐ, ๋กœ๊ณ ์Šค) ๋ณ€ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค๋„ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ ๋ณ€ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๋กœ ํ•ฉ๋ฅ˜ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

YK๋Š” ์ ๊ทน์ ์ธ ํ™•์žฅ ์ „๋žต์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘๋…„ ๋งค์ถœ 803์–ต์›์„ ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ 10๋Œ€ ๋ฒ•๋ฌด๋ฒ•์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ง„์ž…ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๋‚œ 7์›” ๋ณ€ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ 300๋ช…์„ ๋ŒํŒŒํ–ˆ๊ณ , 9์›”์—” 6๋Œ€ ๋ฒ•๋ฌด๋ฒ•์ธ์ธ ํ™”์šฐ์™€ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€๊นŒ์ง€ ๋†’์•„์กŒ๋‹ค. ์˜ฌํ•ด ๋งค์ถœ์€ 1000์–ต์›์„ ํ›Œ์ฉ ๋„˜์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋˜๊ณ  ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ์˜์ž…๋„ ๊ณ„์† ์ด์–ด์งˆ ์ „๋ง์ด๋‹ค.

๋Œ€ํ˜• ๋ฒ•๋ฌด๋ฒ•์ธ๋“ค์€ ์ž‘๋…„๊นŒ์ง€๋งŒ ํ•ด๋„ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์ ์ธ ๋งˆ์ผ€ํŒ…์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ผ๋ถ€ ๋ฏผ๊ฐํ•œ ๊ฐœ์ธ ์†ก๋ฌด์—์„œ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด๋ผ๊ณ  YK๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์˜์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์„ ๋„“ํ˜”์ง€๋งŒ ์•„์ง ๊ทธ์— ๊ฑธ๋งž๋Š” ์ „๋ฌธ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–์ถ”์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋‹ด๋‹น ๋ณ€ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜์ฐจ๋ก€ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๋Š” ๋“ฑ ํ˜ผ์„ ์„ ๊ฒช๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ก€๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์•˜๊ณ , ์ˆ˜์ž„-์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ๋ณ€ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๊ฐ„ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๊ฑฐ๋ก ๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
๐Ÿ‘1
Continuous Learning_Startup & Investment
https://www.investchosun.com/m/article.html?contid=2024100280125 YK๋Š” 2020๋…„ ๋ฒ•์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•œ ํ›„ ๋ณธ๊ฒฉ์ ์ธ ํ™•์žฅ ๊ถค๋„์— ๋“ค์–ด์„ฐ๋‹ค. ์ง€๋ฐฉ ์ฃผ์š” ์ง€์ ์˜ ๋กœํŽŒ์„ ์•„์šฐ๋ฅด๊ณ  YK ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ๊ฑธ๊ณ  ์˜์—…ํ•˜๋Š” '๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๋กœํŽŒ' ์ „๋žต์„ ํŽผ์ณค๋‹ค. ์ง€๋ฐฉ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์†Œ๋Š” ํ˜„์ง€ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ๋™์›ํ•ด ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์„ ์ˆ˜์ž„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ „๋ฌธ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์„œ์šธ์—์„œ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ์™€ ์ „๋žต์„ ๋ณด๊ฐ•ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด๋‹ค. ์˜ฌ ์ƒ๋ฐ˜๊ธฐ YK๋Š” ๊ถŒ์ˆœ์ผ ๋Œ€๋ฒ•๊ด€(14๊ธฐ)์„ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ๋ณ€ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๋กœ ์˜์ž…ํ–ˆ๊ณ โ€ฆ
ํ˜•์‚ฌ ํŒŒํŠธ์—์„œ ๋†’์€ ์Šน๋ฅ + ์šด์˜ ํšจ์œจํ™”-> ๋งค์ถœ ์—”์ง„
์‹ ๊ทœ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—๋Š” ์Šคํƒ€ ๋ณ€ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ ์„ ์ž„+ ์šด์˜ํšจ์œจํ™”-> ๋งค์ถœ ์—”์ง„ ํ™•์žฅ
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๋ฉ”ํƒ€, ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์ƒ์„ฑ๋ชจ๋ธ "Meta Movie Gen" ์ถœ์‹œ (์ž๋ฃŒ: Meta)

- Movie Gen Video : ๋‹จ์ผ ํ…์ŠคํŠธ ํ”„๋กฌํ”„ํŠธ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ณ ํ™”์งˆ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€, ๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” 30B ๋งค๊ฐœ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ํŠธ๋žœ์Šคํฌ๋จธ ๋ชจ๋ธ

