SQL INTERVIEW PREPARATION PART-1 👇👇

What is the difference between WHERE& HAVING CLAUSE in SQL?

The WHERE and HAVING clauses in SQL are used to filter results, but they serve different purposes.

1. WHERE Clause:
- Used with the SELECT, UPDATE, and DELETE statements.
- Filters rows before the grouping or aggregation.
- Specifies conditions for selecting individual rows from the tables.
- Example: SELECT * FROM employees WHERE salary > 50000;

2. HAVING Clause:
- Used with the SELECT statement.
- Filters rows after the grouping has occurred, typically when using aggregate functions like SUM, COUNT, etc.
- Specifies conditions for filtering the results of aggregate functions.
- Example: SELECT department, AVG(salary) as avg_salary FROM employees GROUP BY department HAVING AVG(salary) > 60000;

In summary, WHERE is used for filtering rows before any grouping or aggregation, while HAVING is used for filtering results after grouping has taken place, specifically with aggregate functions.

Hope it helps :)

Glad to see the amazing response for Excel Learning Series 😄❤️


Let's start with the first topic today: Introduction to Excel.

1. Basic Spreadsheet Navigation: In Excel, you navigate through the spreadsheet using the mouse or keyboard. You move between cells, rows, and columns to input, edit, or review data. Understanding how to efficiently move around the spreadsheet is fundamental for working effectively in Excel.

2. Understanding Cells, Rows, and Columns: Cells are the basic building blocks of Excel. They are the boxes where you enter data, perform calculations, or display results. Rows run horizontally, and columns run vertically. Each cell is identified by a unique combination of its column letter and row number (e.g., A1, B2, C3). Understanding the structure of cells, rows, and columns is essential for organizing and analyzing data in Excel.


Stay tuned for the next topics ☺️

Hope it helps :)

Complete SQL Topics for Data Analysts 😄👇

1. Introduction to SQL:
- Basic syntax and structure
- Understanding databases and tables

2. Querying Data:
- SELECT statement
- Filtering data using WHERE clause
- Sorting data with ORDER BY

3. Joins:
- INNER JOIN, LEFT JOIN, RIGHT JOIN, FULL JOIN
- Combining data from multiple tables

4. Aggregation Functions:
- GROUP BY
- Aggregate functions like COUNT, SUM, AVG, MAX, MIN

5. Subqueries:
- Using subqueries in SELECT, WHERE, and HAVING clauses

6. Data Modification:
- INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE statements
- Transactions and Rollback

7. Data Types and Constraints:
- Understanding various data types (e.g., INT, VARCHAR)
- Using constraints (e.g., PRIMARY KEY, FOREIGN KEY)

8. Indexes:
- Creating and managing indexes for performance optimization

9. Views:
- Creating and using views for simplified querying

10. Stored Procedures and Functions:
- Writing and executing stored procedures
- Creating and using functions

11. Normalization:
- Understanding database normalization concepts

12. Data Import and Export:
- Importing and exporting data using SQL

13. Window Functions:
- ROW_NUMBER(), RANK(), DENSE_RANK(), and others

14. Advanced Filtering:
- Using CASE statements for conditional logic

15. Advanced Join Techniques:
- Self-joins and other advanced join scenarios

16. Analytical Functions:
- LAG(), LEAD(), OVER() for advanced analytics

17. Working with Dates and Times:
- Date and time functions and formatting

18. Performance Tuning:
- Query optimization strategies

19. Security:
- Understanding SQL injection and best practices for security

20. Handling NULL Values:
- Dealing with NULL values in queries

Ensure to strengthen your SQL skills.


Hope it helps :)

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☺️ Need your help for Heroku ☁️


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