Explicit Cost :-Explicit cost is the discount rate that equates the
present value of the funds received by the firm net of underwriting costs, with the
present value of expected cash outflows.
present value of the funds received by the firm net of underwriting costs, with the
present value of expected cash outflows.
Deleted Account
Photo
👆this is UPSC Exam question. Aspirant hv not focused on word "Explicit Cost of Debenture" in exam hall. Many students have calculated only cost percentage .
Explicit Cost :-Explicit cost is the discount rate that equates the
present value of the funds received by the firm net of underwriting costs, with the
present value of expected cash outflows.
present value of the funds received by the firm net of underwriting costs, with the
present value of expected cash outflows.
Current affairs for Commerce Optional
New Code on Wages Bill
The Union Cabinet has cleared the new version of Code on Wages Bill, which seeks to define the norms for fixing minimum wages.
It will be applicable to workers of organised and unorganised sectors, except government employees and MNREGA workers.
It will amalgamate the Payment of Wages Act, 1936, the Minimum Wages Act, 1948, the Payment of Bonus Act, 1965, and the Equal Remuneration Act, 1976.
Join🔜@commerceoptional
New determining factors of wages
As per the Bill, minimum wages will be linked only to factors such as skills and geographical regions.
At present, minimum wages are fixed on the basis of categories such as skilled, unskilled, semi-skilled, high skilled, geographical regions, and nature of work such as mining.
Join🔜@commerceoptional
These are applicable for 45 scheduled employments in the central sphere and 1709 scheduled employments in states.
This is expected to effectively reduce the number of minimum wage rates across the country to 300 from about 2,500 minimum wage rates at present.
Join🔜@commerceoptional
Floor Wage
A National Floor Level Minimum Wage will be set by the Centre to be revised every five years, while states will fix minimum wages for their regions, which cannot be lower than the floor wage.
The current floor wage, which was fixed in 2017, is at Rs 176 a day, but some states have minimum wages lower than it such as Andhra Pradesh (Rs 69) and Telangana (Rs 69).
Join🔜@commerceoptional
Importance
An effective minimum wage policy is a potential tool not only for the protection of low paid workers but is also an inclusive mechanism for more resilient and sustainable economic development.
A simple, coherent and enforceable Minimum Wage System should be designed with the aid of technology as minimum wages push wages up and reduce wage inequality without significantly affecting employment.
New Code on Wages Bill
The Union Cabinet has cleared the new version of Code on Wages Bill, which seeks to define the norms for fixing minimum wages.
It will be applicable to workers of organised and unorganised sectors, except government employees and MNREGA workers.
It will amalgamate the Payment of Wages Act, 1936, the Minimum Wages Act, 1948, the Payment of Bonus Act, 1965, and the Equal Remuneration Act, 1976.
Join🔜@commerceoptional
New determining factors of wages
As per the Bill, minimum wages will be linked only to factors such as skills and geographical regions.
At present, minimum wages are fixed on the basis of categories such as skilled, unskilled, semi-skilled, high skilled, geographical regions, and nature of work such as mining.
Join🔜@commerceoptional
These are applicable for 45 scheduled employments in the central sphere and 1709 scheduled employments in states.
This is expected to effectively reduce the number of minimum wage rates across the country to 300 from about 2,500 minimum wage rates at present.
Join🔜@commerceoptional
Floor Wage
A National Floor Level Minimum Wage will be set by the Centre to be revised every five years, while states will fix minimum wages for their regions, which cannot be lower than the floor wage.
The current floor wage, which was fixed in 2017, is at Rs 176 a day, but some states have minimum wages lower than it such as Andhra Pradesh (Rs 69) and Telangana (Rs 69).
Join🔜@commerceoptional
Importance
An effective minimum wage policy is a potential tool not only for the protection of low paid workers but is also an inclusive mechanism for more resilient and sustainable economic development.
A simple, coherent and enforceable Minimum Wage System should be designed with the aid of technology as minimum wages push wages up and reduce wage inequality without significantly affecting employment.
Types of Organisational Structures: their Advantages and Disadvantages
There are two types of organisations namely formal organisations and Informal Organisation they must deal with-one formal and the other informal.
The formal organisation is usually delineated by an organisational chart and job descriptions. The official reporting relationships are clearly known to every manager.
Alongside the formal organisation exists are informal organisation which is a set of evolving relationships and patterns of human interaction within an organisation that are not officially prescribed.
Join 🔜 @commerceoptional
There are two types of organisations namely formal organisations and Informal Organisation they must deal with-one formal and the other informal.
The formal organisation is usually delineated by an organisational chart and job descriptions. The official reporting relationships are clearly known to every manager.
Alongside the formal organisation exists are informal organisation which is a set of evolving relationships and patterns of human interaction within an organisation that are not officially prescribed.
Join 🔜 @commerceoptional
MANAGEMENT BY OBJECTIVES.pdf
1.5 MB
👆 Management by Objectives
Most important topics for UPSC commerce Optional.
Join 🔜 @commerceoptional
Also Join🔜 @civilservicegurukul
Most important topics for UPSC commerce Optional.