- Movie Gen Audio : ํ…์ŠคํŠธ ํ”„๋กฌํ”„ํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋น„๋””์˜ค์™€ ์‹ฑํฌ๋ฅผ ๋งž์ถœ ๊ณ ์Œ์งˆ ์˜ค๋””์˜ค ์ƒ์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” 13B ๋งค๊ฐœ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ํŠธ๋žœ์Šคํฌ๋จธ ๋ชจ๋ธ. ๋น„๋””์˜ค-์˜ค๋””์˜ค ๋ฐ ํ…์ŠคํŠธ-์˜ค๋””์˜ค ์‹ฑํฌ ๋งž์ถ”๊ธฐ

- Precise video editing : ์ƒ์„ฑํ•œ ๋น„๋””์˜ค ํ˜น์€ ๊ธฐ์กด ๋น„๋””์˜ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ํ…์ŠคํŠธ ํ”„๋กฌํ”„ํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์œผ๋ฉด ํŠน์ • ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€, ๊ต์ฒด, ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹์˜ ํŽธ์ง‘ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ

- Personalized videos : ๊ฐœ์ธํ™”๋œ ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์ œ์ž‘๊ธฐ๋Šฅ, ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์–ผ๊ตด์„ ๋„ฃ์–ด์„œ ๊ฐœ์ธํ™”๋œ ์˜์ƒ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ
Making a podcast with ์šด์ˆ˜์ข‹์€ ๋‚ 

https://notebooklm.google.com/notebook/f6fe72c8-cb41-4012-a163-839fd2f11f70/audio?pli=1
๐Ÿคทโ€โ™‚1
[์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต์„ ์ž˜ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•]

์–ผ๋งˆ ์ „ ์ ์‹ฌ ์‹œ๊ฐ„. ์ง‘ ๊ทผ์ฒ˜ ์‹๋‹น์— ๋ฐฅ์„ ๋จน์œผ๋Ÿฌ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ”๋‹ค.
โ€œ๊ณ ๋“ฑ์–ด ์ •์‹ ํ•˜๋‚˜์š”.โ€

์ฃผ๋ฐฉ์—์„œ ๋Œ€ํ™” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋“ค๋ ธ๋‹ค. ๋‚จ์ž ์ง์› ๋ถ„์ด ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๊ฐ”๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์ž ์—ฌ์ž ์ง์›๋ถ„์€ ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋”๋‹ˆ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์จ๋ถ™์˜€๋‹ค.

๋‚ด ๊ณ ๋“ฑ์–ด ์ •์‹์ด ๋‚˜์™”๋‹ค. ํ•œ์ฐฝ ๋จน๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๋”ธ๋ž‘- ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋ฌธ์ด ์—ด๋ ธ๋‹ค.

40๋Œ€ ์ •๋„ ๋ผ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋ถ„์ด ์กฐ์‹ฌ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์œผ์…จ๋‹ค.
โ€œ์ง€๊ธˆ ์‹์‚ฌ ๋˜๋‚˜์š”?โ€

์—ฌ์ž ์ง์›์ด ๋ฏธ๊ฐ„์€ ์ฐŒํ‘ธ๋ฆฌ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ž…์€ ์›ƒ๋Š” ํ‘œ์ •์œผ๋กœ ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
โ€œ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ ์จ๋ถ™์—ฌ ๋†จ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”. ์ €ํฌ ๋ณ‘์›์— ๊ฐ€๋А๋ผ๊ณ ..โ€

์—ฌ์„ฑ๋ถ„์ด ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋” ๋ฌผ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
โ€œ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์•ˆ ๋ผ์š”?โ€

์ง์›๋ถ„์ด ๋‹ตํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
โ€œ๋„ค๋„ค, ์ฃ„์†กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹คโ€

์—ฌ์„ฑ๋ถ„์€ ๋ฐฅ์„ ๋จน๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋ณด๋”๋‹ˆ, ๋Œ์•„์„œ ๋งค์žฅ์„ ๋‚˜๊ฐ”๋‹ค.

โ€˜์•„๊นŒ ์จ๋ถ™์ด๋˜ ๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๊ฑฐ์˜€๋‚˜๋ณด๋‹ค. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์ ์‹ฌ ์†๋‹˜์ด์—ˆ๋‚˜ ๋ณด๋„คโ€™
๋‚˜๋Š” ์†์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋˜ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋ฌธ์ด ์—ด๋ ธ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฒˆ์—” ๋‚จ์ž ํšŒ์‚ฌ์› ๋‘˜์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.

