• Variables, data types, and operators
• Control structures (if-else, loops)
• Functions/methods
• Basic data structures (arrays, lists, stacks, queues)
• Setup Java development environment (JDK, IDEs like IntelliJ IDEA or Eclipse)
• Basic syntax and structure of Java programs
• Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) concepts: classes, objects, inheritance, polymorphism, encapsulation, abstraction
• Exception handling
• Input/Output (I/O) operations
• Java Collections Framework (List, Set, Map)
• Multithreading and Concurrency
• Generics and Enums
• Lambda expressions and Stream API
• Java 8+ features (functional programming concepts, new date and time API)
• Annotations and Reflection

• Relational Databases: MySQL, PostgreSQL
• SQL: CRUD operations, Joins,
• Indexes, Transactions
• JDBC (Java Database Connectivity)
• NoSQL Databases: MongoDB, Cassandra
• Understanding of when and why to use NoSQL databases

1. Core Spring Concepts:
• Spring Boot for rapid application development
• Dependency Injection (DI) and Inversion of Control (IoC)

2. Spring Modules:
• Spring Data JPA (for database interactions)
• Spring MVC (for creating web applications)
• Spring Security (for authentication and authorization)
• Spring Cloud (for developing cloud- native applications)

3. RESTful Web Services:
• Building REST APIs with Spring Boot
• Understanding of REST principles and HTTP methods (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE)
• JSON (de) serialization with Jackson

1. RESTful APIs:
• Best practices for designing and documenting APIs (Swagger/ OpenAPI)
• Microservices Architecture:
• Fundamentals of microservices
• Communication between microservices (REST, gRPC, messaging)
• Service discovery and configuration management
• Using Spring Cloud components (Eureka, Config Server, etc.)

- Keep it simple: Break down complex logic into smaller methods.
- Single Responsibility Principle (SRP): Each class should handle one responsibility.
- Don't Repeat Yourself (DRY): Avoid duplication by extracting reusable code.
- Proper formatting: Use consistent indentation and formatting for readability.

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