Join 🔜 @commerceoptional
Also Join🔜 @civilservicegurukul
Aspirants are advised to revise organisation theory subtopic given in excel sheet. Exam will be held on 15/07/2019 at 2 PM.
for more info
Contact @cadhananjay
for more info
Contact @cadhananjay
😊Line and staff organisation😊
In line and staff organisation, the work of administration is divided into two broad divisions viz., the staff which is responsible for planning and the line for the actual execution of the work.
The staff personnel only give advice to the line officials but do not enforce it.
The staff officials prepare plans and recommend to the line officials who implement them with the help of departmental personnel.
Advantages: -
1. Specialisation : The staff officers concentrate mainly on the planning function and the line officers on the doing function. By this method specialisation is attained.
2. Flexibility: Staff can be added to the line and the new activities may be introduced without disturbing the line procedure.
3. Expert advice: The staff officers provide expert advice and guidance to line officers.
4. Relief to the line executive: The staff officers look after the detailed analysis of each important managerial activity which is a big relief to the line officers.
5. Opportunity for advancement: In this form a greater variety of responsible jobs are available and this provides for more opportunities for the advancement of capable workers.
Join🔜@commerceoptional
Disadvantages
1. Confusion: If the pattern of authority and responsibility relationship between line and staff executives is not clearly indicated, there may be considerable confusion throughout the organisation.
2. Advice ignored: As the staff officers lack authority to put their recommendations into practice, their advice may be ignored by the line officers.
3. Expensive: This form requires the appointment of large number of experts involving heavy expenditure.
4. Conflict between line and staff: There is a possibility of conflict between line and staff personnel.
In line and staff organisation, the work of administration is divided into two broad divisions viz., the staff which is responsible for planning and the line for the actual execution of the work.
The staff personnel only give advice to the line officials but do not enforce it.
The staff officials prepare plans and recommend to the line officials who implement them with the help of departmental personnel.
Advantages: -
1. Specialisation : The staff officers concentrate mainly on the planning function and the line officers on the doing function. By this method specialisation is attained.
2. Flexibility: Staff can be added to the line and the new activities may be introduced without disturbing the line procedure.
3. Expert advice: The staff officers provide expert advice and guidance to line officers.
4. Relief to the line executive: The staff officers look after the detailed analysis of each important managerial activity which is a big relief to the line officers.
5. Opportunity for advancement: In this form a greater variety of responsible jobs are available and this provides for more opportunities for the advancement of capable workers.
Join🔜@commerceoptional
Disadvantages
1. Confusion: If the pattern of authority and responsibility relationship between line and staff executives is not clearly indicated, there may be considerable confusion throughout the organisation.
2. Advice ignored: As the staff officers lack authority to put their recommendations into practice, their advice may be ignored by the line officers.
3. Expensive: This form requires the appointment of large number of experts involving heavy expenditure.
4. Conflict between line and staff: There is a possibility of conflict between line and staff personnel.
😁Committee Organisational Structure 👌
A committee organization is an association of people set up to arrive at solutions to common problems.
The line people are given opportunities to discuss their problems in the committee.
The committee organizational structure is not like line or functional organization, but is similar to staff organization.
Its decisions are implemented, whereas staff decisions are not necessarily implemented. It is a formal part of the organizational structure wherein the members are specifically mentioned.
For example, the Finance Committee will include all the functional managers, viz. Marketing Manager, Production Manager, Personnel Managers, etc. as members, and the Managing Director as the Chairman.
It will decide the financial requirements of each and every department. The decisions taken by the committee are followed by the line people, as the committees are representatives of various functional departments.
Join🔜 @Commerceoptional
Also Join 🔜@civilservicegurukul
A committee organization is an association of people set up to arrive at solutions to common problems.
The line people are given opportunities to discuss their problems in the committee.
The committee organizational structure is not like line or functional organization, but is similar to staff organization.
Its decisions are implemented, whereas staff decisions are not necessarily implemented. It is a formal part of the organizational structure wherein the members are specifically mentioned.
For example, the Finance Committee will include all the functional managers, viz. Marketing Manager, Production Manager, Personnel Managers, etc. as members, and the Managing Director as the Chairman.
It will decide the financial requirements of each and every department. The decisions taken by the committee are followed by the line people, as the committees are representatives of various functional departments.
Join🔜 @Commerceoptional
Also Join 🔜@civilservicegurukul
Congratulations to Students for qualifying UPSC prelims.
Those who have not qualified, Pls don't loose hope. Prepare for next attempt.
How many person from this channel qualified UPSC prelims 2019 having Commerce Optional?
We are developing one smart strategy to revise syllabus within time and practice daily answer writing.
Anyone interested to participate?
Pls feel free to contact at @cadhananjay
Those who have not qualified, Pls don't loose hope. Prepare for next attempt.
How many person from this channel qualified UPSC prelims 2019 having Commerce Optional?
We are developing one smart strategy to revise syllabus within time and practice daily answer writing.
Anyone interested to participate?
Pls feel free to contact at @cadhananjay