โ€œ์‹์‚ฌ ๋ผ์š”~?โ€

์—ฌ์ž ์ง์›์˜ ์งœ์ฆ ๋ ˆ๋ฒจ์ด ์‚ด์ง ๋” ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ„ ๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. 
โ€œ์•„๋‹ˆโ€ฆ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณ‘์›์— ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€์ง€๊ตฌ์š”. ๊ทธ ์•ž์— ์จ๋ถ™์—ฌ๋†จ๋Š”๋ฐ ์•ˆ ๋ณด์ด์‹œ๋Š”๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๋„ค.โ€

โ€œ์•ˆ ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ ?โ€ 
๋‚จ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

โ€œ๋„ค, ๋„ค ์ฃ„์†กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค~โ€

๋‚จ์ž ๋‘˜์ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ€์ž, ์—ฌ์ž ์ง์›๋ถ„์€ ๋ฌธ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์„œ ์ž๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์จ๋ถ™์—ฌ๋†“์€ ๊ฑธ ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ๋‹ค. โ€˜๋ณ‘์›์— ๋‹ค๋…€์˜ค๋А๋ผ 5์‹œ์— ์˜์—… ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹คโ€™

๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ˜ผ์žฃ๋ง๋กœ ์ค‘์–ผ๊ฑฐ๋ ธ๋‹ค. โ€œ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ด๊ฑธ ์•ˆ ๋ณด๋„ค..โ€

๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์•ž์—์„œ ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ด ์ข‹์•„์กŒ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์€ ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆ์ผ€์ด์…˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ธ€์— ์จ๋จน์–ด์•ผ์ง€! ๋ฐ”๋กœ ํ•ธ๋“œํฐ์„ ๊บผ๋‚ด์„œ ๋ฉ”๋ชจ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๋‘์—ˆ๋‹ค.

โ€˜์—ฌ์ž ์ง์›๊ณผ ์†๋‹˜๋“ค์˜ ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆ์ผ€์ด์…˜์—๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์„๊นŒ?โ€™

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์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต์„ ์ž˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๋‹ค. โ€˜์ƒ๋Œ€๋ฐฉ์˜ ์ž…์žฅโ€™์—์„œ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ๋œ๋‹ค.

โ€˜์‹์‚ฌ ๋ผ์š”?โ€™ ๋ผ๋Š” ๋ง์„ ๋“ค์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ, ์ง์›์€ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ–ˆ์„๊นŒ.

โ€˜์ง€๊ธˆ ์ง์›์ด ๋ณ‘์›์— ๊ฐ€์„œ ์š”๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š”๋ฐ..โ€™ 
โ€˜์•„๋‹ˆ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์จ๋†จ๋Š”๋ฐ.. ์™œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์•ˆ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์ž๊พธ ๋“ค์–ด์™€์„œ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ง€?โ€™

๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋‹ต์„ ํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.
โ€œ์•„๋‹ˆ, ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ณ‘์›์— ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€์ง€๊ตฌ์š”. ๊ทธ ์•ž์— ์จ๋ถ™์—ฌ๋†จ๋Š”๋ฐ.. ์•ˆ ๋ณด์ด์‹œ๋Š”๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๋„ค.โ€

์ด๊ฑธ ์ƒ๋Œ€๋ฐฉ ์ž…์žฅ์—์„œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์ž. ์ง์›์ด ๋ณ‘์›์— ๊ฐ”๋Š”์ง€, ์จ๋ถ™์—ฌ๋†จ๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ชป๋ดค๋Š”์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ๊ฐ€? ์ „ํ˜€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์†๋‹˜๋“ค์€ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ๋‹ค. โ€œ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‹์‚ฌ ์•ˆ ๋ผ์š”?โ€

๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ง€๊ธˆ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€? ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋กœ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€?

'์ง€๊ธˆ ์‹์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š”์ง€ ์—†๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ'์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋‹ค.

์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ณดํ†ต ๋‚ด ์ž…์žฅ์„ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ์˜์—…์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋ณ‘์› ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€ํ”ผํ•œ ์‚ฌ์œ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋‚˜๋Š” ์„ฑ์˜์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋ฌธ ์•ž์—๋‹ค ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์จ๋ถ™์—ฌ๋†“๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ์•ˆ๋ณด๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ž๊พธ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณธ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค.

์–ต์šธํ•จ๊ณผ ๊ท€์ฐฎ์Œ์„ ๋‚จ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์กฐ๊ธˆ์ด๋‚˜๋งˆ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋ ค ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ฆ‰๊ฐ์ ์ธ ๊ฐ์ •์ด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ.

๋งž๋‹ค. ์†๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ์ž˜๋ชป ํ–ˆ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ , ํ‹€๋ ธ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ง„์งœ ๋Œ€๋ฌธ์ง๋งŒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ผ๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ชป ๋ดค์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋ฏธ ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ์•ˆ์— ๋“ค์–ด์™€์„œ ์ง์›์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณธ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฑด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค.

๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ค ํ–‰๋™์„ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ๋Š” ๋‹ค ์–ด๋–ค ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋งˆ๋ จ์ด๋‹ค. ์จ๋ถ™์ธ ๊ฑด ๋ดค์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด๋ฏธ ๋ฐฅ์„ ๋จน๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋ดค์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ . ์จ๋ถ™์ธ ๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋œป์ธ์ง€ ์ดํ•ด๋ชปํ–ˆ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ .

์†๋‹˜(์ƒ๋Œ€๋ฐฉ)์ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋‹ค ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ํ–‰๋™์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒŒ ์ •๋ง ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.

์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํ•˜๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์—๋Š” ๋‹ค ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ฐ์ •๊ณผ ์ž…์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฒ ์ €ํžˆ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ด๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์„ ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด, ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์ž…์žฅ์ด ๋˜์–ด์„œ ๋ง์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

์ฐจ๋ผ๋ฆฌ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋ฉด ์ผ๋‹จ ์‹์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ ๋œ๋‹ค, ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋จผ์ € ์นœ์ ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ, ๋”ฐ๋ผ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋ฉด์„œ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ดค์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

โ€˜ํ˜น์‹œ ๋“ค์–ด์˜ค๋ฉด์„œ ์ข…์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์ด์…จ๋‚˜์š”?โ€™ ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น„๋‚œ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ๋”.

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ โ€˜์†Œํ†ต์˜ ๋ชฉ์ โ€™์€ ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒํ•œํ…Œ ์™œ ๋“ค์–ด์™”๋Š”์ง€ ๋”ฐ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 
๋” ์ด์ƒ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์˜คํ•ดํ•ด์„œ ์‹๋‹น์— ๋“ค์–ด์˜ค์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•œ ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๋Œ€๋ฐฉ์—๊ฒŒ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์•ˆ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ”๊ตฌ๋‚˜. ๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ƒ๋Œ€๋ฐฉ์ด ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ, ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ์•„์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ข…์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ๋„ ๋“ค์–ด์™”๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”๋ณธ๋‹ค. ์ข…์ด๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ ๋ณด์ด๋ฉด ๋ณด์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”๋ณธ๋‹ค. ๋“ฑ๋“ฑ.

ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ์ง์›์€ ์†๋‹˜์ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ€์ž ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

โ€œ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ด๊ฑธ ์•ˆ ๋ณด๋„ค..โ€

๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ธ์ƒ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์˜ค์ง ์ž๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์™€ ์ž…์žฅ์—๋งŒ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต์ด ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์ด์œ ๋‹ค.

๋ฐ”๊ฟ”๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ์ƒ๋Œ€๋ฐฉ์˜ ์ž…์žฅ์—์„œ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด, ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๋ฌธ์ œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋ ฅ์ด ์ƒ๊ธด๋‹ค.

์ƒ๋Œ€๋ฐฉ์ด ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋‹ค ๋“ค์–ด์ค˜์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ '๋‚ด ์ž…์žฅ'์„ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด ๋ณดํ†ต '๋‚ด ๋ชฉ์ '์„ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ์•ˆ๋œ๋‹ค. ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ์ƒ๋Œ€๋ฐฉ์˜ ์ž…์žฅ์—์„œ ๋ง์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด, ๋Œ€ํ™”์˜ โ€˜๋ชฉ์ โ€™์€ ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ˜๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ๋‹ค.

๋งŒ์•ฝ ์‹๋‹น ์ง์›์ด โ€˜์จ๋ถ™์—ฌ๋†จ๋Š”๋ฐ๋„ ์ž๊พธ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด๋Š” ์งœ์ฆ์„ ํ‘œํ˜„โ€™ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด? โ€˜์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์˜คํ•ดํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒโ€™์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด? ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋ฅผ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋‹ค.

์งง์€ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋กœ๋„ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์†Œํ†ต ๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํšŒ์‚ฌ์—์„œ๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋‹ค. ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€ ํ•œ๋‘ ์ค„๋กœ๋„ ์ด ๋ถ„์ด ์†Œํ†ต ์ž˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ธ์ง€ ์•„๋‹Œ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋А๊ปด์ง„๋‹ค.

์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋“ค์€ ๋ง์„ ๊ณฑ์”น์–ด๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด ์–ด๋–จ์ง€. ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋‚˜ํ•œํ…Œ ํ•œ ๋ง์€ ๋ณธ์ธ ์ž…์žฅ์—์„œ ํ•œ ๋ง์ด์—ˆ์„๊นŒ, ๋‚ด ์ž…์žฅ์—์„œ ํ•œ ๋ง์ด์—ˆ์„๊นŒ?

๊ฒฐ๋ก : ์†Œํ†ต์„ ์ž˜ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์ƒ๋Œ€๋ฐฉ์˜ ์ž…์žฅ์—์„œ ๋งํ•˜์ž.
โค3๐Ÿ‘2
https://ai.meta.com/blog/yann-lecun-advances-in-ai-research/

Human and nonhuman animals seem able to learn enormous amounts of background knowledge about how the world works through observation and through an incomprehensibly small amount of interactions in a task-independent, unsupervised way,

LeCun proposes that one of the most important challenges in AI today is devising learning paradigms and architectures that would allow machines to learn world models in a self-supervised fashion and then use those models to predict, reason, and plan.

https://youtu.be/5t1vTLU7s40?si=Xb7D8LpFcnfrsz55
์™€ ์ด๊ฑด ์ƒ๊ฐ๋„ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๋งž๋Š” ๋ง์ธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์—ญ์‹œ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋งˆ๋‹ค ํŠน์œ ์˜ DNA๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋“ฏ. ์ถœ์ฒ˜๋Š” ์˜ค๋ฆ„ํ…Œ๋ผํ“จํ‹ฑ ์ด์Šน์ฃผ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ ํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ถ.

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ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋ฅผ (์„์œ ) ํŒŒ์ดํ”„๋ผ์ธ์— ๋น„์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ, ์ œ์•ฝ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค์™€ ์œ ์ „๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ณผ ์—…์˜ ์†์„ฑ์ด ๋น„์Šทํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„๊นŒ ๋ง‰์—ฐํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์™”๋Š”๋ฐ, SK ์ถœ์‹ ์„ ๋งŒ๋‚˜์„œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•˜๋˜ ์ค‘์— ๋” ํ™•์‹ ์ด ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Q: SK๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์—…๊ณผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์™œ ํ˜์‹ ์‹ ์•ฝ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ์ž˜ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€?

SK์ถœ์‹  ์™ˆ:
์‹ํ’ˆ๊ณผ ๋ฐ˜๋„์ฒด ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์—…์˜ ์†์„ฑ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์‹ ์•ฝ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค.

์‹ํ’ˆํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” 6๊ฐœ์›” ์ œํ’ˆ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ํ›„์— ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋งค์ถœ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์•ผํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ํ˜์‹ ์‹ ์•ฝ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์ž๋ณธ์„ ์ดํ•ด ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋„์ฒด ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์ž๋ณธ์—๋Š” ์ต์ˆ™ํ•œ๋ฐ, ํ€„๋Ÿฌํ‹ฐ ์ปจํŠธ๋กค ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ํ‚ค์›Œ์„œ ๋‹จ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”๋Š” ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค์— ์ต์ˆ™ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ๋ฐ”์ด์˜คํ•˜๊ณ  ์ ‘๋ชฉ์ ์€ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์™€ ์ œ์กฐ์›๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค์‹œ๋ฐ€๋Ÿฌ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  foundry ์‚ฌ์—…๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ CMO๋ง๊ณ ๋Š” ์—†๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ํ•ด์™ธ์œ ์ „ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” SK๋Š” ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•ด์™ธ ์œ ์ „ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์— 5~10๋…„์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ 3~4000์–ต์ด ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ž˜๋˜๋ฉด ๋…ธ๋‹ค์ง€์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์•ˆ๋˜๋ฉด ๊ธฐ๋ฆ„ ํ•œ๋ฐฉ์šธ ์•ˆ๋‚˜๋Š” ์—…์˜ ์†์„ฑ์ด ์‹ ์•ฝ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•ด์„œ, ์œ ์ „๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์— ์ต์ˆ™ํ•œ ์ตœ๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ์˜์ง„์€ ์‹ ์•ฝ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„, ์ž๋ณธ, ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ์™€ ๋ฆฌํ„ด์— ์ต์ˆ™ํ•˜๋‹ค.

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